1545:
331:(CPF) contributions to pay for their flats beginning in 1968. The take-up rate for flat purchases increased such that by the 1980s, most flat applicants were opting to purchase them. From the late 1960s onwards, the HDB designed flats and estates with improved amenities and fittings to improve the quality of life. To further these efforts, in the 1970s and 1980s, the HDB introduced residents committees in its housing estates to promote community cohesion, loosened regulations on flat modifications, and engaged in upgrading works. These works included the expansion of old one-room flats and the construction of new amenities in older estates. In addition, the HDB started soliciting feedback from residents through the Sample Household Surveys (SHS) from 1975.
279:
40:
406:
Development and
Procurement, Building Quality and Building and Infrastructure groups and the Building and Research Institute are under the Building department; the Estate Administration and Property, Housing Management, Community Relations and Properties and Land groups under the Estate department; and the Corporate Development, Corporate Communications, Finance, Information Services and Legal groups under the Corporate department.
373:, in which facilities within multiple adjacent precincts were improved or upgraded, and residents were able to provide feedback on the planned improvements. Efforts to foster more extensive resident participation were made in 2013 with the Building Our Neighbourhood Dreams! project, in which residents could propose neighbourhood improvements instead of just providing feedback, but the initial projects were not well received.
1866:
225:
redevelopment schemes for mature estates, as well as new types of housing intended to cater to different income groups in partnership with private developers. The HDB was reorganised in 2003 to better suit
Singapore's housing market in the 2000s. Efforts to engage residents with upgrading schemes increased in the 2000s and 2010s, and the HDB also began solar panel installation works from the early 2010s.
159:
175:
262:(SIT), which was then responsible for public housing in Singapore, faced many problems in providing public housing, with the rents for flats being too low to be financially sustainable but unaffordable for many of the poorer people in Singapore. Delays in approval for new housing developments greatly slowed housing construction by 1958.
365:
Nevertheless, the HDB was unable to adapt to the changes in
Singapore's housing market fast enough in the early 2000s. To determine and redefine its position in the housing market, the HDB was reorganised, transferring the provision of flat loans to private banks, and corporatising its Building and
323:
With the construction of the Bukit Ho Swee estate, the HDB also sought to change how estate residents behaved, and to give the state greater control over their lives. Moreover, with the new housing estates not segregated by race, the HDB facilitated the formation of multiracial communities in place
357:
Along with the upgrading schemes, the HDB introduced several new housing schemes in the 1990s. These included the Design and Build and Design Plus schemes, with flats designed in collaboration with private architects and built to a higher standard than other flats, and executive condominiums, with
405:
The HDB consists of a chairman and 11 other members, along with three departments, the
Building, Estate and Corporate departments, under the purview of a chief executive officer, who is a member of the board. Each department is further subdivided into different groups. The Research and Planning,
311:
fires rehoused in the estate's flats. Their occupants disliked the one-room emergency flats, so by the mid-1960s, the HDB had moved on to building larger flats, especially around the
Central Area. Nevertheless, the Bukit Ho Swee estate marked the beginning of the HDB's resettlement efforts, and
315:
The rehousing of kampong dwellers allowed the HDB to pursue its redevelopment plans for the
Central Area, and the Urban Renewal Department was formed within the HDB in 1966 to manage the redevelopment works. This department also handled the construction of new amenities in the Central Area and
290:
On the
Housing & Development Board (HDB)'s formation, it announced plans to build over 50,000 flats, mostly in the city, under a five-year scheme, and found ways to build flats as cheaply as possible so that the poor could afford to stay in them. The HDB also continued the SIT's efforts in
224:
This focus shifted from the late 1960s, with the HDB building flats with improved fittings and offering them for sale. From the 1970s, it initiated efforts to improve community cohesion in its estates and solicit resident feedback. In the 1990s and 2000s, the HDB introduced upgrading and
392:
Under the
Housing and Development Act, the HDB is tasked to plan and carry out the construction or upgrading of any building, clear slums, manage and maintain the estates and buildings that it owns, and to provide loans to people to buy land or public housing. The HDB also carries out
324:
of racially divided ones. Nevertheless, by the 1980s, racial divisions within HDB estates became increasingly pronounced, so to mitigate possible ethnic tensions, the Ethnic
Integration Policy, which capped the racial proportions of residents in HDB estates, was introduced in 1989.
228:
The HDB consists of a 12-member board and three departments, the
Building, Estate and Corporate departments. Besides the provision of public housing, the HDB handles land reclamation works in Singapore and maintains the infrastructure of Singapore's national resource stockpiles.
253:
By the 1940s and 1950s, Singapore experienced rapid population growth, with the population increasing to 1.7 million from 940,700 between 1947 and 1957. The living conditions of people in Singapore worsened, with many people living in informal settlements or cramped
265:
In the mid-1950s, in light of the findings of the Committee on Local Government, the government initiated efforts to set up a new housing authority in place of the SIT. These efforts culminated in the Housing and Development Bill, which was read to the
409:
The HDB also controls 75% of EM Services, a company handling the upkeep of the HDB's housing estates and properties, and the properties of other public organisations. HDB employees are organised under a house union, the HDB Staff Union (HDBSU).
350:, it attempted to improve these estates by adding new facilities to these estates, improved fittings in flats and varying the looks of the housing blocks in different precincts. In addition, the HDB initiated a redevelopment programme, the
354:(SERS) in 1995, in which selected housing blocks were razed and their residents compensated. SERS carried out renewal schemes in town centres in several older estates in the late 1990s. There have been a total of 81 SERS sites as of 2018.
338:(HUDC) was transferred to the HDB. With the prices of HUDC flats approaching those of private housing, and the middle class being able to purchase HDB flats, the HDB stopped building HUDC flats in 1985.
358:
amenities similar to private housing. Further schemes were introduced in the 2000s, such as Build-to-Order, in which construction of flats began only after applicants had applied for them, and the
316:
collaborated with private enterprises in constructing new buildings on cleared sites. However, by the 1970s, the urban renewal projects proved too large for the department to handle alone, so the
463:
1854:
327:
The HDB began offering flats for purchase in 1964, but as many flat dwellers at the time could not afford to do so, it was initially not very successful. Applicants could use their
2252:
1501:
346:
In a bid to encourage younger people to continue living in older public housing estates, the HDB announced a large-scale upgrading scheme for those estates in 1989. Known as the
767:
1832:
1544:
1367:
312:
kampong dwellers were swiftly rehoused in public housing. By 1965, 54,430 flats had been built, with an increasing proportion of the population living in HDB dwellings.
2222:
1914:
567:
2100:
1045:
689:
659:
629:
599:
797:
888:
1884:
1181:
1870:
1529:
202:
198:
124:
1150:
1078:
2115:
2054:
1889:
1847:
1337:
335:
369:
The HDB increased efforts to engage residents in its provision of public housing in the 2000s. These efforts included public consultation schemes and the
1307:
270:
in 1958 and passed the next year. With the bill's passing, the HDB was formed in February 1960, taking over the SIT's public housing responsibilities.
2212:
1979:
1494:
1214:
2105:
1999:
1274:
1964:
237:
2242:
2217:
1840:
1574:
351:
455:
1974:
1924:
1904:
2232:
2148:
1969:
1487:
1422:
824:"Ideologies of 'Upgrading' in Singapore Public Housing: Post-modern Style, Globalisation and Class Construction in the Built Environment"
2019:
1894:
1767:
2247:
2156:
2120:
2039:
2009:
1984:
2237:
267:
2192:
2138:
2133:
2049:
2004:
759:
2044:
1909:
1620:
1359:
370:
1397:
557:
217:'s (SIT) public housing responsibilities, the HDB focused on the construction of emergency housing and the resettlement of
2227:
2079:
1579:
1564:
489:
359:
317:
303:'s redevelopment, rapidly designing and constructing a public housing estate on the fire's site, with people displaced by
1037:
681:
651:
621:
589:
1944:
1801:
789:
737:
1569:
1460:
1441:
2166:
2125:
2014:
1919:
1534:
1510:
1244:
1145:
1073:
892:
419:
283:
259:
214:
76:
1173:
1929:
1600:
1117:
1014:
968:
861:
725:
535:
381:
384:, it initiated the SolarNova programme to handle solar panel installation on government properties and buildings.
1954:
1605:
1140:
1068:
1329:
2064:
2034:
1994:
1615:
1610:
347:
1299:
1390:"Housing & Development Board | Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices (TAFEP)"
2069:
2029:
1934:
1780:
828:
233:
89:
1206:
2024:
1949:
1899:
1630:
424:
328:
39:
1266:
2059:
1717:
213:. Established in 1960 as a result of efforts in the late 1950s to set up an authority to take over the
278:
1939:
1806:
1752:
1559:
995:"Mechanisms for facilitating community participation in Singapore's neighbourhood-planning framework"
936:
2084:
1811:
1673:
429:
1455:
1436:
1702:
1109:
1006:
960:
952:
853:
845:
729:
527:
456:"HDB CEO Cheong Koon Hean to step down in January, NEA CEO Tan Meng Dui to take over in February"
296:
2161:
1816:
1742:
1648:
1584:
718:"5 The Politics of Fires in Post-1950s Singapore and the Making of the Modernist Nation-State"
594:
562:
2176:
944:
837:
394:
2074:
1989:
17:
940:
380:
on public housing blocks and in its properties in the 2010s. In 2014, together with the
206:
2206:
1785:
1668:
1663:
964:
857:
304:
300:
2110:
1389:
397:
works and handles the infrastructure for Singapore's national resource stockpiles.
377:
1775:
1693:
1688:
1658:
1653:
292:
179:
485:
1638:
1479:
841:
158:
733:
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2143:
1865:
1821:
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1732:
1722:
1707:
255:
210:
167:
1236:
993:
Cho, Im Sik; Nasution, Ivan; Lee, Jihye; Mascherenhas, Nina (Winter 2017).
884:
174:
948:
1737:
1727:
1113:
1101:
1010:
994:
956:
924:
849:
823:
531:
515:
221:
residents into public housing in the first few years of its existence.
2171:
1712:
1698:
1683:
1678:
308:
218:
163:
1102:"Social Issues: Designing High-Rise Housing: The Singapore Experience"
1757:
885:
Building a Cohesive Society: The Case of Singapore's Housing Policies
486:"Corrections regarding HDB's deficits and Singapore's Past Reserves"
362:, in which the flats were developed and sold by private developers.
170:, headquarters of the Housing & Development Board of Singapore.
1643:
925:"Public Housing in Singapore: Interpreting 'Quality' in the 1990s"
277:
173:
157:
1836:
1483:
434:
299:
in May 1961. After the fire, the HDB focused its efforts on
295:, which were mostly used to rehouse people displaced by the
722:
Reframing Singapore: Memory - Identity - Trans-Regionalism
1472:
366:
Development Division to form a new subsidiary, HDB Corp.
232:
The HDB is also a major purchaser of state land from the
720:. In Aljunied, Syed Muhd Khairudin; Heng, Derek (eds.).
135:
652:"Govt. to spend $ 230 mil. on homes in next five years"
516:"Public housing and community development in Singapore"
320:, a statutory board, replaced the department in 1974.
236:
with the purchase price payable by HDB going into the
2093:
1877:
1794:
1766:
1629:
1593:
1552:
1517:
1038:"Dropped – The last HUDC project in exclusive area"
148:
130:
120:
103:
95:
85:
69:
51:
46:
99:HDB Hub, 480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh, Singapore 310480
1915:Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore
2101:Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore
1871:Statutory boards of the Government of Singapore
2111:Commercial and Industrial Security Corporation
999:Journal of Architectural and Planning Research
889:Centre for International Governance Innovation
1885:Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority
1848:
1495:
1100:Generalova, Elena; Generalov, Viktor (2014).
8:
2253:Statutory boards of the Singapore Government
32:
27:Organization for public housing in Singapore
2116:Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore
2055:Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board
1890:Agency for Science, Technology and Research
566:. Singapore. 12 September 1958. p. 8.
1855:
1841:
1833:
1502:
1488:
1480:
514:Lim, William Siew Wai (July–August 1984).
1980:Intellectual Property Office of Singapore
1069:"Get ready for the where-when-what flats"
796:. Singapore. 9 February 1974. p. 2.
628:. Singapore. 1 February 1960. p. 7.
2181:Telecommunication Authority of Singapore
2000:Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
923:Teo, Siew Eng; Kong, Lily (March 1997).
883:Beatrice Weder Di Mauro (1 April 2018).
658:. Singapore. 10 August 1960. p. 4.
2223:Government agencies established in 1960
1965:Home Team Science and Technology Agency
766:. Singapore. 15 April 1984. p. 7.
622:"2 new boards take over from the S.I.T"
447:
1575:Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme
598:. Singapore. 12 June 1956. p. 4.
352:Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme
31:
1975:Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore
1925:Defence Science and Technology Agency
1905:Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore
1360:"Subsidiary and Associated Companies"
1294:
1292:
1201:
1199:
988:
986:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
817:
815:
688:. Singapore. 6 July 1960. p. 7.
336:Housing and Urban Development Company
33:Housing & Development Board (HDB)
7:
1970:Infocomm Media Development Authority
1580:Voluntary Early Redevelopment Scheme
711:
709:
707:
509:
507:
492:from the original on 14 October 2022
466:from the original on 24 January 2021
1895:Building and Construction Authority
760:"The real beginning — 18 years ago"
2157:Singapore Broadcasting Corporation
2121:International Enterprise Singapore
2010:National Council of Social Service
286:constructed in 1960, in July 2021.
25:
2193:template: Government of Singapore
1400:from the original on 8 March 2016
1370:from the original on 12 June 2021
1366:. Housing and Development Board.
1340:from the original on 12 June 2021
1336:. Housing and Development Board.
1310:from the original on 12 June 2021
1306:. Housing and Development Board.
1277:from the original on 12 June 2021
1273:. Housing and Development Board.
1247:from the original on 12 June 2021
1217:from the original on 12 June 2021
1213:. Housing and Development Board.
1184:from the original on 12 June 2021
1153:from the original on 24 June 2021
1139:Ng, Boon Yian (28 January 2003).
1120:from the original on 12 June 2021
1081:from the original on 12 June 2021
1017:from the original on 5 April 2022
971:from the original on 5 April 2022
864:from the original on 5 April 2022
790:"Tan gets top urban renewal post"
590:"Govt. acts: SIT's days numbered"
538:from the original on 5 April 2022
2213:1960 establishments in Singapore
2153:Singapore Broadcasting Authority
2139:National University of Singapore
2134:Nanyang Technological University
2050:Singapore Accountancy Commission
1864:
1543:
1530:Ministry of National Development
1450:By Housing and Development Board
1172:Paulo, Derrick A (1 July 2003).
1048:from the original on 2 June 2021
895:from the original on 3 June 2021
822:Goh, Robbie B.H. (August 2001).
800:from the original on 2 June 2021
770:from the original on 2 June 2021
740:from the original on 3 June 2021
662:from the original on 2 June 2021
570:from the original on 26 May 2021
203:Ministry of National Development
125:Ministry of National Development
110:Bobby Chin Yoke Choong, Chairman
38:
2045:Sentosa Development Corporation
1621:Neighbourhood Renewal Programme
1067:Chua, Chelsea (22 March 2001).
692:from the original on 6 May 2021
632:from the original on 8 May 2021
602:from the original on 8 May 2021
371:Neighbourhood Renewal Programme
187:Housing & Development Board
1036:Oei, Sin Geok (8 March 1984).
376:The HDB began installation of
1:
2243:Singapore government policies
2218:1960 establishments in Malaya
2080:Urban Redevelopment Authority
1985:ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute
1960:Housing and Development Board
1565:Design, Build and Sell Scheme
1525:Housing and Development Board
1428:Housing and Development Board
1243:. Singapore Statutes Online.
1237:"Housing and Development Act"
360:Design, Build and Sell Scheme
318:Urban Redevelopment Authority
2172:Singapore Telecommunications
1945:Government Technology Agency
1802:Additional CPF Housing Grant
1461:Resources in other libraries
1442:Resources in other libraries
291:building emergency flats in
2233:Public housing in Singapore
2167:Singapore Improvement Trust
2126:Media Development Authority
2106:Casino Regulatory Authority
2015:National Environment Agency
1920:Council for Estate Agencies
1606:Interim Upgrading Programme
1535:Singapore Improvement Trust
1511:Public housing in Singapore
488:. Government of Singapore.
420:Public housing in Singapore
260:Singapore Improvement Trust
215:Singapore Improvement Trust
193:; often referred to as the
77:Singapore Improvement Trust
2269:
1930:Economic Development Board
1601:Home Improvement Programme
726:Amsterdam University Press
682:"Coming: A housing record"
382:Economic Development Board
334:In 1982, control over the
2248:Architecture in Singapore
2188:
1955:Health Sciences Authority
1541:
1456:Resources in your library
1437:Resources in your library
1267:"Annual Report 2019/2020"
1207:"Annual Report 2019/2020"
842:10.1080/00420980120076821
37:
18:Housing development board
2238:Real estate in Singapore
2144:Post Office Savings Bank
2065:Singapore Land Authority
2035:Public Transport Council
1995:Land Transport Authority
1616:Main Upgrading Programme
1611:Lift Upgrading Programme
1192:– via NewspaperSG.
1180:. Singapore. p. 1.
1161:– via NewspaperSG.
1149:. Singapore. p. 1.
1089:– via NewspaperSG.
1077:. Singapore. p. 1.
1056:– via NewspaperSG.
1044:. Singapore. p. 3.
808:– via NewspaperSG.
778:– via NewspaperSG.
700:– via NewspaperSG.
670:– via NewspaperSG.
640:– via NewspaperSG.
610:– via NewspaperSG.
578:– via NewspaperSG.
348:Main Upgrading Programme
249:Background and formation
2162:Singapore Harbour Board
2149:Public Works Department
2130:National Computer Board
2070:Singapore Tourism Board
2020:National Heritage Board
1935:Energy Market Authority
90:Government of Singapore
2040:Public Utilities Board
2025:National Library Board
1950:Health Promotion Board
1900:Central Provident Fund
1330:"Corporate Governance"
716:Loh, Kah Seng (2009).
425:New towns of Singapore
329:Central Provident Fund
287:
182:
171:
57:; 64 years ago
2060:Singapore Food Agency
2005:National Arts Council
1910:Civil Service College
1570:Home Ownership Scheme
949:10.1080/0042098976069
558:"The Housing Problem"
281:
177:
161:
2228:Housing in Singapore
2030:People's Association
1940:Enterprise Singapore
1807:Lease Buyback Scheme
1594:Upgrading programmes
1300:"Organisation Chart"
462:. 30 November 2020.
268:Legislative Assembly
205:responsible for the
55:1 February 1960
2085:Workforce Singapore
1553:Building programmes
1174:"HDB record payout"
1141:"HDB at crossroads"
941:1997UrbSt..34..441S
728:. pp. 89–108.
430:Cash-Over-Valuation
34:
297:Bukit Ho Swee fire
288:
284:original HDB flats
274:The 1960s to 1980s
183:
172:
2200:
2199:
1830:
1829:
1817:Treelodge@Punggol
1585:Walk-in Selection
1423:Library resources
1042:Singapore Monitor
764:The Straits Times
686:The Straits Times
656:The Straits Times
626:The Straits Times
595:The Straits Times
563:The Straits Times
156:
155:
113:Tan Meng Dui, CEO
104:Agency executives
16:(Redirected from
2260:
2177:SPRING Singapore
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1504:
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1473:Official website
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836:(9): 1589–1604.
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526:(307): 319–327.
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395:land reclamation
388:Responsibilities
342:1990s to present
258:. Moreover, the
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70:Preceding agency
65:
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58:
42:
35:
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2075:Sport Singapore
1990:JTC Corporation
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1812:Pinnacle@Duxton
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199:statutory board
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47:Agency overview
28:
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15:
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1781:Central Area
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1402:. Retrieved
1394:www.tafep.sg
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1108:(4): 40–45.
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96:Headquarters
86:Jurisdiction
29:
1776:Bukit Timah
1694:Jurong West
1689:Jurong East
1659:Bukit Merah
1654:Bukit Batok
470:31 December
293:Tiong Bahru
282:One of the
180:Jurong West
2207:Categories
2191:See also:
1718:Queenstown
1639:Ang Mo Kio
1364:hdb.gov.sg
1334:hdb.gov.sg
1304:hdb.gov.sg
1271:hdb.gov.sg
1211:hdb.gov.sg
887:(Report).
794:New Nation
496:31 October
442:References
256:shophouses
234:Government
201:under the
152:T08GB0018F
62:1960-02-01
1822:Void deck
1753:Woodlands
1748:Toa Payoh
1733:Serangoon
1723:Sembawang
1708:Pasir Ris
1631:New towns
965:154318656
858:143688718
211:Singapore
168:Toa Payoh
149:Agency ID
1738:Tampines
1728:Sengkang
1674:Clementi
1398:Archived
1368:Archived
1338:Archived
1308:Archived
1275:Archived
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893:Archived
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660:Archived
630:Archived
600:Archived
568:Archived
536:Archived
532:43621881
520:Ekistics
490:Archived
464:Archived
437:(France)
414:See also
197:), is a
1878:current
1768:Estates
1713:Punggol
1703:Whampoa
1699:Kallang
1684:Hougang
1679:Geylang
1404:8 March
1374:18 June
1344:18 June
1314:18 June
1281:18 June
1251:12 June
1221:12 June
1188:12 June
1157:18 June
1124:12 June
1085:12 June
1021:12 June
937:Bibcode
309:kampong
244:History
219:kampong
164:HDB Hub
131:Website
60: (
2094:former
1758:Yishun
1743:Tengah
1649:Bishan
1425:about
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1052:29 May
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666:29 May
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52:Formed
1795:Other
1644:Bedok
1178:Today
1146:Today
1110:JSTOR
1074:Today
1007:JSTOR
961:S2CID
953:JSTOR
854:S2CID
846:JSTOR
730:JSTOR
528:JSTOR
1406:2016
1376:2021
1346:2021
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544:2021
498:2022
472:2020
185:The
162:The
140:.gov
138:.hdb
945:doi
838:doi
460:CNA
435:HLM
209:in
191:HDB
166:at
142:.sg
136:www
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