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whose walls were covered with black slate plates, decorated with graceful arabesques executed in gold leaf; and finally I saw a third room, the floor of which was made up of alabaster segments, framed by glass pastegreens. In the walls of it were all around various jets of water one metre away from each other, which had to cross in various ways, with extraordinary light effect. All these things were discovered in
November 1875.
26:
169:
limit was probably the ancient via
Labicana, roughly corresponding to the current via Principe Eugenio. Otherwise, towards the valley between the Esquiline and the Caelian the boundaries remain uncertain: perhaps the Horti Lamiani were limited to the south and east by the ancient road at the bottom of the valley, which remains nameless, today traced from the current via Labicana and viale Manzoni.
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347:) which prove emperor's ownership. The hundreds of fragments of painted plaster and precious decorative materials, date the imperial residence and are extremely refined, and the new sector is related to the complex discovered by Lanciani by decorative marble elements identical to those unearthed in the nineteenth century.
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I saw a gallery seventy-nine metres long (a cryptoporticus), the floor of which was made up of the rarest and most expensive varieties of alabaster and the ceiling supported by twenty-four fluted columns of antique yellow, resting on gilded bases; I saw another room, paved with slabs of peacock eyes,
289:
Other important sculptural finds connected with the gardens are the so-called
Ephedrismòs (in the Capitoline Museums) from the Piazza Dante and the statues at the Centrale Montemartini from the thermal complex of via Ariosto. The statues became dispersed in various museums and their exact provenance
179:
The Villa
Palombara was built in 1620 in the ancient Horti Lamiani near the modern Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II of which the Porta Magica remains as the only vestiges. The palace was destroyed between 1882 and 1887, together with the nearby villas Altieri and Astalli to make way for the construction
296:
Excavations in 2005–6 took place during the construction of metro line A in the gardens of Piazza
Vittorio Emanuele II. and identified a building nucleus of about 160 m and about 50 m north of the crytoporticus complex. These are datable between the end of the 1st century BC and the middle of the
168:
Using the known location of the gardens of
Maecenas astride the Servian Walls, the boundaries of the Horti Lamiani can be reconstructed: their western border ran along the ancient Via Merulana almost coinciding with the vicolo di S. Matteo (today no longer existing); to the north, the topographic
244:
noticed ancient remains in building works in the area and found beautiful sculptures in subsequent excavations he organised. Decorations of the complex included frescoes, architectural elements in coloured marbles, and innumerable gilt-bronze sheets with inset gemstones. He reported:
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The villa and gardens were scenically divided into pavilions and terraces adapted to the landscape, on a model of
Hellenistic tradition. They were eventually filled with exceptional works of art, from original ancient Greek sculptures to exquisite frescoes and marble floors.
176:(193–235), when it had become the emperor's private property as shown by a stamped lead water pipe. By the 4th c. the gardens were no longer in use as evidenced by the statuary found broken in pieces and used in the foundations of a number of spas.
643:
Maddalena Cima and
Eugenio La Rocca (edited by), The quiet abodes of the gods: the imperial residence of the Horti Lamiani , catalog of the exhibition (Rome, May-September 1986), Venice, Marsilio, 1986, ISBN 88-7693-022- 1 . Tab in Open
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Plan of excavations (Lanciani 1901) with the red box indicating the ENPAM building and museum. 1: Cryptoporticus with opus sectile floor 2: underground rooms where many sculptures were found 3-6: Thermal
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Silvio Strano, Nuevas consideraciones en torno a la
Cleopatra del Esquilino de la Centrale Montemartini de Roma, UniversitĂ Roma Tre OBSERVAR 2008. 2, 62-95 ISSN: 1988-5105 www.odas.es/site/magazine.php
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techniques have uncovered the types of plants that the garden would have contained in Roman times. Evidence has been found for the existence of pear, apple and olive trees, ornamental shrubs such as
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visited the horti in 40 AD and accompanied
Caligula inspecting the elaborate residence and ordering rooms to be made more sumptuous. Caligula was briefly buried at the site.
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The unity of the archaeological context was recreated for the exhibition "The quiet abodes of the gods" in 1986 based on the archives of Lanciani and on municipal deposits.
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634:
HÄUBER CH., “The old finds (before 1870)”, in Tranquille dimore 1986: 167-172. HÄUBER CH., “The new findings (after 1870)”, in Tranquille dimore 1986: 173-200.
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allowed the rich owner and his court to live in isolated comfort, away from the hectic life of the city but close to it. A fundamental feature of the
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M. Barbera et al. La villa di Caligola, Un nuovo settore degli Horti Lamiani scoperto sotto la sede dell’ENPAM a Roma, The Journal of Fasti Online,
300:
Between 2006 and 2009 excavations found unknown areas of the Horti Lamiani under the future ENPAM building, where Lanciani had documented the long
146:
loved the place so much he established his residence there and further developed the property. In an evocative eyewitness account, the philosopher
138:(Roman consul in 3 AD) who developed the property at the end of the 1st c. BC. He seems to have bequeathed the property to his friend the emperor
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A collapse of land had revealed an underground chamber (cryptoporticus) full of statues. The first to appear was a semi-colossal head of
61:, and they soon became imperial property. They are of exceptional historical-topographical importance. Along with other ancient Roman
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The first discoveries took place in the 16th century, and finds of beautiful statues such as a Roman copy of the ancient Greek
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Masi, Alessia; Vignola, Cristiano; Lazzara, Alessandro; Moricca, Claudia; Serlorenzi, Mirella; Ferrandes, Antonio F. (2023).
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41:) was a luxurious complex consisting of an ancient Roman villa with large gardens and outdoor rooms. It was located on the
107:, which were the largest and richest in the Roman world at that time. In the 3rd century AD the total number of gardens (
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were unearthed and which are now in museums. It became clear that the statues were in many cases artistic masterpieces.
119:
was the large quantity of water necessary for the rich vegetation and for the functioning of the numerous fountains and
111:) occupied about a tenth of Rome and formed a green belt around the centre. As pleasure gardens with small palaces, the
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and Esquiline hills, they were discovered during the construction work for the expansion of Rome at the end of 1800s.
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Parts of the complex of the Horti Lamiani were brought to light in these excavations but were quickly re-buried.
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3rd century AD and involve successive modifications of rooms around a mosaic-paved corridor and their repaving.
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started the fashion of building luxurious garden-palaces in the 1st century BC with the construction of his
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La villa di Caligola: Un nuovo settore degli Horti Lamiani scoperto sotto la sede dell'ENPAM a Roma
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with an alabaster floor and precious wall decorations, punctuated by columns in precious yellow
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was lost, but in recent years their provenance has been painstakingly reconstructed by Häuber.
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The land for the Horti Lamiani was originally a cemetery just outside the ancient
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as Hercules bordered by tritons and the various parts of the complex allegory
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of Alexander (known as the Trophies of Marius), by stamped water pipes (
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the busts of two Tritons on whose hair traces of gilding were preserved
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Rodolfo Lanciani, Charm of Ancient Rome, Rome, Quasar, 1986, p. 156
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preparing to enter the bathroom by tying a ribbon around her hair.
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marble floor, part of the "Alabaster floor" (Capitoline Museum)
258:, crowned with ivy and corymbs and eventually others appeared:
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Ephedrismos (Ancient Greek original, Capitoline Museum)
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Esquiline Venus, Horti Lamiani (Centrale Montemartini)
754:(London: Oxford University Press) 1929: Horti Lamiani
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Painting of a poet, 50-100 AD (Centrale Montemartini)
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The museum is centred on a Roman hall attributed to
80:The Museo Ninfeo has recently opened on the site.
764:- Report of archaeological excavation (2006-2009)
142:, and it became imperial state property. Emperor
758:La villa di Caligola. un nuovo settore degli
8:
163:procurator hortorum Lamianorum et Maianorum
751:A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
653:S. Barrano; D. Colli; M. Teresa Martines.
555:A topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome
528:Philo: Legatio ad Gaium (Embassy to Gaius)
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172:The property survived until at least the
762:scoperto sotto la sede dell'ENPAM a Roma
749:(LacusCurtius.com) Samuel Ball Platner'
557:, Oxford University Press, 1929, p. 269.
415:Commodus as Hercules (Capitoline Museum)
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45:in Rome, in the area around the present
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700:Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
655:Un nuovo settore degli Horti Lamiani
312:marble with bases in gilded stucco.
553:Samuel Ball Platner; Thomas Ashby.
125:eleven large aqueducts of the city
103:between the Quirinal, Viminal and
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262:the semi-extended body of Bacchus
157:and the Gardens of Maiani. Under
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339:(222–235), who built the nearby
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680:Mariarosaria Barbera et al.,
403:Dionysius (Capitoline Museum)
444:Woman in chiton (Capitoline)
367:Aldobrandini Marriage fresco
192:Discobolus (Palazzo Massimo)
542:The Lives of Twelve Caesars
507:"The Museum - Museo Ninfeo"
53:were created by the consul
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709:10.1007/s00334-023-00960-y
593:http://www.fastionline.org
315:Studies of the site using
278:the beautiful statue of
268:the magnificent bust of
47:Piazza Vittorio Emanuele
810:Ancient gardens in Rome
744:Capitoline Museums site
127:reached the Esquiline.
379:Niobids (villa Medici)
355:Works from the horti:
218:, the thirteen Medici
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57:, a friend of Emperor
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668:"FASTI - All Records"
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134:but was purchased by
29:Horti of ancient Rome
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275:two statues of Muses
240:In the 19th century
227:Laocoön and His Sons
786:41.8945°N 12.5047°E
782: /
589:http://www.aiac.org
155:Gardens of Maecenas
136:Lucius Aelius Lamia
55:Lucius Aelius Lamia
544:: Life of Caligula
235:Nozze Aldobrandini
224:(a variant of the
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101:Gardens of Sallust
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789: /
468:Capital in
230:), and the
184:Excavations
804:Categories
777:12°30′17″E
774:41°53′40″N
725:19 January
493:References
215:Discobolus
538:Suetonius
391:Bacchante
341:nymphaeum
820:Caligula
607:XV, 7333
569:VI 8668.
481:See also
270:Commodus
159:Claudius
144:Caligula
140:Tiberius
121:nymphaea
89:Lucullus
67:Quirinal
59:Tiberius
644:Library
351:Gallery
256:Bacchus
221:Niobids
95:on the
93:gardens
84:History
71:Viminal
65:on the
232:fresco
49:. The
472:with
325:Taxus
321:Buxus
148:Philo
117:horti
113:horti
109:horti
63:horti
51:horti
21:baths
727:2024
323:and
33:The
714:hdl
704:doi
605:CIL
595:p 8
567:CIL
165:).
806::
712:.
702:.
698:.
591:;
540:,
69:,
729:.
716::
706::
670:.
37:(
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