309:
419:
325:, to design a vehicle that could be stable and carry a large number of passengers. Shillibeer's design worked. On 28 April 1828, the first Paris omnibus began service, running every fifteen minutes between La Madeleine and la Bastille. Before long, there were one hundred omnibuses in service, with eighteen different itineraries. A journey cost twenty-five centimes. The omnibuses circulated between seven in the morning and seven in the evening; each omnibus could carry between twelve and eighteen passengers. The busiest line was that along the Grand Boulevards; it ran from eight in the morning until midnight.
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135:
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162:. It was mainly used in the late 19th century in both the United States and Europe, and was one of the most common means of transportation in cities. In a typical arrangement, two wooden benches along the sides of the passenger cabin held several sitting passengers facing each other. The driver sat on a separate, front-facing bench, typically in an elevated position outside the passengers' enclosed cabin. In the main age of horse buses, many of them were
485:
38:
170:
305:, no prior booking was necessary and the driver would pick up or set down passengers anywhere on request. The first omnibus was introduced in London in 1831. In 1833, legislation was passed to allow these long-bodied vehicles to ply the streets of the city, provided the drivers and conductors took out a license and wore a badge with a number on it.
333:
Batignollaises, les
Parisiennes, les Hirondelles, les Joséphines, les Excellentes, les Sylphides, les Constantines, les Dames-Françaises, les Algériennes, les Dames-Réunies, and les Gazelles. The omnibus had a profound effect on Parisian life, making it possible for Parisians to work and have a social life outside their own neighborhoods.
476:
With the advent of mass-produced steel in around 1860, horse-buses were put on rails as the same horse could then move 3 to 10 times as many people. This was not only more efficient, but faster and produced, in an age of unpaved streets, a far superior ride. These horse drawn trams were converted to
332:
In
September 1828, a competing company, les Dames-Blanches, had started running its own vehicles. In 1829 and the following years, more companies with poetic names entered the business; les Citadines, les Tricycles, les Orléanises, les Diligentes, les Écossaises, les Béarnaises, les Carolines, les
480:
At around 1890, electric propulsion became practical and replaced both the horse and the cable and the number of tram lines expanded exponentially. This was seen as a huge advance in urban transport and considered a wise investment at that time. These became known as streetcars, trams or trolleys,
472:
Horses pulling buses could only work for limited hours per day, had to be housed, groomed, fed and cared for every day, and produced large amounts of manure, which the omnibus company had to store and dispose of. Since a typical horse pulled a bus for four or five hours per day, covering about a
328:
The Paris omnibus service was an immediate popular success, with more than two and a half million passengers in the first six months. There was no reliable way to collect money from the passengers, or the fare collectors kept much of the money for themselves; In its first years the company was
177:
Similar, if smaller, vehicles were often maintained at country houses (and by some hotels and railway companies) to convey servants and luggage to and from the railway station. Especially popular around 1870–1900, these vehicles were known as a 'private omnibuses' or 'station buses';
360:
saw the success of the Paris omnibus in service and concluded that operating similar vehicles in London would be commercially successful. His first London "Omnibus", using the same design and name as the Paris vehicle, took up service on 4 July 1829 on the route between
496:, or autobuses. The last recorded horse omnibus in London was a Tilling bus which last ran, between Peckham and Honor Oak Tavern, on 4 August 1914. The last Berlin horse omnibus ran on 25 August 1923. Some horse buses remain in use today for tourist sightseeing tours.
320:
in 1826, using two spring-suspended carriages, each for 16 passengers. Following success in Nantes, Baudry moved to Paris and founded the
Enterprise des Omnibus on rue de Lancre, with workshops on the quai de Jemmapes. In 1827 he commissioned an English coach-maker,
400:. On London omnibuses, the introduction of the clerestory roof in 1847, to provide more headroom inside, allowed the provision of a longitudinal seat on the upper deck. Outside fares were, like stage coaches, cheaper than for travelling inside.
308:
340:
had them combined into a single company, the
Compagnie générale des omnibus, with a monopoly on Paris public transportation. Beginning in 1873, they were gradually replaced by tramways, and, beginning in 1906, by the
389:. Four services were provided in each direction daily. Shillibeer's success prompted many competitors to enter the market, and for a time buses were referred to as 'Shillibeers'. Shillibeer built another bus for the
241:
Though it is undisputed that the term arose with
Stanislas Baudry's company, there is no record of any Omnès hatter living in that street. In 1892, the son of Baudry's bookkeeper wrote in the
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450:(Berlin Bus Concession Company) started its first horse-bus line. The growing market experienced the launch of numerous additional companies, with 36 bus companies in Berlin by 1864.
329:
continually on the verge of bankruptcy, and in despair, Baudry committed suicide in
February 1830. Baudry's partners reorganized the company and managed to keep it in business.
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290:. It was quite popular until fares were increased and access to the service was restricted to high society members by regulation. Services ceased after 15 years.
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492:
From the beginning of the twentieth century the remaining horse buses which had not been converted to rail began to be replaced by petrol-driven motor
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182:-driven, they would usually accommodate four to six passengers inside, with room for luggage (and sometimes additional seating) on the roof.
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cable-drawn cars in some larger cities, as still exist in San
Francisco, the underground cable being driven by stationary steam engines.
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418:
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1837:
264:, by Christopher William Terry, described an omnibus as having longitudinal seats in rows with either a rear door or side doors.
316:
The Paris omnibus was started in 1828 by a businessman named
Stanislas Baudry, who had begun the first French omnibus line in
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1842:
805:
676:
Capturing the
Horizon: Historical Geography of Transportation Since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century
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273:
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and still exist in many cities today, though often having been replaced by the less infrastructure intensive motorbus.
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253:(White ladies), a name which, critics told him, made no sense. He then replied, with the Latin word: "Then, these are
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cars!" (cars for all). The name caught on immediately. Other stories about the name origin quickly spread out.
345:, or motor bus. The last horse-drawn Paris omnibus ran on 11 January 1913, from Saint-Sulpice to La Villette.
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218:, promoted by the French Transportations Museum website, says the name is derived from a hatter's shop of the
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with or without a top, but with an arrangement of the seats similar to horse-drawn omnibuses, was called a
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446:. It was run by Israel Moses Henoch, who had organized the cab service since 1815. On 1 January 1847, the
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or LGOC was founded to amalgamate and regulate the horse-drawn omnibus services then operating in London.
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by
Stanislas Baudry in 1823. "Omnes Omnibus" was a pun on the Latin-sounding name of that hatter Omnès:
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874:"New York Transit Museum - Teacher Resource Center - History of Public Transportation in New York City"
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The public transport system of Berlin is the oldest one in Germany. In 1825 the first bus line from
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166:. On the upper deck, which was uncovered, the longitudinal benches were arranged back to back.
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238:. Thence, the legend concludes, Nantes citizens gave the nickname of Omnibus to the vehicle.
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762:"Thomas Tilling 1825-1893 and Thomas Tilling Ltd. 1897-1969 - Local Transport History"
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From the end of the 1820s, the first horse-drawn omnibuses ran in the streets of
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Motor Body-building in all its Branches, Christopher William Terry, 1914, p. 6
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1820:‡ indicates vehicles that were used historically in public transport services
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dozen miles, many systems needed ten or more horses in stable for each bus.
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near London; this had a total of 25 seats, and entered history as the first
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By 1845, 13 companies in Paris operated 20 or 23 omnibus lines. In 1855,
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in 1824. His pioneering idea was to offer a service where, unlike with a
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another type of horse-drawn passenger carriage for longer distances
438:. The first bus service inside the city operated from 1840 between
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http://www.ceciliengaerten-berlin.de/web/zeitrahmen/1800_1899.html
598:(in French). French transportations Museum Website. Archived from
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The term 'omnibus' carried over to motor vehicles. The 1914 book
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837:Ă–ffentliche Nahverkehrspolitik in Berlin und Paris 1839 bis 1914
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663:(Vol IV ed.). London: Charles Knight. 1848. p. 676.
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Buses have been used on the streets of London since 1829.
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had a simpler origin. Baudry used to call his horsecars
927:
Local Transport Histories > The Horse Bus 1662–1932
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or autobus, the later motorized multi-person vehicle
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
934:Omnibuses and cabs : Their origin and history
352:George Shillibeer's first London omnibus, 1829
243:Bulletin de la Société archéologique de Nantes
956:
8:
661:The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge
963:
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448:Concessionierte Berliner Omnibus Compagnie
434:was opened by Simon Kremser, running to a
276:(known as a "Carriage" at that time) were
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
590:
588:
297:opened the first bus line in Britain in
222:in front of the first station opened in
740:. London: London Transport. p. 6.
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262:Motor Body-building in all its Branches
27:Horse-drawn passenger transport vehicle
693:
488:Preserved 1857 horse bus in Copenhagen
230:(nominative plural) meaning "all" and
581:. Aylesbury, Bucks.: Shire Books Lts.
234:(dative plural) meaning "for all" in
158:transport before the introduction of
7:
60:adding citations to reliable sources
776:"From omnibus to ecobus, 1829–1850"
626:. E.&F.N. Spon Limited, London.
138:Horse-drawn omnibus in London, 1902
596:"Histoire générale des transports"
554:Héron de Villefosse, René (1959).
173:A private omnibus or "station bus"
150:was a large, enclosed, and sprung
25:
579:Discovering Horse-Drawn Carriages
537:Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris
863:Cecilengarten Berlin: Zeitrahmen
36:
47:needs additional citations for
876:. 9 March 2016. Archived from
844:(Walter de Gruyter), Seite 103
413:London General Omnibus Company
1:
937:(1902) by Henry Charles Moore
468:Horsebus in Copenhagen, 1907
806:"Simon Kremser (1775-1851)"
394:Newington Academy for Girls
1864:
1769:Equestrian use of roadways
738:The Horse Bus as a Vehicle
411:services, and in 1855 the
1818:
640:(in French). Herodote.net
638:"Le temps de révolutions"
900:"Riding on a knifeboard"
810:www.textagentur-grimm.de
706:HĂ©ron de Villefosse 1959
674:Vance, James E. (1986).
1838:Animal-powered vehicles
1764:Museums and collections
1635:Whippletree/double tree
859:9 November 2014 at the
780:London Transport Museum
736:Lee, Charles E (1974).
650:Retrieved 13 June 2008.
535:Fierro, Alfred (1996).
312:A Paris omnibus in 1828
210:form of the Latin word
1615:Swingletree/singletree
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985:carriages and coaches
723:knowledgeoflondon.com
696:, pp. 1031–1032.
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279:carrosses Ă cinq sols
172:
137:
1843:Horse transportation
1587:Vehicle construction
1567:Trolley and lift van
1407:Limbers and caissons
972:Horse-drawn vehicles
719:"The London Omnibus"
577:Smith, D.J. (1974).
56:improve this article
1600:Front axle assembly
1285:carriages and carts
1205:Runabout (carriage)
910:on 2 December 2012.
678:. Harper & Row.
512:Horse-drawn vehicle
457:, facilitating the
164:double-decker buses
152:horse-drawn vehicle
148:horse-drawn omnibus
18:Horse-drawn omnibus
1472:Two-wheeled calash
816:on 9 February 2023
558:. Bernard Grasset.
539:. Robert Laffont.
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343:omnibus automobile
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1175:Marathon carriage
556:Histoire de Paris
444:Potsdamer Bahnhof
428:Brandenburger Tor
358:George Shillibeer
323:George Shillibeer
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16:(Redirected from
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1800:Carriage museums
1137:Horsebus/Omnibus
1121:Hackney carriage
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272:The first known
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432:Charlottenburg
405:Thomas Tilling
295:John Greenwood
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73: –
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67:Find sources:
61:
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51:
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45:This article
43:
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33:
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19:
1754:Driving club
1653:Bearing rein
1595:Coachbuilder
1397:Jaunting car
1330:Chasse-marée
1136:
1116:Four-in-hand
983:Four-wheeled
932:
926:
908:the original
903:
894:
882:. Retrieved
878:the original
868:
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842:Google Books
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818:. Retrieved
814:the original
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788:. Retrieved
784:the original
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644:16 September
642:. Retrieved
632:
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606:16 September
604:. Retrieved
600:the original
578:
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529:Bibliography
491:
479:
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459:march uptown
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338:Napoleon III
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293:In Britain,
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282:launched by
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220:Omnes family
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112:October 2013
109:
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92:
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78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1749:Draft horse
1688:Horse brass
1630:Wheelwright
1605:Hammercloth
1503:Sled/sleigh
1496:Non-wheeled
1437:Sprung cart
1283:Two-wheeled
1232:State coach
1226:Stage wagon
1190:Post chaise
694:Fierro 1996
383:Somers Town
286:in 1662 in
1832:Categories
1778:Categories
1625:Wainwright
1532:Chuckwagon
1391:Hansom cab
1220:Stagecoach
1195:Road Coach
1169:Mail coach
820:1 February
564:References
522:Stagecoach
398:school bus
363:Paddington
303:stagecoach
299:Manchester
82:newspapers
71:"Horsebus"
1785:Carriages
1734:Postilion
1668:Breeching
1610:Shaft bow
1412:Ralli car
1298:Cape cart
1292:Cabriolet
1274:Wagonette
1264:Vis-Ă -vis
1249:Tarantass
1180:Park Drag
1091:Dos-Ă -dos
1085:Diligence
1057:Charabanc
1027:Buckboard
976:carriages
436:timetable
409:horse bus
387:City Road
197:Etymology
191:wagonette
156:passenger
154:used for
144:horse-bus
1724:Coachman
1658:Blinders
1442:Stanhope
1345:Curricle
1323:Quadriga
1259:Victoria
1210:Sociable
1200:Rockaway
1154:Karozzin
1143:Horsecar
1063:Clarence
1047:Carryall
1022:Brougham
1002:Barouche
884:18 March
857:Archived
500:See also
407:started
403:In 1850
375:New Road
373:via the
180:coachman
1744:Driving
1729:Footman
1717:Related
1683:Crupper
1645:Harness
1562:Trolley
1524:drayage
1508:Travois
1487:Whiskey
1482:Volante
1467:Tumbrel
1457:Tilbury
1350:Dogcart
1340:Croydon
1308:Chariot
1185:Phaeton
1159:Kibitka
1101:Droshky
1042:Cariole
1017:Britzka
268:History
255:omnibus
247:omnibus
232:omnibus
212:omnibus
208:clipped
96:scholar
1810:Images
1759:Tandem
1739:Livery
1703:Terret
1698:Saddle
1678:Collar
1673:Bridle
1557:Telega
1513:Troika
1402:Kalesa
1375:Gharry
1335:Cidomo
1244:Surrey
1237:Gilded
1164:Landau
1149:Jingle
1132:Herdic
1127:Hearse
1106:Fiacre
1052:Chaise
1037:Calash
1007:Berlin
790:3 July
744:
543:
391:Quaker
369:, and
365:, The
318:Nantes
224:Nantes
216:legend
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1790:Carts
1708:Trace
1693:Lines
1577:Wagon
1572:Vardo
1552:Lorry
1547:Float
1452:Tanga
1447:Sulky
1432:Sjees
1365:Float
1355:Dokar
1318:Triga
1269:Vozok
1254:Triga
1080:Coupé
1068:Coach
1032:Buggy
1012:Brake
997:Bandy
992:Araba
494:buses
377:(now
288:Paris
245:that
236:Latin
228:omnes
206:is a
187:wagon
103:JSTOR
89:books
1462:Trap
1422:Shay
1370:Gari
1360:Ekka
1313:Biga
1303:Cart
1096:Drag
974:and
886:2022
822:2013
792:2007
742:ISBN
646:2010
608:2010
541:ISBN
442:and
385:and
371:Bank
214:. A
75:news
1381:Gig
1111:Fly
506:Bus
430:to
381:),
203:Bus
146:or
58:by
1834::
902:.
808:.
778:.
721:.
684:^
587:^
461:.
193:.
142:A
1393:‡
1377:‡
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964:e
957:t
950:v
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725:.
648:.
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549:.
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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