353:
345:
369:
361:
2934:
1628:
Phuyal, Subash S.; Garg, Mandeep Kumar MK; Agarwal, Ritesh R; et al. (2015-09-02). "High-Attenuation Mucus
Impaction in Patients With Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: Objective Criteria on High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Correlation With Serologic Parameters".
328:
The above standards were chosen as they are universally available references and suited to the key application for which computed axial tomography was developed: imaging the internal anatomy of living creatures based on organized water structures and mostly living in air,
241:
912:
Samei, Ehsan; Bakalyar, Donovan; Boedeker, Kirsten; Brady, Samuel; Fan, Jiahua; Leng, Shuai; Myers, Kyle; Popescu, Lucretiu; Ramirez-Giraldo, Juan Carlos; Ranallo, Frank; Solomon, Justin; Vaishnav, Jay; Wang, Jia (2019).
1858:
Bolliger, Stephan A.; Oesterhelweg, Lars; Spendlove, Danny; et al. (2009). "Is
Differentiation of Frequently Encountered Foreign Bodies in Corpses Possible by Hounsfield Density Measurement?".
1815:
Rambow A, Staritz M, Wosiewitz U, Mildenburger P, Thelen M, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH (1990). "Analysis of radiolucent gallstones by computed tomography for in vivo estimation of stone components".
161:
1753:
High-Resolution
Computed Tomography of the Paranasal Sinuses and Pharynx and Related Regions: Impact of CT identification on diagnosis and patient management. Volume 12 of Series in Radiology
960:
De Vos, W.; Casselman, J.; Swennen, G.R.J. (June 2009). "Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: A systematic review of the literature".
272:
301:
401:
Exact HU dynamics can vary from one CT acquisition to another due to CT acquisition and reconstruction parameters (kV, filters, reconstruction algorithms, etc.). The use of
1460:
306:
Thus, a change of one
Hounsfield unit (HU) represents a change of 0.1% of the attenuation coefficient of water since the attenuation coefficient of air is nearly zero.
1577:
Gaeta, Michele; Vinci, Sergio; Minutoli, Fabio; et al. (2001). "CT and MRI findings of mucin-containing tumors and pseudotumors of the thorax: pictorial review".
309:
Calibration tests of HU with reference to water and other materials may be done to ensure standardised response. This is particularly important for CT scans used in
154:
920:
320:. Variation in the measured values of reference materials with known composition, and variation between and within slices may be used as part of test procedures.
2608:
2292:
2007:
1461:"Liver abscesses: where do they come from? A review of the main types of liver abscesses and the correlation between their causes and the radiologic findings"
2422:
2434:
1500:
Sasaki, Toru; Miyata, Rie; Hatai, Yoshiho; et al. (2014). "Hounsfield unit values of retropharyngeal abscess-like lesions seen in
Kawasaki disease".
2762:
2034:
2870:
1964:
2400:
2008:
Imaging of deep brain stimulation leads using extended
Hounsfield unit CT. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2009;87(3):155-60. doi: 10.1159/000209296
2405:
936:
866:
2246:
1035:"Comparison of gray values of cone-beam computed tomography with hounsfield units of multislice computed tomography: An in vitro study"
2798:
2677:
2417:
2326:
1947:
1939:
888:
858:
2256:
1990:
1796:
1764:
1735:
1706:
1440:
1351:
1319:
1290:
1014:
896:
125:
72:
2241:
2236:
2119:
2321:
2304:
2682:
2529:
2429:
2412:
1476:
105:
2808:
2662:
2261:
2136:
2128:
2027:
828:
388:
384:
2919:
2853:
2785:
2775:
2753:
2524:
2492:
2123:
313:
2583:
2551:
2534:
2657:
2392:
2132:
2898:
2566:
2556:
380:
236:{\displaystyle HU=1000\times {\frac {\mu -\mu _{\textrm {water}}}{\mu _{\textrm {water}}-\mu _{\textrm {air}}}}}
2937:
2888:
2667:
2546:
2519:
2280:
2065:
2020:
1976:
352:
344:
916:
AAPM Report No. 233: Performance
Evaluation of Computed Tomography Systems - The Report of AAPM Task Group 233
368:
2836:
2672:
2613:
2598:
2487:
2309:
2285:
1646:"Radiologic Criteria for the Diagnosis of High-Attenuation Mucus in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis"
360:
248:
2893:
2707:
2576:
2507:
2314:
277:
2571:
2502:
2368:
2251:
2170:
2077:
852:
2914:
2603:
2541:
2363:
1724:
Hepatology, Principles and
Practice: History, Morphology, Biochemistry, Diagnostics, Clinic, Therapy
882:
815:
with a radiodensity of less than 10 HU is rather fatty in composition and almost certainly a benign
2860:
2738:
2561:
2297:
592:
1311:
2958:
2848:
2697:
2692:
2593:
2476:
2331:
2082:
1891:
1840:
1610:
1533:
1119:
942:
81:
2687:
2652:
2647:
2588:
2336:
2185:
1943:
1883:
1875:
1832:
1792:
1788:
1760:
1731:
1727:
1702:
1698:
1675:
1667:
1602:
1594:
1525:
1517:
1436:
1426:
1409:
1391:
1347:
1315:
1286:
1282:
1229:
1211:
1168:
1160:
1111:
1103:
1064:
1056:
1010:
977:
932:
892:
862:
471:
1756:
1343:
2625:
2514:
2145:
2097:
1972:
1867:
1824:
1657:
1586:
1509:
1468:
1399:
1383:
1219:
1203:
1150:
1095:
1046:
969:
924:
524:
317:
37:
1372:"Efficacy of CT in diagnosis of transudates and exudates in patients with pleural effusion"
1084:"The Hounsfield value for cortical bone geometry in the proximal humerus—an in vitro study"
2723:
2175:
2141:
2114:
2109:
2043:
816:
139:
113:
1997:
914:
1248:
2865:
1828:
1644:
Agarwal, Ritesh; Sehgal, Inderpaul Singh; Dhooria, Sahajal; Aggarwal, Ashutosh (2016).
1404:
1371:
1224:
1191:
402:
2952:
2497:
2466:
2454:
2449:
2207:
2102:
1871:
1207:
946:
812:
377:
1895:
1844:
1614:
1123:
2880:
2733:
2728:
2635:
2459:
2444:
2378:
1552:
1537:
1155:
811:
A practical application of this is in evaluation of tumors, where, for example, an
739:
698:
310:
109:
85:
1983:
1513:
1433:
Multi-Detector CT Imaging: Principles, Head, Neck, and
Vascular Systems, Volume 1
2803:
2358:
2190:
2180:
2160:
2150:
2092:
2087:
2056:
1662:
1645:
1253:
708:
514:
440:
121:
17:
1910:
1139:"Determination of Hounsfield value for CT-based design of custom femoral stems"
973:
2439:
2202:
2197:
2165:
1783:
Givel, Jean-Claude; Merlini, Marco; Clarke, David B.; Dusmet, Michael (2012).
1459:
Sanchez de Medina Alba, P.; Santos Montón, C.; Calvo, N.; et al. (2014).
1192:"Dating of Early Subdural Haematoma: A Correlative Clinico-Radiological Study"
1099:
1033:
Birur, N. Praveen; Patrick, Sanjana; Gurushanth, Keerthi; et al. (2017).
661:
626:
529:
1879:
1785:
Surgery of the Thymus: Pathology, Associated
Disorders and Surgical Technique
1671:
1598:
1521:
1472:
1395:
1215:
1164:
1107:
1060:
1051:
1034:
2766:
2702:
2155:
1083:
718:
1887:
1679:
1606:
1529:
1413:
1387:
1233:
1172:
1138:
1115:
1068:
981:
1836:
1590:
104:
The Hounsfield unit (HU) scale is a linear transformation of the original
2789:
1340:
Navigating the Adult Spine: Bridging Clinical Practice and Neuroradiology
117:
2818:
2221:
602:
539:
303:
are respectively the linear attenuation coefficients of water and air.
89:
1137:
Aamodt, A.; Kvistad, K. A.; Andersen, E.; et al. (January 1999).
1082:
Lim Fat, Daren; Kennedy, Jim; Galvin, Rose; et al. (2012-05-01).
2813:
800:
681:
671:
641:
829:
Cone beam computed tomography: Bone density and the Hounsfield scale
128:) is defined as 0 Hounsfield units (HU), while the radiodensity of
2840:
2051:
2012:
1370:
Cullu, Nesat; Kalemci, Serdar; Karakas, Omer; et al. (2013).
854:
Diagnostic radiology physics: a handbook for teachers and students
651:
616:
572:
562:
552:
501:
367:
359:
351:
343:
333:
133:
928:
752:
Aluminum, tarmac, car window glass, bottle glass, and other rocks
884:
Radiation oncology physics: a handbook for teachers and students
631:
582:
450:
2016:
606:
429:
419:
356:
CT scan of the thorax with window level set to -1,000 HU (air)
129:
58:
398:. Different dynamics are reported from one study to another.
348:
CT scan of the thorax with window level set to -700 HU (lung)
46:
372:
CT scan of the thorax with window level set to 60 HU (liver)
1909:
Horwich, Perry J. (December 20, 2018). Eugene C Lin (ed.).
364:
CT scan of the thorax with window level set to 0 HU (water)
1697:. Vol. 4. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.
962:
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
405:
modifies HU as well in some body parts (mainly blood).
1936:
The Mathematics of Medical Imaging: A Beginner's Guide
1551:
Saggar, K; Ahluwalia, A; Sandhu, P; Kalia, V (2006).
1143:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
280:
251:
164:
142:
73:
55:
52:
49:
156:, the corresponding HU value is therefore given by:
64:
61:
2907:
2879:
2835:
2784:
2761:
2751:
2716:
2633:
2624:
2475:
2391:
2351:
2270:
2229:
2220:
2064:
2050:
1495:
1493:
1365:
1363:
43:
40:
1028:
1026:
295:
266:
235:
148:
1787:. Springer Science & Business Media. p.
1755:. Springer Science & Business Media. p.
1726:. Springer Science & Business Media. p.
847:
845:
1272:
1270:
376:HU-based differentiation of material applies to
1810:
1808:
921:American Association of Physicists in Medicine
340:Values for different body tissues and material
2028:
1308:Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions
1281:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.
8:
1778:
1776:
1693:Kazerooni, Ella A.; Gross, Barry H. (2004).
136:with average linear attenuation coefficient
1333:
1331:
1196:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
621:0 - 130 ("high attenuating" at over 70 HU)
2758:
2640:
2630:
2226:
2070:
2061:
2035:
2021:
2013:
1722:Kuntz, Erwin; Kuntz, Hans-Dieter (2006).
1661:
1403:
1223:
1184:
1182:
1154:
1050:
286:
285:
279:
257:
256:
250:
223:
222:
208:
207:
194:
193:
180:
163:
141:
84:, is a quantitative scale for describing
2871:Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
1631:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
1277:Fosbinder, Robert; Orth, Denise (2011).
407:
1376:Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
1338:Fast, Avital; Goldsher, Dorith (2006).
841:
1454:
1452:
267:{\displaystyle \mu _{\textrm {water}}}
7:
1996:. elsevierhealth.com. Archived from
1342:. Demos Medical Publishing. p.
387:(CBCT) scans, as CBCT scans provide
296:{\displaystyle \mu _{\textrm {air}}}
132:at STP is defined as −1000 HU. In a
2678:Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
1940:Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
1829:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01887.x
1431:Luca Saba; Jasjit S. Suri (2013).
889:International Atomic Energy Agency
859:International Atomic Energy Agency
108:measurement into one in which the
27:Quantitative scale of radiodensity
25:
1039:Indian Journal of Dental Research
795:+30,000 (upper measurable limit)
92:, where its value is also termed
2933:
2932:
1872:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01100.x
1279:Essentials of Radiologic Science
1247:Sharma, Rohit; Gaillard, Frank.
36:
2435:Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
2683:Radioactive iodine uptake test
1156:10.1302/0301-620X.81B1.0810143
106:linear attenuation coefficient
1:
2663:Radionuclide ventriculography
2137:Lower gastrointestinal series
2129:Upper gastrointestinal series
385:cone beam computed tomography
2854:Optical coherence tomography
2776:Myocardial perfusion imaging
2364:Dental panoramic radiography
1991:"Introduction to CT physics"
1860:Journal of Forensic Sciences
1514:10.3109/00016489.2013.878475
1208:10.7860/JCDR/2016/17207.7644
1934:Feeman, Timothy G. (2010).
1663:10.1016/j.chest.2015.12.043
1553:"Mucocoele of the Appendix"
316:, where HU is converted to
88:. It is frequently used in
2975:
2658:Ventilation/perfusion scan
2133:Small-bowel follow-through
1942:and Technology. Springer.
1190:Rao, Murali Gundu (2016).
974:10.1016/j.ijom.2009.02.028
691:+20 to +120 in adolescents
2928:
2899:Dynamic angiothermography
2643:
2567:Abdominal ultrasonography
2073:
1911:"Adrenal Adenoma Imaging"
1100:10.1007/s00256-011-1255-7
1009:. W.B. Saunders Company.
799:
738:
717:
625:
548:
523:
499:
470:
449:
438:
428:
418:
410:
394:Values reported here are
2889:Non-contact thermography
2668:Radionuclide angiography
2520:Doppler echocardiography
1052:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_415_16
611:0 or +20, to +40 or +45
2673:Radioisotope renography
1695:Cardiopulmonary Imaging
2708:Gastric emptying study
1502:Acta Oto-Laryngologica
1473:10.1594/ecr2014/C-1927
1388:10.5152/dir.2013.13066
1306:Wright, F. W. (2001).
1249:"Subdural haemorrhage"
1005:Herbert Lepor (2000).
792:Gold, steel, and brass
688:+20 to +40 in children
389:unreliable HU readings
373:
365:
357:
349:
297:
268:
237:
150:
2369:X-ray motion analysis
2252:X-ray microtomography
2171:Hysterosalpingography
2078:Pneumoencephalography
1591:10.1007/s003300100934
1310:. CRC Press. p.
891:. 2005. p. 230.
371:
363:
355:
347:
298:
269:
238:
151:
2894:Contact thermography
2604:Emergency ultrasound
2542:Transcranial Doppler
2293:Abdominal and pelvis
1751:Maatman, G. (2012).
381:dual-energy CT scans
278:
249:
162:
149:{\displaystyle \mu }
140:
2861:Confocal microscopy
2739:Indium-111 WBC scan
2562:Echoencephalography
2298:Virtual colonoscopy
80:), named after Sir
2849:Optical tomography
2698:Dacryoscintigraphy
2693:Immunoscintigraphy
2332:Whole body imaging
2083:Dental radiography
1579:European Radiology
1088:Skeletal Radiology
1007:Prostatic Diseases
919:. Alexandria, VA:
374:
366:
358:
350:
314:treatment planning
293:
264:
233:
146:
82:Godfrey Hounsfield
2946:
2945:
2908:Target conditions
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2747:
2746:
2688:Bone scintigraphy
2653:Scintimammography
2648:Cholescintigraphy
2493:contrast-enhanced
2387:
2386:
2347:
2346:
2337:Full-body CT scan
2237:General operation
2216:
2215:
2186:Angiocardiography
1965:"Hounsfield unit"
1817:Eur J Clin Invest
1560:Ind J Radiol Imag
938:978-1-936366-69-9
868:978-92-0-131010-1
809:
808:
755:+2,100 to +2,300
723:Cholesterol stone
472:Subdural hematoma
289:
260:
231:
226:
211:
197:
16:(Redirected from
2966:
2936:
2935:
2759:
2641:
2631:
2515:Echocardiography
2374:Hounsfield scale
2227:
2146:Cholecystography
2071:
2062:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1986:- fpnotebook.com
1980:
1975:. Archived from
1953:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1866:(5): 1119–1122.
1855:
1849:
1848:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1665:
1656:(4): 1109–1110.
1641:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1475:. Archived from
1456:
1447:
1446:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1054:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1001:
986:
985:
957:
951:
950:
909:
903:
902:
879:
873:
872:
849:
744:Windowpane glass
525:Pleural effusion
492:After 10–14 days
408:
318:electron density
302:
300:
299:
294:
292:
291:
290:
287:
273:
271:
270:
265:
263:
262:
261:
258:
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155:
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147:
76:
71:
70:
67:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
32:Hounsfield scale
21:
18:Hounsfield units
2974:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2924:
2903:
2875:
2823:
2809:PET mammography
2780:
2743:
2729:Gallium-67 scan
2724:Octreotide scan
2712:
2620:
2471:
2383:
2343:
2266:
2247:High-resolution
2212:
2176:Skeletal survey
2142:Cholangiography
2055:
2046:
2044:Medical imaging
2041:
2000:
1993:
1989:
1984:Hounsfield Unit
1963:
1960:
1950:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1750:
1749:
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1738:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1482:
1480:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1004:
1002:
989:
959:
958:
954:
939:
911:
910:
906:
899:
881:
880:
876:
869:
851:
850:
843:
838:
825:
817:adrenal adenoma
731:Bilirubin stone
439:Soft tissue on
403:contrast agents
342:
326:
281:
276:
275:
252:
247:
246:
218:
203:
202:
189:
182:
160:
159:
138:
137:
114:distilled water
102:
74:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2866:Endomicroscopy
2863:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2845:
2843:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2756:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2628:
2622:
2621:
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2178:
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2168:
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2158:
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2148:
2139:
2126:
2117:
2112:
2107:
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2105:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2003:on 2007-09-26.
1987:
1981:
1979:on 2012-04-04.
1969:Medcyclopaedia
1959:
1958:External links
1956:
1955:
1954:
1949:978-0387927114
1948:
1928:
1927:
1901:
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1804:
1797:
1772:
1765:
1743:
1736:
1714:
1707:
1685:
1636:
1620:
1585:(1): 181–189.
1569:
1543:
1508:(4): 437–440.
1489:
1448:
1441:
1419:
1359:
1352:
1327:
1320:
1298:
1291:
1266:
1239:
1178:
1149:(1): 143–147.
1129:
1094:(5): 557–568.
1074:
1022:
1015:
987:
968:(6): 609–625.
952:
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510:
507:
504:
497:
496:
493:
489:
488:
485:
481:
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477:
474:
468:
467:
466:+500 to +1900
464:
460:
459:
456:
453:
447:
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436:
435:
432:
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422:
416:
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396:approximations
341:
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2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Ga-68-DOTATOC
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
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2639:
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2623:
2615:
2612:
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2607:
2606:
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2597:
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2587:
2585:
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2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:Intravascular
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2467:Synthetic MRI
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
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2279:
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2260:
2258:
2257:Electron beam
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2208:Orbital x-ray
2206:
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2127:
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2103:Bronchography
2101:
2100:
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2033:
2031:
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2024:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
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1962:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1916:
1912:
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1897:
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1873:
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1842:
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1834:
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1822:
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1809:
1805:
1800:
1798:9783642710766
1794:
1790:
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1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1766:9789400942776
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1737:9783540289777
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
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1710:
1708:9780781736558
1704:
1700:
1696:
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1523:
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1511:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1479:on 2019-01-12
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:. Salamanca.
1466:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:9781439893845
1438:
1435:. CRC Press.
1434:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:(2): 116–20.
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:9781934559741
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:9780415281416
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1313:
1309:
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1299:
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1292:9780781775540
1288:
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1243:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:(4): HC01–5.
1201:
1197:
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1185:
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1170:
1166:
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1023:
1018:
1016:9780721674162
1012:
1008:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
953:
948:
944:
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934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:
908:
905:
900:
898:92-0-107304-6
894:
890:
886:
885:
878:
875:
870:
864:
860:
856:
855:
848:
846:
842:
835:
830:
827:
826:
822:
820:
818:
814:
813:adrenal tumor
804:
802:
798:
794:
791:
790:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
741:
737:
733:
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729:
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722:
720:
716:
712:
710:
707:
706:
702:
700:
697:
696:
690:
687:
686:
685:
683:
680:
679:
675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
663:
660:
659:
655:
653:
650:
649:
645:
643:
640:
639:
636:−700 to −600
635:
633:
630:
628:
624:
620:
618:
615:
614:
610:
608:
604:
601:
600:
596:
594:
591:
590:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
574:
571:
570:
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
554:
551:
547:
543:
541:
538:
537:
533:
531:
528:
526:
522:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
505:
503:
498:
494:
491:
490:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
473:
469:
465:
462:
461:
458:+300 to +400
457:
454:
452:
448:
445:+100 to +300
444:
442:
437:
433:
431:
427:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
379:
378:medical-grade
370:
362:
354:
346:
339:
337:
335:
332:
323:
321:
319:
315:
312:
307:
304:
282:
253:
243:
219:
215:
204:
190:
186:
183:
177:
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171:
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165:
157:
143:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
99:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:
69:
33:
19:
2915:Acute stroke
2881:Thermography
2636:scintigraphy
2626:Radionuclide
2614:pre-hospital
2460:Tractography
2379:Radiodensity
2373:
2281:calcium scan
2242:Quantitative
1998:the original
1977:the original
1968:
1935:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:
1904:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1823:(4): 475–8.
1820:
1816:
1784:
1752:
1746:
1723:
1717:
1694:
1688:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1630:
1623:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1546:
1505:
1501:
1481:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1464:
1432:
1422:
1379:
1375:
1339:
1307:
1301:
1278:
1258:. Retrieved
1252:
1242:
1199:
1195:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1045:(1): 66–70.
1042:
1038:
1006:
1003:Page 83 in:
965:
961:
955:
929:10.37206/186
915:
907:
883:
877:
853:
810:
740:Foreign body
734:+90 to +120
726:+30 to +100
699:White matter
549:Other fluids
484:After 3 days
479:+75 to +100
434:−120 to −90
400:
395:
393:
375:
330:
327:
311:radiotherapy
308:
305:
244:
158:
116:at standard
110:radiodensity
103:
93:
86:radiodensity
31:
29:
2804:Cardiac PET
2577:renal tract
2552:Gynecologic
2484:Techniques
2455:restriction
2430:Angiography
2413:Neurography
2359:Fluoroscopy
2305:Angiography
2286:angiography
2230:Techniques:
2191:Aortography
2181:Angiography
2161:Cystography
2151:Mammography
2093:Myelography
2088:Sialography
2057:radiography
1938:. Springer
1254:Radiopaedia
713:+37 to +45
709:Grey matter
703:+20 to +30
676:+35 to +55
666:+10 to +20
662:Lymph nodes
646:+20 to +45
534:+2 to +15
519:+50 to +75
509:+13 to +50
495:+35 to +40
487:+65 to +85
476:First hours
441:contrast CT
383:but not to
122:temperature
2717:Full body:
2503:endoscopic
2477:Ultrasound
2406:functional
2203:Lymphogram
2198:Venography
2166:Arthrogram
1483:2019-01-12
1260:2018-08-14
1188:Fig 3 in:
887:. Vienna:
857:. Vienna:
836:References
627:Parenchyma
587:−5 to +15
577:−5 to +15
544:+4 to +33
530:Transudate
455:Cancellous
100:Definition
2959:Radiology
2920:Pregnancy
2799:Brain PET
2767:gamma ray
2703:DMSA scan
2557:Obstetric
2450:diffusion
2445:Sequences
2423:perfusion
2315:Pulmonary
2262:Cone beam
2156:Pyelogram
1880:0022-1198
1672:0012-3692
1599:0938-7994
1522:0001-6489
1396:1305-3825
1216:2249-782X
1165:0301-620X
1108:1432-2161
1061:0970-9290
947:214010953
760:Limestone
719:Gallstone
506:Unclotted
411:Substance
324:Rationale
283:μ
254:μ
220:μ
216:−
205:μ
191:μ
187:−
184:μ
178:×
144:μ
94:CT number
2953:Category
2938:Category
2790:positron
2310:Coronary
1920:July 28,
1915:Medscape
1896:40300162
1888:19627414
1845:39138974
1680:27055707
1615:28755973
1607:11868096
1530:24512428
1465:ECR 2014
1427:Page 342
1414:24100060
1234:27190831
1173:10068022
1124:23463451
1116:21932054
1069:28393820
982:19464146
861:. 2014.
823:See also
787:+20,000
779:+17,000
771:+14,000
463:Cortical
118:pressure
90:CT scans
2837:Optical
2819:PET-MRI
2599:Carotid
2594:Scrotal
2488:doppler
2418:Cardiac
2327:Thyroid
2271:Targets
2222:CT scan
1837:2121509
1538:6248808
1405:4463296
1225:4866129
763:+2,800
656:60 ± 6
603:Abscess
540:Exudate
515:Clotted
2814:PET-CT
2589:Breast
2584:Rectal
2508:duplex
2440:Breast
2277:Heart
1946:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1843:
1835:
1795:
1763:
1734:
1705:
1678:
1670:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1439:
1412:
1402:
1394:
1350:
1318:
1289:
1232:
1222:
1214:
1171:
1163:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1067:
1059:
1013:
980:
945:
935:
895:
865:
805:<0
801:Earwax
776:Silver
768:Copper
682:Thymus
672:Muscle
642:Kidney
500:Other
424:−1000
334:humans
245:where
77:-feeld
2841:Laser
2763:SPECT
2572:renal
2401:Brain
2352:Other
2052:X-ray
2001:(PDF)
1994:(PDF)
1892:S2CID
1841:S2CID
1650:Chest
1611:S2CID
1556:(PDF)
1534:S2CID
1312:20.17
1120:S2CID
943:S2CID
784:Steel
747:+500
652:Liver
617:Mucus
573:Urine
563:Water
553:Chyle
502:blood
259:water
210:water
196:water
134:voxel
75:HOWNZ
2609:FAST
2322:Head
1944:ISBN
1922:2023
1884:PMID
1876:ISSN
1833:PMID
1793:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1676:PMID
1668:ISSN
1603:PMID
1595:ISSN
1566:(2).
1526:PMID
1518:ISSN
1437:ISBN
1429:in:
1410:PMID
1392:ISSN
1348:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1230:PMID
1212:ISSN
1169:PMID
1161:ISSN
1112:PMID
1104:ISSN
1065:PMID
1057:ISSN
1011:ISBN
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