370:
352:
priestess and demanded the stoking of fire to alleviate the cold, the host priestess had initially been inhabited by a spider deity, which yielded its place to the superior dragon god. The purpose for which the priestess was consulted was to divine the cause of illness for the village elder's wife at
260:
not only issues a foul smell, but contact with this body odor or musk causes plants to shrivel and die. Humans situated downwind of the dragon may lose their body hair, or develop swells on their skin, and should they come too near they can be afflicted by fatal skin-ravaging burns. At a hamlet named
237:
appellation (meaning "one which cannot be spoken of in summer") derives its name from the belief that the dragon thrives in summer or near a fire sources, but are weakened and unable to command movement of their bodies as desired in the winter or cold, similar in nature to the serpent that hibernates
313:
took on the task of slaying it. The god pretended to be human, and connived the dragon into visiting a village upstream. The villagers were busy arranging for some ceremony, evidently a wedding, with the elder preparing to give away his (aged) daughter in marriage to the dragon. However, when the
329:
in the 19th century, a (mythical) large serpent was blamed as "the immediate cause of wasps and stinging ants". He also relates the tale about a large female serpent that tried to entice a hero, and cursed him with a 1,000 year-old longevity after being shunned.
535:
Sarashina (1967), in
Japanese: "日高から西部の湖には、サクソモアイェプ（夏に言われぬ者）という、翼の生えた蛇体がいるといわれ、胴体は俵の様で頭と尾が細く、鼻先がノミのように尖っていてこれがぶつかると、大木でも伐り倒されたり引裂かれたりする。全身淡黒色で目の縁と口のまわりが赤く、 ひどい悪臭があって、これの棲んでいる近くに行っても、またその通った跡を歩いてもその悪臭のために、皮膚がはれたり全身の毛が脱けおちてしまう。"
296:, and though they cannot be seen, the strong smell issued by the dragons have been held responsible for the swelling or bloating developed on the skin, according to testimony by early 20th century informants.
631:
Another source explains that strong sake was also offered to the mountain spirit of Usu at times of eruption. Yoshida gives interlinear reading of Mt. Usu as "Uhuynupuri" in Ainu, but
1160:
273:, and passersby took the precaution of always checking the condition of the swamp from a hilltop before approaching the village, lest they suffer the ill effects of the
187:-like snout which can slice or rip large trees. The whole body is pale black in color, but the rim around the eyes and the periphery of the mouth are scarlet.
402:
of Lake Tōya were held to be menacing demonic deity generally, but at times could provide blessing, and be a sort of guardian deity. Specifically, when the
322:, Okikurmi with his incantations caused hail to fall, and after the cold weighed down heavily on the dragon's wings, the god cut it down with the sword.
314:
dragon ate the delectable fish offered, it caused a belly ache that eventually proved his death. The villagers were actually a tribe of hornets or
318:(and the elder was the lord of these hornets), that had been assigned the mission of assassinating the dragon by the deity. According to another
169:
is said to dwell in lakes and swamps of the western parts of the Hidaka
Subprefecture region. According to lore around this Hidaka region, the
1038:
907:
690:
485:"the one who..", suffix that changes adjectives and verbs into nouns. The term is variously transliterated into Japanese as sakisomaeppu
44:
or dragon god, believed to thrive in summer or near fire, but lose strength in the cold, whose trait earns it the alternative name of
338:
It has been stated that the " dragons are sometimes companion spirits of shamanesses", shamanesses being commonly referred to as
61:
The Ainu dragon (wanjiku) is generally held to dwell in lakes and swamps and issue foul odor, and are known by such names as the
1057:
Paper - National Museum of Man, Canadian
Ethnology Service: Dossier - Musée National de L'homme, Service Canadien D'ethnologie
797:
739:
99:
1018:
935:
326:
53:
They are generally held to be dwellers of lakes and swamps, but are also winged according to some folklore accounts.
183:
of rice (i.e. stout and cylindrical), and a narrow head and tail emerging out of this trunk. It also has a pointed,
974:
1165:
150:
743:
94:
289:
175:
119:
892:
262:
180:
1078:
544:
Philippi: " Dragons are always depicted as living in lakes or swamps and emitting a terrible stench".
345:
131:
123:
1121:
1155:
582:
is commonly applied to supposed "ysterious creatures living in ponds, lakes, rivers or mountains".
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154:
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with its horrible stench dispelled the Hōsōshin, saving the townsfolk. Some say that the
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town) and caused smallpox to spread, the people fled to the shores of Lake Tōya, and the
230:, lit. "winged supernaturally-powered deity") was its divine name for the same divinity.
1117:
672:
602:
403:
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issued a stench that was noxious and lethal to both humans and gods, so that the deity
1149:
668:
211:
395:
146:
37:
807:
561:) was recounting what allegedly happened to his elder brother Sankoreasi(?) (
1048:
514:
Other than Lake Tōya, there were
Karimba-tō ("Cherry Swamp") and Netnusa-tō (
445:
1030:
883:
881:
344:
by
Japanese sources. In the foregoing example of the dragon god that took
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357:(Aputa), therefore, in terms of localization, this is also an example of
310:
762:
1023:
Canadian
Ethnology Society: Papers from the sixth annual congress, 1979
434:
and to the Yke-usekur (??) (transliterated into
Japanese as Ikeeuseguru
959:
184:
422:
of the lake is closer to a winged turtle than a dragon, and when an
951:
368:
301:
114:
1106:. Translated by Donald M. Richardson. Huntingtower. p. 242.
591:
Yoshida also states it is believed to have a ("body of a turtle"
427:
340:
244:
790:
Songs of Gods, Songs of Humans: The Epic
Tradition of the Ainu
1069:
1067:
90:(lit. "that which must not be mentioned in the summer.").
173:
possesses a winged, serpent-like body, with torso like a
141:, though he also describes at length the legend of the
373:
Lake Tōya is one of the places to which legends about
238:
when temperatures drop. As it abhors the cold, it may
265:
on the side towards Hidaka, a swamp referred to as a
50:("that which must not be mentioned in the summer").
248:(shamaness) and command humans to "stoke the fire".
902:. Nihon no densetsu 17. Kadokawa. pp. 67–170.
325:According to Ainu lore collected by the missionary
757:(10). The Anthropological Society of Nippon: 404.
938:(January–March 1894). "Items of Ainu Folk-Lore".
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
792:. Princeton University Press. pp. 154–161.
40:mythology, is a type of malodorous and venomous
663:
661:
659:
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655:
653:
651:
210:). But according to the native Ainu folklorist
611:
594:
526:as the resident lord of these bodies of water.
498:
488:
450:
437:
387:
269:("God swamp") was said to be inhabited by the
225:
205:
79:
707:An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary". s. v. "
8:
930:
928:
457:, thus praying for the disease to subside.
1161:Mythological and legendary Japanese snakes
1025:. University of Ottawa Press. p. 57.
819:
817:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
874:. Kyoto: Tankō Shinsha. pp. 163–170.
734:
732:
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728:
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724:
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720:
718:
65:(meaning "serpent" in Sakhalin dialect),
751:Jinruigakuzasshi=Anthropological Science
1017:: The Analysis of Japanese Ghosts". In
841:Philippi (1979) citing Kubodera (1977).
647:
466:
1086:. Kyoto: Kita shobō. pp. 156–157.
292:region are reputedly inhabited by the
7:
826:Ainu jojishi shinyō/seiden no kenkyū
426:strikes, the local folk would offer
93:According to the lore collected by
1060:. National Museums of Canada. 1981.
922:Kubodera's anthology, Yukar No. 38.
198:) that has gained wings are called
218:was the common vulgar name, while
14:
868:Kamera kikō : Ainu no shinwa
788:(2015) . "Song of a Dragon God".
398:is the serpent-bodied being. The
361:lore discussed in section below.
1103:A Collection of Japanese Legends
940:The Journal of American Folklore
406:(smallpox deity) descended upon
744:"Ainu no yōkai setsuwa (zoku)"
635:is a common noun for "volcano".
553:Yoshida's informant Paresina (
358:
288:, as well as mountains in the
1:
685:. Iwanami. pp. 202–203.
381:According to myth, the lord (
122:region (i.e., western rim of
1009:Kawakami, Takahisa (1981). "
831:. Iwanami. pp. 189–194.
299:According to one epic song (
190:According to some lore, the
973:Hunter's Log (2012-02-29).
824:Kubodera, Itsuhiko (1977).
1182:
601:, and adds the fine-print
444:), the mountain spirit of
284:, the tallest peak of the
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622:meaning "turtle" in Ainu.
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261:Chin at the mouth of the
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705:Batchelor, John (1903).
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108:belongs to the tribe of
73:(borrowed from Japanese
16:Dragon in Ainu mythology
1134:, Sanseido, p. 116
1019:Guédon, Marie-Françoise
1021:; Hatt, D. G. (eds.).
578:The (colloquial) term
378:
1031:10.2307/j.ctv16t51.10
673:"Ezo obake retsuden"
522:) which also had the
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149:localized around the
84:) lit. "serpent body"
897:Hokkaidō no densetsu
346:spiritual possession
334:Spiritual possession
124:Hidaka Subprefecture
786:Philippi, Donald L.
240:spiritually possess
233:The aforementioned
161:General description
155:Iburi Subprefecture
379:
305:), the dragon-god
1040:978-1-77282-240-3
909:978-4-04-722017-1
692:978-4-00-320811-3
461:Explanatory notes
394:) which inhabits
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1166:Japanese dragons
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1122:"uhuy nupuri"
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829:アイヌ叙事詩神謡・聖伝の研究
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993:. Retrieved
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871:カメラ紀行 アイヌの神話
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746:アイヌの妖怪説話 (續)
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481:"not say" +
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26:
25:
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1053:(Repr.) in
989:dragonology
893:Andō, Mikio
633:uhuy nupuri
477:"summer" +
275:hoyau kamui
271:hoyau kamui
201:rap-us-oyau
143:hoyau kamui
135: [
118:) from the
98: [
57:Terminology
27:hoyau kamui
1156:Ainu kamuy
1150:Categories
995:2020-07-07
799:1400870690
763:AN0012418X
643:References
359:§Lake Tōya
280:Swamps on
33:oyau kamui
671:(1981) .
618:"; i.e.,
396:Lake Tōya
365:Lake Tōya
147:Lake Tōya
1120:(1996),
1100:(2009).
1077:(1971).
895:(1977).
865:(1967).
563:Japanese
555:Japanese
516:Japanese
500:サクソモアイェプ
479:somo-aye
424:epidemic
404:Hōsōshin
316:shi-soya
311:Okikurmi
267:kamui-tō
263:Mu River
252:Toxicity
227:ラプシヌプルクル
982:Ryūgaku
675:えぞおばけ列伝
607:echinge
605:gloss "
490:サキソマエップ
446:Mt. Usu
439:イケエウセグル
207:ラプウシオヤウ
153:in the
86:), and
1132:アイヌ語辞典
1124:ウフイヌプリ
1083:アイヌ伝説集
1047:
1037:
977:オヤウカムイ
960:532957
958:
906:
900:北海道の伝説
806:
796:
761:
689:
683:アイヌ民譚集
620:ecinke
567:サンコレアシ
520:ネツヌサトウ
412:Tōyako
185:chisel
176:tawara
104:, the
67:chatai
42:dragon
36:), in
30:(var,
1045:JSTOR
1015:Yurei
1011:Obake
991:]
987:[
956:JSTOR
804:JSTOR
580:nushi
524:hoyau
432:hoyau
420:hoyau
416:hoyau
410:(now
408:Abuta
400:hoyau
383:nushi
355:Abuta
348:of a
320:yukar
302:yukar
216:hoyau
192:hoyau
179:or a
139:]
128:hoyau
115:yukar
106:hoyau
102:]
75:jatai
71:catay
63:hoyau
21:Hoyau
1035:ISBN
1013:and
904:ISBN
794:ISBN
759:NCID
687:ISBN
613:エチンゲ
603:ruby
559:パレシナ
428:sake
375:hoya
350:miko
341:miko
256:The
245:miko
196:oyau
181:bale
165:The
38:Ainu
1027:doi
948:doi
475:sak
452:有珠山
145:of
69:or
24:or
1152::
1127:,
1066:^
1043:.
1033:.
985:龍学
980:.
954:.
942:.
927:^
891:;
880:^
846:^
816:^
802:.
771:^
755:29
753:.
749:.
717:^
711:".
678:.
650:^
596:體亀
569:).
565::
557::
518::
483:-p
277:.
242:a
214:,
157:.
137:ja
100:ja
81:蛇体
1051:.
1029::
998:.
962:.
950::
944:7
912:.
810:.
765:.
709:p
695:.
616:)
610:(
599:)
593:(
505:.
503:)
497:(
493:)
487:(
455:)
449:(
442:)
436:(
392:)
389:主
386:(
224:(
204:(
194:(
78:(
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