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the island was changed to
Collier City in 1927. By late in the 20th century Key Marco had been attached to Marco Island and all of the mounds on Key Marco had been leveled and built on. The area is now known as Old Marco Village. One source of confusion in the name is Marion Gilliland's use of "Key Marco" to refer to all of Marco Island. Another source of confusion arises from the fact that in the 1980s a development company renamed the former
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The island of Key Marco was composed of shell mounds and other shell works and separate from Marco Island in the 19th century. A late 19th century settlement on the island was called Marco
Village. The Olde Marco Inn on the north end of the island was founded in 1887. The name of the settlement on
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of objects which have been handled and stored away from their original environment for long periods may not be reliable. In the 1960s an attempt to radiocarbon date some objects yielded a date of 1670 AD. A second attempt in 1975 using five different objects yielded dates from 55 AD to 850 AD.
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stages, with large houses built on pilings. A stratigraphic analysis found 55 discrete layers, indicated by changes in shell and sand mixture. They found evidence of numerous postholes, which indicated a large structure built on pilings to raise it above the surface of the mound. They found
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In 1965 Van Beck and Van Beck excavated part of a 4.5 metres (15 ft) tall mound about 200 metres (660 ft) northeast of the "Court of the Pile
Dwellers". Two test pits yielded a large of number of potsherds in distinct strata. The potsherds all belong to the
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At the time the pond was excavated, techniques for preserving wood and other fragile materials removed from the muck had not been developed. The colors on the painted objects quickly faded, and many objects quickly deteriorated. But, a
268:, who trained and led a volunteer labor effort, in association with related organizations. They hoped to be able to establish more context for the archaeological site excavated by Cushing. Evidence was found of three
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as "Key Marco". Horr's Island was the location of an independently significant archaeological site. It has one of the oldest indigenous burial mounds of the eastern United States, dating to about 1450
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periods II and III. The density of the potsherds indicates that the Key Marco site had a high population density, and presumably political complexity during both Glades period II and III.
120:. The original pond was completely excavated and refilled. It is now covered by a housing subdivision. Excavations of small parts of the site were also conducted in 1965 and 1995.
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Dating the finds from the "Court of the Pile
Dwellers" has been a problem. Because of the limited knowledge of the archaeological discipline at the time, no record of the
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Map of Key Marco, showing the pond known as the "Court of the Pile
Dwellers" in blue, the Van Beck excavation of 1964 in gold, and the Widmer excavation of 1995 in brown.
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In 1995 the
Collier County Historical Society commissioned an archaeological salvage project on an undeveloped portion of Key Marco, supervised by archaeologists
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8CR48 designates the entire Key Marco site, while 8CR49 designates just the pond known at the "Court of the Pile
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with the excavation party recorded all the objects soon after they were removed from the pond, thus preserving evidence of their appearance.
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as defined in archaeology. Around 1300 AD, pottery and artifact styles in the Muspa area changed to become very similar to those of the
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587:"Pepper-Hearst Expedition: A Preliminary Report on the Exploration of Ancient Key-dweller Remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida"
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Key Marco Cat entry at the
Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
64:. A small pond on Key Marco, now known as the "Court of the Pile Dwellers" (8CR49), was excavated in 1896 by the
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629:. Ripley P. Bullen monographs in anthropology and history, no. 8. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.
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The name "Court of the Pile
Dwellers" refers to Cushing's proposal that the people of Key Marco had lived on
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The Key Marco cat, artifact
Catalogue No. A240915, Department of Anthropology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution.
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Widmer, Randolph J. (1996). "Recent Excavations at the Key Marco Site, 8Cr48, Collier County, Florida".
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563:(Reprint of 1896 ed.). Gainesville, Florida: The University Press of Florida. pp. ix–xxii.
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Van Beck, John C. and Linda M. Van Beck (1965). "The Marco Midden, Marco Island, Florida".
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The Evolution of the Calusa: A Nonagricultural Chiefdom on the Southwest Florida Coast
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people to the north, indicating a close alliance with or absorption by the Calusa.
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of the objects was kept. They cannot be placed in sequence. There is no sign of
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were also prepared by Wells M. Sawyer showing the colors of the painted objects.
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Key Marco's buried treasure: archaeology and adventure in the nineteenth century
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over the water in the pond, based on finding many toppled pilings in the pond.
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additional evidence of early Glades culture, mostly through pottery remains.
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of a carved and painted mask excavated from the "Court of the Pile Dwellers"
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Map of Key Marco with "Court of the Pile Dwellers" marked in blue, from the
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The Calusa and Their Legacy: South Florida People and Their Environments
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Exploration of Ancient Key-Dweller Remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida
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A great variety of artifacts were found in the pond, including bowls,
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88:. These artifacts are described as some of the finest prehistoric
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University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
532:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. p.
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from the pond, the largest number of wooden artifacts from any
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96:. The Key Marco materials are principally divided between the
141:(8000 BCE- 1000 BCE) in the southeastern part of the nation.
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The "Court of the Pile Dwellers" at Key Marco was a small
509:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
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505:MacMahon, Darcie A.; Marquardt, William H. (2004).
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591:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1511:Indigenous culture of the Southeastern Woodlands
1403:Protection of Native American sites in Florida
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622:. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida
1398:Indigenous peoples of the Everglades region
714:Indigenous peoples of Pre-Columbian Florida
490:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc.
76:. Cushing recovered more than 1,000 wooden
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620:The material culture of Key Marco, Florida
234:did not exist at the time of excavation.
462:Randolph J. Widmer, "Key Marco Project"
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230:trade goods or influence in the finds.
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1506:Geography of Collier County, Florida
1531:Native American history of Florida
1521:Islands of Collier County, Florida
106:National Museum of Natural History
104:; the Department of Anthropology,
16:Archaeological site in Florida, US
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281:Marco Island was occupied by the
114:Florida Museum of Natural History
1414:List of shell ring sites#Florida
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585:Cushing, Frank Hamilton (1896).
1501:Archaeological sites in Florida
625:Gilliland, Marion Spjut. 1989.
618:Gilliland, Marion Spjut. 1975.
666:Marco Island Historical Museum
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464:, University of Houston, 1995
285:people, corresponding to the
551:Widmer, Randolph J. (2000).
524:Widmer, Randolph J. (1988).
473:MacMahon and Marquardt. P. 6
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873:North peninsular Gulf coast
84:archaeological site in the
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648:The Florida Anthropologist
635:The Florida Anthropologist
102:University of Pennsylvania
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1166:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
971:Cayson Mound and Village
486:Brown, Robin C. (1994).
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70:Pepper-Hearst Expedition
52:) consisting of a large
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561:Cushing, Frank Hamilton
110:Smithsonian Institution
66:Smithsonian Institution
1101:Letchworth-Love Mounds
1046:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
906:Aqui Esta Burial Mound
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488:Florida's First People
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74:Frank Hamilton Cushing
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389:Widmer 2000:xviii-xix
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118:University of Florida
86:eastern United States
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1161:Myakkahatchee Creek
1111:Madira Bickel Mound
1091:Lake Jackson Mounds
742:Post-Archaic period
452:Widmer 2000:x, xvii
243:Van Beck excavation
197:mortars and pestles
1526:Islands of Florida
1326:Waddells Mill Pond
1271:Shark River Slough
1106:Little Salt Spring
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262:Randolph J. Widmer
236:Radiocarbon dating
232:Radiocarbon dating
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1482:25.9594; -81.7281
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1286:Third Gulf Breeze
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1016:Fort Walton Mound
312:Turner River Site
256:Widmer excavation
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233:
229:
225:
220:
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191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
164:
159:
151:
144:
142:
140:
136:
132:
131:Horr's Island
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
94:North America
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
35:
28:
23:
19:
1458:
1301:Turtle Mound
1296:Turner River
1291:Thomas Creek
1281:Spruce Creek
1261:Ross Hammock
1231:Porter's Bar
1211:Platt Island
1176:Ormond Mound
1151:Mount Taylor
1121:Miami Circle
1080:
1076:Jungle Prada
1066:J&J Hunt
1041:Helen Blazes
1026:Garden Patch
951:Bubba Midden
936:Bird Hammock
810:Mount Taylor
732:Paleoindians
725:
651:
647:
638:
634:
626:
619:
608:. Retrieved
594:
590:
556:
553:Introduction
527:
506:
487:
469:
457:
448:
439:
430:
421:
412:
403:
394:
385:
376:
367:
358:
335:
326:
280:
259:
246:
221:
213:photographer
209:
194:
168:
127:
58:Marco Island
41:
40:
18:
1480: /
1422:Shell works
1321:Velda Mound
1306:Twin Mounds
1191:Page-Ladson
1146:Mount Royal
1131:Monroe Lake
1031:Green Mound
1021:Galt Island
1011:Fort Center
855:Swift Creek
790:Fort Walton
765:Belle Glade
610:17 December
434:Brown:29-30
307:Fort Center
217:Watercolors
82:prehistoric
54:shell works
1495:Categories
1468:81°43′41″W
1465:25°57′34″N
1408:Shell ring
1336:Yent Mound
1251:Rock Mound
1241:River Styx
1156:Mullet Key
1001:Dismal Key
991:Demere Key
976:C. J. Ostl
966:Cayo Pelau
956:Burns Lake
770:Cades Pond
480:References
205:ear spools
199:, spears,
112:; and the
72:, led by
1186:Otis Hare
1136:Mound Key
1126:Mill Cove
1081:Key Marco
941:Blueberry
911:Bay Pines
866:McKeithen
845:St. Johns
830:Pensacola
351:Citations
78:artifacts
42:Key Marco
1378:Windover
1368:Vero man
1206:Pineland
1171:Nocoroco
805:Manasota
785:Deptford
753:cultures
654:: 10–25.
425:Brown:29
416:Brown:27
398:Brown:27
301:See also
228:European
1444:Related
1352:remains
815:Norwood
760:Alachua
726:Periods
641:: 1–20.
597:(153).
201:atlatls
186:rawhide
92:art in
62:Florida
44:was an
1201:Pierce
986:Cutler
795:Glades
780:Clovis
601:
567:
540:
513:
494:
295:Calusa
250:Glades
48:site (
29:report
1350:Human
1216:Plaza
887:sites
559:. By
318:Notes
283:Muspa
124:Names
50:8CR48
612:2011
599:ISBN
565:ISBN
538:ISBN
511:ISBN
492:ISBN
264:and
188:and
178:acre
174:pond
171:muck
190:gut
182:gum
135:BCE
68:'s
1497::
652:49
650:.
639:18
637:.
595:35
593:.
589:.
555:.
536:.
534:91
184:,
116:,
108:,
100:,
60:,
699:e
692:t
685:v
614:.
573:.
546:.
519:.
500:.
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