300:. When pursuing prey, they emit a higher pitched howl, vibrating on two notes. When closing in on their prey, they emit a combination of a short bark and a howl. When howling together, wolves harmonize rather than chorus on the same note, thus creating the illusion of there being more wolves than there actually are. Lone wolves typically avoid howling in areas where other packs are present. Wolves from different geographic locations may howl in different fashions: the howls of European wolves are much more protracted and melodious than those of North American wolves, whose howls are louder and have a stronger emphasis on the first syllable.
474:, one of the characters, Niceros, tells a story at a banquet about a friend who turned into a wolf (chs. 61–62). He describes the incident as follows, "When I look for my buddy I see he'd stripped and piled his clothes by the roadside... He pees in a circle round his clothes and then, just like that, turns into a wolf!... after he turned into a wolf he started howling and then ran off into the woods." Such depictions have become a staple of modern depictions of werewolves and other monstrous dogs, leading to their central position in media such as
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79:. Howls are lengthy sustained sounds, loud and audible over long distances, often with some variation in pitch over the length of the sound. Howling is generally used by animals that engage in this behavior to signal their positions to one another, to call the pack to assemble, or to note their territory. The behavior is occasionally copied by humans, and has been noted to have varying degrees of significance in human culture.
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calls include lone howls and group howls, as well as the previously mentioned group yip howls. The lone howl is the most iconic sound of the coyote and may serve the purpose of announcing the presence of a lone individual separated from its pack. Group howls are used as both substitute group yip howls and as responses to either lone howls, group howls, or group yip howls.
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In coyotes, "bark howls" may serve as both long-distance threat vocalizations and alarm calls. The sound known as 'wow-oo-wow' has been described as a "greeting song". The group yip howl is emitted when two or more pack members reunite and may be the final act of a complex greeting ceremony. Contact
295:
Howling consists of a fundamental frequency that may lie between 150 and 780 Hz, and consists of up to 12 harmonically related overtones. The pitch usually remains constant or varies smoothly and may change direction as many as four or five times. Howls used for calling pack mates to a kill are
264:
Wolves howl to assemble the pack usually before and after hunts, to pass on an alarm particularly at a den site, to locate each other during a storm, while crossing unfamiliar territory, and to communicate across great distances. Under certain conditions, wolf howls can be heard over areas of up to
496:
The howling of wolves has been described as "perhaps the most evocative sound of any wild creature", alternately beautiful and dismal, and consequently recordings of howling have sometimes been incorporated into music. Although wolves howling at the Moon is a myth, it is also one that has made its
421:, which helps them make their loud vocalizations. Group males generally call at dawn and dusk, as well as interspersed times throughout the day. Their main vocals consist of loud, deep, guttural growls or "howls". Howler monkeys are widely considered to be the loudest land animals. According to
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The vocal repertoire of the fox, though substantial, includes fewer howling behaviors. At the age of about one month, fox kits can emit a high-pitched howl as an explosive call intended to be threatening to intruders or other cubs.
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to turn himself into a wolf. An examination of Virgil's work notes that "he howling of wolves is portentous; it is cited among the baleful omens at the assassination of Julius Caesar and the advent of renewed civil strife". In
303:
One variation of the howl is accompanied by a high pitched whine, which precedes a lunging attack. Scent marking is more effective at advertising territory than howling and is often used in combination with scratch marks.
425:, their vocalizations can be heard clearly for 3 mi (4.8 km). The function of howling is thought to relate to intergroup spacing and territory protection, as well as possibly to mate-guarding.
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1811:
311:, written by a local priest, noted that the "wolves" encountered there were smaller and less daring than European wolves. Another account from the early 1800s in
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Human accounts of wolf behavior are typified by depictions of howling, and this has been incorporated into fictional and mythical representations, such as the
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130 km (50 sq mi). The phases of the moon have no effect on wolf vocalization, and despite popular belief, wolves do not howl at the
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The howling of wolves and coyotes is similar, prompting early
European explorers of the Americas to confuse the animals. One record from 1750 in
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followed by a mournful howl – dog is relatively isolated, locked away with no companionship, calling for company or a response from another dog.
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The long-distance howling of wolves and coyotes is one way in which canines communicate. Long-distance contact calls are common in
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261:, typically in the form of either barks (termed "pulse trains") or howls (termed "long acoustic streams").
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Howling about the Land: Religion, Social Space, and Wolf
Reintroduction in the Southwestern United States
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862:
J.A. Cohen & M.W. Fox (1976). "Vocalizations in Wild Canids and
Possible Effects of Domestication".
1361:. Translated by R. Bracht Branham & Daniel Kinney. Berkeley: University of California. p. 56.
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Wolf howls are generally indistinguishable from those of large dogs. Male wolves give voice through an
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292:". Pups almost never howl, while yearling wolves produce howls ending in a series of dog-like yelps.
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Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears)
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P.N. Lehner (1978). "Coyote vocalizations: a lexicon and comparisons with other canids".
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1827:
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Life-histories of northern animals : an account of the mammals of
Manitoba part II
835:
Robert L. Robbins (Oct 2000). "Vocal
Communication in Free-Ranging African Wild Dogs".
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656:"Why people in the US have started howling at night during the coronavirus pandemic"
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455:, wrote about a man called Moeris, who used herbs and poisons picked in his native
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is also noted for behavior characterized as howling. As their name suggests, vocal
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Howling – indicates the dog is present, or indicating that this is its territory.
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612:
National
Research Council (US) Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (1996).
563:
493:. Howling by humans has historically been associated with wildness and madness.
359:
includes specific types of howls that have been identified in dogs, including:
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H. McCarley (1975). "Long distance vocalization of coyotes (Canis latrans)".
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1564:
1156:
Lehner, Philip N. (1978). "Coyote
Communication". In Bekoff, M. (ed.).
1053:
802:
732:
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Baying – can be heard during tracking to call pack-mates to the quarry.
258:
60:
1402:
Wolf
Almanac, New and Revised: A Celebration Of Wolves And Their World
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mentioned wolves howling at night, though these were likely coyotes.
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Wild
Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation
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37:
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934:(2nd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 482–510.
623:
615:
Read "Guide for the Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals" at NAP.edu
530:
461:
432:
388:
64:
36:
552:"The Information Content of Wolf (and Dog) Social Communication"
266:
68:
1511:
1301:
Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute
930:. In Feldhamer, G. A.; Thompson, B. C.; Chapman, J. A. (eds.).
349:
Dog howling to indicate that it is present or in its territory.
1608:
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72:
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long, smooth sounds similar to the beginning of the cry of a
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89:
30:
This article is about the vocalization. For other uses, see
550:
Faragó, Tamás; Townsend, Simon; Range, Friederike (2014).
589:"Hunting is Altering the Evolution of Yellowstone Wolves"
1507:
1187:
1185:
1080:
1078:
707:"Howling as a Means of Communication in Timber Wolves"
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2227:
2144:
2009:
1964:
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1008:. Science Publishers, Inc. USA. pp. 164–270.
705:John B. Theberge & J. Bruce Falls (May 1967).
437:Painting of howling wolves by Ochir Kikeev (1988)
1253:Tembrock, Günter (1976). "Canid vocalizations".
1127:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 33–34.
1232:(2nd ed.). London: Batsford. p. 21.
1160:. New York: Academic Press. pp. 127–162.
497:way into human imagery of wolves, as with the
1523:
1464:Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi, eds. (2003).
8:
363:Yip-howl – lonely, in need of companionship.
1467:Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation
1096:
284:", while females produce a modulated nasal
1530:
1516:
1508:
1158:Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management
417:. They each have an enlarged basihyal or
722:
1487:The Wolf: His Place in the Natural World
980:
978:
818:"Probing Question: Why do coyotes howl?"
1339:Fratantuono, Lee (September 23, 2019).
1002:V.G. Heptner & N.P. Naumov (1998).
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119:
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969:
959:(paper) – via www.academia.edu.
337:playfully howling with his dog, Yuki.
7:
681:"Why do we howl? An expert explains"
55:seen in most canines, particularly
922:Paquet, P.; Carbyn, L. W. (2003).
816:Charles Fergus (15 January 2007).
25:
413:forms an important part of their
2305:
2296:
2295:
1428:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
342:
326:
248:Problems playing this file? See
231:
204:Problems playing this file? See
189:
185:Pack of coyotes howling at night
162:Problems playing this file? See
147:
120:Problems playing this file? See
105:
1470:. University of Chicago Press.
1449:. J. M. Dent and Sons Limited.
1121:Hoffmeister, Donald F. (2002).
593:News Radio 1310 AM and 96.1 FM
587:Colley, Bill (29 April 2022).
423:Guinness Book of World Records
1:
991:. Scribner. pp. 749–788.
487:, and the 2015 British film,
1267:10.1016/0376-6357(76)90007-3
876:10.1016/0376-6357(76)90008-5
760:10.1016/0003-3472(78)90138-0
2158:List of longest-living dogs
564:10.1007/978-94-007-7414-8_4
556:Biocommunication of Animals
2353:
2131:Origin of the domestic dog
2029:Breed-specific legislation
1870:Psychiatric assistance dog
29:
2337:Dog training and behavior
2291:
576:– via Researchgate.
470:, written circa AD 60 by
1443:Lopez, Barry H. (1978).
1407:Rowman & Littlefield
957:"Ojkanje - wolf singing"
481:, the 2012 Korean film,
405:Outside of canines, the
32:Howling (disambiguation)
2273:List of individual dogs
2268:Domesticated silver fox
1860:Mobility assistance dog
1424:Coren, Stanley (2012).
1097:Mech & Boitani 2003
905:Gavin Van Horn (2008).
849:10.1163/156853900501926
472:Gaius Petronius Arbiter
42:Gray wolves communicate
2278:List of fictional dogs
1592:Livestock guardian dog
438:
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220:
178:
136:
94:
45:
1946:Search and rescue dog
1399:Busch, R. H. (2007).
1297:"Black howler monkey"
1255:Behavioural Processes
1063:on September 24, 2015
985:Seton, E. T. (1909).
864:Behavioural Processes
449:, in his poetic work
436:
392:
219:
177:
135:
93:
40:
2001:Dog–cat relationship
1848:Medical response dog
1493:. pp. 217–218.
1485:Zimen, Erik (1981).
1341:"The Wolf in Virgil"
1228:Lloyd, H.G. (1981).
1029:Mech, D. L. (1974).
395:black howler monkeys
276:, passing to a deep
227:Howler monkey growls
75:and some species of
53:animal communication
1792:List of crossbreeds
1555:African village dog
1124:Mammals of Illinois
724:10.1093/icb/7.2.331
526:Roar (vocalization)
309:Kaskaskia, Illinois
143:Wolves rallying cry
51:is a vocal form of
711:American Zoologist
660:The Indian Express
439:
403:
280:with a stress on "
221:
179:
137:
95:
46:
2319:
2318:
2199:Rabies in animals
2126:Human–canine bond
1704:Bull-type terrier
1500:978-0-285-62411-5
1477:978-0-226-51696-7
1456:978-0-7432-4936-2
1446:Of Wolves and Men
1416:978-1-59921-069-8
1167:978-1-930665-42-2
1134:978-0-252-07083-9
1038:Mammalian Species
955:Pavlovic, Goran.
924:"Ch23: Gray wolf
843:(10): 1271–1298.
633:978-0-309-05377-8
573:978-94-007-7413-1
385:In howler monkeys
357:Dog communication
335:Lyndon B. Johnson
238:
194:
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110:
16:(Redirected from
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2076:Dogs in religion
1939:usage by country
1560:Free-ranging dog
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1426:How To Speak Dog
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1405:(3rd ed.).
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687:. April 25, 2020
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399:Alouatta caraya
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1381:Garry Marvin,
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1303:. 4 April 2016
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2283:Lists of dogs
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1328:. p. 98.
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1098:
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1087:, p. 38.
1086:
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1032:
1031:"Canis lupus"
1025:
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1015:1-886106-81-9
1011:
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972:, p. 59.
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941:0-8018-7416-5
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911:(PhD thesis).
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411:communication
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407:howler monkey
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71:, as well as
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39:
33:
19:
2209:Reproduction
2179:Conformation
2121:Fear of dogs
2071:Dog grooming
2064:2007 recalls
2049:Dog fighting
1996:Intelligence
1988:
1909:Fighting dog
1889:Carriage dog
1812:Most popular
1769:Turnspit dog
1577:Hairless dog
1486:
1466:
1445:
1425:
1401:
1393:Bibliography
1382:
1377:
1358:
1349:
1334:
1324:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1261:(1): 57–75.
1258:
1254:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1157:
1151:
1123:
1116:
1104:
1092:
1065:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1037:
1024:
1004:
997:
987:
965:
950:
931:
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917:
907:
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870:(1): 77–92.
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689:. Retrieved
684:
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664:. Retrieved
662:. 2020-04-10
659:
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614:
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596:. Retrieved
592:
582:
555:
545:
516:Bark (sound)
495:
488:
482:
476:
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401:) vocalising
398:
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317:
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294:
289:
281:
271:
263:
256:
48:
47:
27:Animal sound
18:Howl (sound)
2219:Vaccination
2116:Dog walking
2086:Dog licence
2059:dog biscuit
2044:Dog daycare
2034:Cynanthropy
2012:interaction
1865:Therapy dog
1853:Seizure dog
1843:Hearing dog
1604:Hunting dog
1582:Herding dog
1307:12 February
1230:The red fox
1040:(37): 1–6.
928:and allies"
926:Canis lupus
754:: 712–722.
477:The Howling
2326:Categories
2111:Dog sports
1934:Police dog
1879:Attack dog
1833:Autism dog
1802:Crossbreed
1685:Sighthound
1663:Scenthound
1570:Street dog
1216:Coren 2012
1204:Coren 2012
1192:Coren 2012
1109:Zimen 1981
1085:Lopez 1978
970:Busch 2007
691:2023-02-18
666:2023-02-18
598:2023-02-18
558:. Fig. 4.
537:References
419:hyoid bone
393:A pair of
250:media help
206:media help
164:media help
122:media help
83:In canines
44:by howling
2106:Dog theft
2010:Human–dog
1929:Mercy dog
1914:Guard dog
1894:Catch dog
1838:Guide dog
1714:Schnauzer
1673:Coonhound
1651:Water dog
1636:Retriever
1597:Sheep dog
1355:Petronius
1283:205107627
837:Behaviour
783:J. Mammal
467:Satyricon
2301:Category
2229:Training
2189:Dog food
2184:Diseases
2169:Breeding
2101:Dog show
2096:Dog park
2091:Dog meat
2054:Dog food
2039:Dog bite
1966:Behavior
1951:Sled dog
1924:Meat dog
1709:Pinscher
1678:Foxhound
1359:Satyrica
1357:(1996).
1325:Eclogues
1275:24923545
1176:52626838
1143:50649299
892:35037680
884:24923546
768:53185718
642:25121211
521:Growling
505:See also
452:Eclogues
443:werewolf
286:baritone
2261:Related
2237:Clicker
2164:Anatomy
2136:Therapy
2024:Baiting
1989:Howling
1979:Barking
1956:War dog
1919:Lap dog
1884:Bay dog
1757:Toy dog
1728:Bulldog
1723:Mastiff
1699:Terrier
1690:Longdog
1646:Spaniel
1631:Pointer
1626:Gun dog
1619:Lurcher
1565:Pye-dog
1067:June 2,
1054:3503924
803:1379656
733:3881437
484:Howling
259:Canidae
77:monkeys
61:coyotes
49:Howling
2311:Portal
2146:Health
1779:Breeds
1762:Bichon
1668:Basset
1641:Setter
1587:Collie
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464:, the
457:Pontus
447:Virgil
274:octave
67:, and
57:wolves
2154:Aging
1821:Roles
1750:Tugou
1745:Laika
1740:Husky
1735:Spitz
1658:Hound
1614:Feist
1547:Types
1279:S2CID
1061:(PDF)
1050:JSTOR
1034:(PDF)
888:S2CID
799:JSTOR
764:S2CID
729:JSTOR
531:Snarl
462:prose
371:barks
65:foxes
2194:Odor
2174:Coat
1539:Dogs
1495:ISBN
1472:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1383:Wolf
1363:ISBN
1309:2019
1271:PMID
1234:ISBN
1172:OCLC
1162:ISBN
1139:OCLC
1129:ISBN
1069:2015
1010:ISBN
936:ISBN
880:PMID
638:PMID
628:ISBN
568:ISBN
490:Howl
278:bass
267:Moon
73:cats
69:dogs
1609:Cur
1263:doi
1042:doi
872:doi
845:doi
841:137
791:doi
756:doi
719:doi
620:doi
560:doi
2328::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
