20:
475:
from the water through as-yet unknown processes. In the case of Ita Mai Tai these crusts have been found all over the seamount and sometimes reach thicknesses of over 20 centimetres (7.9 in), with geochemical differences between the various sectors of the seamount. These ferromanganese crusts
248:
Ita Mai Tai is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) wide and has a flat summit with a surface area of 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi)-1,459.7 square kilometres (563.6 sq mi), and a slope break at about 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) depth. Unconsolidated sediments cover the summit
547:
were deposited on the seamount and reached an eventual thickness of about 525 metres (1,722 ft). Additionally, the seamount has subsided by about 2,090 metres (6,860 ft), albeit with time periods where this subsidence was interrupted by the growth of coral reefs. Most of the subsidence
265:
The seamount reaches a depth of 1,319 metres (4,327 ft) below sea level and rises about 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi) above the seafloor. On the seafloor, it occupies a surface of 6,400 square kilometres (2,500 sq mi), making it much larger than other
Pacific seamounts, and is
257:
with limestone outcrops that reach 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) length, and the volcanic basement forms an uplift in the central section of the flat summit. Volcanic cones form swells on the western part of the summit plateau of Ita Mai Tai, and structures such as domes, ridges,
2900:
Zakharov, Yu. D.; Pletnev, S. P.; Mel'nikov, M. E.; Smyshlyaeva, O. P.; Khudik, V. D.; Evseev, G. A.; Punina, T. A.; Safronov, P. P.; Popov, A. M. (February 2007). "The first finds of cretaceous belemnites from the
Magellan Rise, Pacific Ocean".
2469:
Lee, Tae-Gook; Hein, James R.; Lee, Kiehwa; Moon, Jai-Woon; Ko, Young-Tak (October 2005). "Sub-seafloor acoustic characterization of seamounts near the
Ogasawara Fracture Zone in the western Pacific using chirp (3–7kHz) subbottom profiles".
391:
The volcanic rocks have been subdivided into a lower tholeiitic subunit and an upper more trachytic unit; there are also compositional differences between various parts of the seamount. Some of the volcanic rocks take the form of
293:
and features an L-shaped ridge to the west with a width of 10–15 kilometres (6.2–9.3 mi). South of the L-shaped ridge lies another seamount which is also considered to be part of Ita Mai Tai; it is uneroded and features
974:
Zhao, Bin; Wei, Zhenquan; Yang, Yong; He, Gaowen; Zhang, Heng; Ma, Weilin (10 August 2019). "Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the
Western Pacific Ocean".
1470:
Prokof'ev, V. Yu.; Avdonin, V. V.; Mel'nikov, M. E. (31 August 2008). "Physicochemical parameters of the crystallization of plagioclases in basaltic rocks from guyots of the
Magellan Seamounts (Pacific Ocean)".
2552:
Mel'nikov, M. E.; Pletnev, S. P.; Sedysheva, T. E.; Punina, T. A.; Khudik, V. D. (May 2012). "New data on the structure of the sedimentary section on the Ita Mai Tai Guyot (Magellan
Seamounts, Pacific Ocean)".
2388:
Koppers, Anthony A.P.; Staudigel, Hubert; Wijbrans, Jan R.; Pringle, Malcolm S. (November 1998). "The
Magellan seamount trail: implications for Cretaceous hotspot volcanism and absolute Pacific plate motion".
692:
accumulated on the guyot at a rate of 6.7 millimetres per millennium (0.26 in/ka) but with occasional erosional periods which show up as hiatuses in the sedimentary record, the ooze also contains
1543:
Koppers, Anthony A.P; Staudigel, Hubert; Wijbrans, Jan R (May 2000). "Dating crystalline groundmass separates of altered
Cretaceous seamount basalts by the 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating technique".
224:, a chain of seamounts that extends northwest away from this seamount, and one of their best studied members. The activity of the Magellan Seamounts has been attributed to a hotspot in the
2507:
Mel'nikov, M. E.; Tugolesov, D. D.; Pletnev, S. P. (August 2010). "The structure of the incoherent sediments in the Ita Mai Tai Guyot (Pacific Ocean) based on geoacoustic profiling data".
228:, but attributing Ita Mai Tai to such a hotspot is difficult as Ita Mai Tai appears to be too old in comparison to the other Magellan Seamounts to be a product of the same hotspot. The
1956:
Ooids and
Shallow-Water Debris in Aptian-Albian Sediments from the East Mariana Basin, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 585: Implications for the Environment of Deposition of the Ooids
152:
202, 201 and 200 were taken at Ita Mai Tai, a drill site selection that was motivated in part by technical problems in the drilling equipment. In addition, in 2016 the submersible
775:. They are distributed over three typical environments; the first is dominated by sponges on hard substrates, the second by echinoderms also on hard substrates and the third are
2697:
Shen, Chengcheng; Lu, Bo; Li, Zhenggang; Zhang, Ruiyan; Chen, Wanying; Xu, Peng; Yao, Huiqiang; Chen, Zongheng; Pang, Jie; Wang, Chunsheng; Zhang, Dongsheng (1 December 2021).
2953:"Sedimentary characteristics based on sub-bottom profiling and the implications for mineralization of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at Weijia Guyot, Western Pacific Ocean"
2590:
Mel'nikov, M. E.; Pletnev, S. P.; Anokhin, V. M.; Sedysheva, T. E.; Ivanov, V. V. (November 2016). "Volcanic edifices on guyots of the
Magellan Seamounts (Pacific Ocean)".
306:
of the same name and forms a volcano-tectonic massif with Ita Mai Tai; thus it consists of two separate volcanoes. Butakov Guyot may be the third partner of this complex.
2668:
Pletnev, S. P. (January 2021). "The Main Types of Paleogene Sedimentary Rocks and Conditions of their Formation on the Guyots of the Magellan Seamounts (Pacific Ocean)".
2320:
Asavin, A. M.; Kubrakova, I. V.; Mel'nikov, M. E.; Tyutyunnik, O. A.; Chesalova, E. I. (May 2010). "Geochemical zoning in ferromanganese crusts of Ita-MaiTai guyot".
424:. In drill cores of the summit region the limestone reaches a thickness of 35 metres (115 ft) and the mud of 45 metres (148 ft); the mud formed in
650:; their fossils have been recovered in the limestone from Ita Mai Tai and the rudists are the most commonly encountered reef builders on this seamount. The
325:
passes just north of Ita Mai Tai; seamounts in the neighbourhood are Butakov in the south, Arirang in the southeast, Zatonskii east, Gramberg northeast and
313:. The lack of magnetic lineations on the seafloor surrounding Ita Mai Tai makes it difficult to tell how old the ocean crust is. However, during the
266:
surrounded by a shallow moat on the northern and southeastern side. The outer slopes of the seamount have a step-like appearance and feature radial
3015:
1357:
2938:
Zakharov, Yu. D.; Mel'nikov, M. E.; Khudik, V. D. (2003). "New Find of Late Cretaceous Ammonoidea (Cephalopoda) in the Ocean Floor Sediments".
2060:
Keller, N. B.; Shcherba, I. G. (March 2006). "Features of the distribution of azooxanthellata scleractinia (Anthozoa) on mid-pacific guyots".
1427:
Mel'nikov, M. E.; Avdonin, V. V.; Pletnev, S. P.; Sedysheva, T. E. (January 2016). "Buried ferromanganese nodules of the Magellan Seamounts".
302:. This 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) wide and 2,525 metres (8,284 ft) deep southern seamount is also known as Gelendzhik Seamount after a
240:
appear to coincide with the reconstructed location of the Magellan Seamounts hotspot; one of these may have formed the Magellan Seamounts.
19:
2428:"Paleomagnetic investigation of seamounts in the vicinity of Ogasawara Fracture Zone northwest of the Marshall Islands, western Pacific"
2951:
Zhao, Bin; Yang, Yong; Zhang, Xiangyu; He, Gaowen; Lü, Wenchao; Liu, Yuping; Wei, Zhenquan; Deng, Yinan; Huang, Ning (1 April 2020).
2841:
1795:
2137:"Gibbosaverruca weijiai, a new verrucid (Crustacea, Thoracica) species from the Weijia Guyot deep-sea seamount in the West Pacific"
117:
the seamount subsided and lies now at 1,402 metres (4,600 ft) depth below sea level. Ferromanganese crusts as well as pelagic
2699:"Community structure of benthic megafauna on a seamount with cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the northwestern Pacific Ocean"
866:
804:
were discovered near Ita Mai Taiand named after an alternative name of the seamount. Another species discovered there is the
3010:
783:
mainly over soft substrates. The sponges benefit from ocean currents triggered by the seamount that supply nutrients. The
145:
during the early research history of the seamount. The seamount has also been named OSM1, Ita Matai and Weijia Guyot. The
435:
Guyots such as Ita Mai Tai often accumulate ferromanganese crusts. These are generated by the oxidative precipitation of
2853:"A new species of deep-sea sponge-associated shrimp from the North-West Pacific (Decapoda, Stenopodidea, Spongicolidae)"
159:
2629:"The Specific Features of the Geodynamic Settings in the Southeastern Part of the Magellan Seamounts, Pacific Ocean"
2194:"Ceuthonoe nezhai gen. et sp. n. (Polynoidae: Polynoinae) commensal with sponges from Weijia Guyot, western Pacific"
146:
1962:, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 89, U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 399,
1733:, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 89, U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 606,
800:
520:
cones on Gelendzhik seamount. such late volcanism has been observed in other neighbouring seamounts as well. An
317:
neighbouring volcanic islands deposited volcanic rocks on the seafloor and the crust is now considered to be of
322:
32:
791:
93:
The seamount is formed by volcanic rocks which form two adjacent volcanic centres that erupted between the
154:
2810:"A 3-D Gravity Tectonic Study of Ita Mai Tai Guyot: An Uncompensated Seamount in the East Mariana Basin"
2288:
187:
2136:
508:. Another episode of volcanic activity may constitute late stage volcanism; it might be represented by
2952:
2698:
809:
2964:
2821:
2710:
2516:
2479:
2439:
2398:
2069:
1775:
1552:
1480:
796:
707:
of Eocene age have also been found. This sediment layer is unusually thick by the standard of other
2788:, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 20, U.S. Government Printing Office,
2757:, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 20, U.S. Government Printing Office,
2368:, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 20, U.S. Government Printing Office,
310:
225:
2193:
2988:
2926:
2734:
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2615:
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2221:
2162:
2093:
1496:
1452:
1000:
850:
468:
221:
83:
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2980:
2918:
2888:
2870:
2837:
2726:
2648:
2628:
2607:
2570:
2532:
2495:
2457:
2414:
2337:
2268:
2213:
2154:
2085:
1791:
1674:
1568:
1444:
992:
552:
when sedimentation rates were depressed, but the carbonate platform drowned no later than the
505:
229:
206:
134:
87:
2972:
2910:
2878:
2860:
2829:
2789:
2758:
2718:
2677:
2640:
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2406:
2402:
2369:
2329:
2260:
2205:
2144:
2077:
1963:
1783:
1734:
1724:"Site Surveys in the Western Pacific Conducted aboard the Kana Keoki, Cruise KK810626 Leg 4"
1663:"Drift history and subsidence process of Weijia Guyot, China contract area of Co-rich crust"
1560:
1488:
1436:
984:
689:
118:
75:
2301:
521:
295:
237:
214:
210:
202:
191:
183:
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seafloor is characterized by a striking contrast between the relatively flat floor of the
138:
2251:
Yang, Kehong; Yao, Huiqiang; Ma, Weilin; Liu, Yonggang; He, Gaowen (6 September 2021). .
1776:"Shallow-Water Limestones in Oceanic Basins as Tectonic and Paleoceanographic Indicators"
1661:
Zhenquan, W. E. I.; Yong, Yang; Gaowen, H. E.; Shengxiong, Yang; Xiang, Y. a. O. (2021).
2968:
2825:
2714:
2520:
2483:
2073:
1556:
1484:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
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1324:
1322:
1320:
1070:
1068:
2883:
2852:
2748:"Tertiary Pelagic Ooze on Ita Maitai Guyot, Equatorial Pacific: DSDP Sites 200 and 201"
2627:
Petukhov, S. I.; Anokhin, V. M.; Melnikov, M. E.; Sedysheva, T. E. (1 September 2020).
290:
286:
2410:
1690:
1688:
1564:
861:
occur on Ita Mai Tai. Some of these outcrops in the summit region may be suitable for
598:
and living organisms in shallow water. Lifeforms that inhabited the seamount included
3004:
2992:
2930:
2778:
2747:
2738:
2689:
2660:
2619:
2582:
2544:
2358:
2349:
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2097:
1954:
1723:
1705:
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1500:
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1307:
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1303:
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1280:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1085:
1083:
1004:
948:
724:
711:
seamounts, its thickness reaching 150 metres (490 ft)-170 metres (560 ft).
708:
576:
501:
444:
338:
303:
233:
179:
26:
of Ita Mai Tai Guyot. The smaller guyot in the lower left corner is Gelendzhik Guyot.
772:
720:
686:
639:
627:
477:
374:
2794:
2763:
2374:
2264:
1968:
1739:
988:
873:-rich crusts at seamounts in a sector of the Pacific Ocean including Ita Mai Tai.
2809:
760:
529:
429:
417:
385:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1267:
1265:
1228:
1226:
2976:
2914:
2865:
2779:"Oolitic Limestone on the Ita Maitai Guyot, Equatorial Pacific: DSDP Site 202"
2722:
2681:
2644:
2603:
2566:
2528:
2491:
2333:
2209:
2149:
2135:
Gan, Zhibin; Zhang, Dongsheng; Li, Xinzheng; Wang, Chunsheng (18 March 2021).
2081:
1492:
1440:
1028:
1026:
882:
838:
805:
744:
740:
727:
form "meadows" and "patches" on the surface of Ita Mai Tai. Other animals are
697:
693:
682:
671:
655:
647:
623:
525:
456:
326:
271:
254:
199:
149:
142:
79:
64:
23:
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2922:
2874:
2730:
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2611:
2574:
2536:
2499:
2461:
2418:
2341:
2272:
2217:
2158:
2089:
1678:
1572:
1448:
996:
47:
34:
826:
748:
732:
728:
631:
603:
591:
580:
572:
549:
544:
536:
509:
436:
413:
409:
378:
366:
354:
282:
114:
110:
2892:
1787:
109:
developed on the seamount after its formation and led to the deposition of
158:
sampled the seamount. which was also visited during the 9th cruise of the
82:. One among a number of seamounts in the Pacific Ocean, it is part of the
846:
787:
784:
776:
635:
619:
611:
588:
568:
517:
464:
381:
370:
350:
318:
195:
102:
71:
68:
2426:
Lee, Tae-Gook; Lee, Sang-Mook; Moon, Jae-Woon; Lee, Kiehwa (June 2003).
298:. The ridge that connects the two may be the western edge of a collapse
2833:
2452:
2427:
1916:
1390:
1353:
764:
752:
667:
607:
540:
421:
405:
393:
362:
299:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1328:
1074:
2359:"Diagenesis of a Seamount Oolite from the West Pacific, Leg 20, DSDP"
949:"Diagenesis of a seamount oolite from the West Pacific, Leg 20, DSDP"
870:
862:
854:
842:
834:
830:
780:
768:
700:
678:
663:
651:
643:
584:
564:
557:
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513:
497:
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481:
460:
452:
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425:
342:
314:
267:
250:
98:
94:
90:
origin although Ita Mai Tai itself may not have formed on a hotspot.
1694:
1244:
274:. At their foot, sediments descending from the seamount have formed
1875:
1851:
1709:
1585:
1311:
1294:
1205:
1089:
476:
have aroused scientific interest in the seamount. Some evidence of
1722:
Petersen, L.D.; Duennebier, F.K.; Shipley, T.H. (September 1986),
1644:
1642:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
736:
615:
599:
275:
259:
18:
1150:
1148:
1146:
931:
929:
927:
2192:
Wang, Yueyun; Zhou, Yadong; Wang, Chunsheng (25 November 2021).
1402:
1256:
869:
granted a Chinese company a contract that allowed it to explore
858:
822:
756:
704:
659:
595:
472:
440:
401:
397:
346:
106:
1940:
1928:
1758:
1530:
1414:
1165:
1163:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1017:
141:
and is probably a reference to unsuccessful attempts to obtain
2035:
2011:
1999:
1032:
914:
912:
910:
539:, Ita Mai Tai emerged above sea level. From the Aptian to the
358:
1892:
1518:
1340:
1271:
1232:
532:
dating has yielded ages of about 118-120 million years ago.
1987:
1904:
1863:
262:, steps and terraces are dispersed all over the seamount.
432:
rocks have also been encountered within the limestones.
2957:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
2703:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
2472:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
1782:, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 220,
1055:
1053:
249:
platform. There is evidence that the flat summit was a
2851:
Xu, Peng; Zhou, Yadong; Wang, Chunsheng (2017-07-13).
2786:
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 20
2755:
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 20
2366:
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 20
1953:
Haggerty, J.A.; Premoli Silva, I. (September 1986),
1731:
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 89
670:
developed on the Gelendzhik seamount as well, where
1780:
The Deep Sea Drilling Project: A Decade of Progress
198:. These structures may have formed on top of large
504:but it can't be reliably linked to any particular
2777:The Shipboard Scientific Party (November 1973b),
1815:
1648:
1597:
1217:
1188:
935:
137:and means "no damn good". The name was coined by
2746:The Shipboard Scientific Party (November 1973),
1769:
1767:
2808:Wedgeworth, Bruce S.; Kellogg, James N (1987).
2238:
1169:
309:The seamount lies on the eastern margin of the
2047:
1154:
2122:
2110:
1137:
918:
901:
594:were deposited on Ita Mai Tai, presumably by
8:
500:periods. It originated in what today is the
220:Ita Mai Tai is considered to be part of the
1354:"GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names"
484:deposits within the ferromanganese crusts.
2179:
1044:
2882:
2864:
2793:
2762:
2451:
2373:
2148:
1967:
1738:
480:alteration has been found in the form of
337:Among the rocks found at Ita Mai Tai are
2253:Marine Georesources & Geotechnology
2023:
1893:Mel'nikov, Tugolesov & Pletnev 2010
1519:Mel'nikov, Tugolesov & Pletnev 2010
1341:Mel'nikov, Tugolesov & Pletnev 2010
1272:Mel'nikov, Tugolesov & Pletnev 2010
1233:Mel'nikov, Tugolesov & Pletnev 2010
1059:
977:Marine Georesources & Geotechnology
894:
755:, which dominate the animal community,
563:During three different episodes in the
121:were deposited on the submerged rocks.
2297:
2286:
674:including belemnites have been found.
654:-containing limestone was formed by a
1988:Zakharov, Mel'nikov & Khudik 2003
1905:Zakharov, Mel'nikov & Khudik 2003
1864:Zakharov, Mel'nikov & Khudik 2003
1839:
1827:
492:Ita Mai Tai erupted first during the
7:
1941:The Shipboard Scientific Party 1973b
1929:The Shipboard Scientific Party 1973b
1018:The Shipboard Scientific Party 1973b
2391:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
2036:The Shipboard Scientific Party 1973
2012:The Shipboard Scientific Party 1973
2000:The Shipboard Scientific Party 1973
1033:The Shipboard Scientific Party 1973
2903:Russian Journal of Pacific Geology
2670:Russian Journal of Pacific Geology
2633:Russian Journal of Pacific Geology
2592:Russian Journal of Pacific Geology
2555:Russian Journal of Pacific Geology
953:Scientific Ocean Drilling Database
408:. The limestone takes the form of
14:
1429:Lithology and Mineral Resources
3016:Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean
1774:Schlanger, Seymour O. (1981),
867:International Seabed Authority
813:, which lives within sponges.
524:episode took place during the
1:
2795:10.2973/dsdp.proc.20.109.1973
2764:10.2973/dsdp.proc.20.108.1973
2411:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00175-7
2375:10.2973/dsdp.proc.20.119.1973
2265:10.1080/1064119X.2021.1973161
1969:10.2973/dsdp.proc.89.112.1986
1816:Wedgeworth & Kellogg 1987
1740:10.2973/dsdp.proc.89.126.1986
1649:Wedgeworth & Kellogg 1987
1598:Wedgeworth & Kellogg 1987
1565:10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00188-6
1218:Wedgeworth & Kellogg 1987
1189:Wedgeworth & Kellogg 1987
989:10.1080/1064119X.2019.1648615
936:Wedgeworth & Kellogg 1987
16:Seamount in the Pacific Ocean
2814:Geophysical Monograph Series
2141:European Journal of Taxonomy
1667:Geological Bulletin of China
190:whose seafloor is dotted by
162:Academician Mstislav Keldysh
101:and possibly as late as the
2357:Hesse, R. (November 1973),
829:with smaller quantities of
658:. The reef was affected by
3032:
2322:Geochemistry International
801:Spongicoloides weijiaensis
2977:10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103223
2915:10.1134/s1819714007010058
2866:10.3897/zookeys.685.11341
2723:10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103661
2682:10.1134/S1819714021010061
2645:10.1134/S1819714020050048
2604:10.1134/s1819714016060038
2567:10.1134/s1819714012030037
2529:10.1134/s0001437010040144
2492:10.1016/j.dsr.2005.04.009
2334:10.1134/s0016702910050010
2210:10.1007/s13131-021-1885-0
2150:10.5852/ejt.2021.739.1273
2082:10.1134/s000143700602010x
1493:10.1134/S1028334X08060305
1441:10.1134/s0024490215060073
512:volcaniclastic rocks, an
439:salts which also include
377:; volcanic rocks contain
281:The seamount has several
147:Deep Sea Drilling Project
125:Name and research history
2432:Earth, Planets and Space
2198:Acta Oceanologica Sinica
2180:Xu, Zhou & Wang 2017
1045:Xu, Zhou & Wang 2017
662:activity and there were
113:. Especially during the
2444:2003EP&S...55..355.
2403:1998E&PSL.163...53K
323:Ogasawara Fracture Zone
1788:10.2110/pec.81.32.0209
1473:Doklady Earth Sciences
792:Gibbosaverruca weijiai
715:Ecological communities
666:environments as well.
27:
1876:Mel'nikov et al. 2012
1852:Mel'nikov et al. 2012
1710:Mel'nikov et al. 2012
1695:Mel'nikov et al. 2016
1586:Mel'nikov et al. 2012
1312:Mel'nikov et al. 2012
1295:Mel'nikov et al. 2012
1245:Mel'nikov et al. 2016
1206:Mel'nikov et al. 2012
1090:Mel'nikov et al. 2012
270:formed presumably by
169:Geography and geology
22:
3011:Cretaceous volcanoes
1917:Zakharov et al. 2007
1403:Petukhov et al. 2020
1391:Zakharov et al. 2007
1257:Petukhov et al. 2020
560:forming underwater.
548:occurred during the
535:At least during the
2969:2020DSRI..15803223Z
2826:1987GMS....43...73W
2715:2021DSRI..17803661S
2521:2010Ocgy...50..582M
2484:2005DSRI...52.1932L
2074:2006Ocgy...46..238K
1759:Koppers et al. 1998
1557:2000ChGeo.166..139K
1531:Koppers et al. 1998
1485:2008DokES.421..995P
1415:Koppers et al. 1998
1126:Koppers et al. 1998
1114:Koppers et al. 1998
1102:Koppers et al. 1998
851:rare earth elements
469:rare earth elements
44: /
2834:10.1029/GM043p0073
2453:10.1186/bf03351769
1634:Asavin et al. 2010
1622:Asavin et al. 2010
1610:Asavin et al. 2010
1600:, pp. 77, 79.
1329:Asavin et al. 2010
1075:Asavin et al. 2010
821:Crusts containing
222:Magellan Seamounts
84:Magellan Seamounts
28:
2478:(10): 1932–1956.
329:north-northwest.
230:Rarotonga hotspot
205:episodes, moving
135:Tahitian language
86:which may have a
74:northwest of the
3023:
2996:
2947:
2940:Tikhookean. Geol
2934:
2896:
2886:
2868:
2847:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2783:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2752:
2742:
2693:
2664:
2623:
2586:
2548:
2503:
2465:
2455:
2422:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2363:
2353:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2259:(9): 1139–1150.
2248:
2242:
2239:Zhao et al. 2020
2236:
2230:
2229:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2152:
2143:(739): 158–167.
2132:
2126:
2123:Shen et al. 2021
2120:
2114:
2111:Shen et al. 2021
2108:
2102:
2101:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1673:(2–3): 260–266.
1658:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1545:Chemical Geology
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1505:
1504:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1315:
1309:
1298:
1292:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1173:
1170:Zhao et al. 2020
1167:
1158:
1152:
1141:
1138:Shen et al. 2021
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1008:
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
945:
939:
933:
922:
916:
905:
899:
810:Ceuthonoe nezhai
488:Geologic history
253:surrounded by a
215:transform faults
211:mid-ocean ridges
192:oceanic plateaus
76:Marshall Islands
59:
58:
56:
55:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
40:
37:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2950:
2937:
2899:
2850:
2844:
2807:
2800:
2798:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2767:
2750:
2745:
2696:
2667:
2626:
2589:
2551:
2506:
2468:
2425:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2361:
2356:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2295:
2285:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2050:, p. 1947.
2048:Lee et al. 2005
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1686:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1508:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1318:
1310:
1301:
1293:
1278:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1195:
1187:
1176:
1168:
1161:
1157:, p. 1935.
1155:Lee et al. 2005
1153:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1012:
973:
972:
968:
958:
956:
947:
946:
942:
934:
925:
919:Lee et al. 2003
917:
908:
902:Lee et al. 2003
900:
896:
891:
879:
865:. In 2014, the
819:
797:deep sea sponge
723:corals without
717:
490:
335:
296:parasitic vents
246:
238:Society hotspot
188:Western Pacific
184:Eastern Pacific
176:
171:
139:Bruce C. Heezen
133:comes from the
127:
52:
50:
46:
43:
38:
35:
33:
31:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2948:
2942:(in Russian).
2935:
2897:
2848:
2842:
2805:
2774:
2743:
2694:
2665:
2639:(5): 460–471.
2624:
2598:(6): 435–442.
2587:
2561:(3): 217–229.
2549:
2515:(4): 582–590.
2504:
2466:
2438:(6): 355–360.
2423:
2397:(1–4): 53–68.
2385:
2354:
2328:(5): 423–445.
2316:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2243:
2231:
2184:
2172:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1945:
1943:, p. 101.
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1895:, p. 587.
1880:
1878:, p. 222.
1868:
1856:
1854:, p. 227.
1844:
1842:, p. 367.
1832:
1830:, p. 363.
1820:
1808:
1796:
1763:
1751:
1714:
1712:, p. 228.
1699:
1697:, p. 439.
1684:
1669:(in Chinese).
1653:
1638:
1636:, p. 430.
1626:
1624:, p. 444.
1614:
1612:, p. 423.
1602:
1590:
1588:, p. 221.
1578:
1535:
1523:
1521:, p. 588.
1506:
1462:
1419:
1407:
1405:, p. 464.
1395:
1370:
1345:
1343:, p. 584.
1333:
1331:, p. 424.
1316:
1314:, p. 218.
1299:
1297:, p. 220.
1276:
1274:, p. 586.
1261:
1259:, p. 465.
1249:
1247:, p. 440.
1237:
1235:, p. 583.
1222:
1210:
1208:, p. 219.
1193:
1174:
1159:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1092:, p. 217.
1079:
1077:, p. 426.
1064:
1049:
1037:
1022:
1010:
966:
940:
923:
921:, p. 356.
906:
904:, p. 359.
893:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
878:
875:
818:
815:
716:
713:
489:
486:
445:trace elements
339:alkali basalts
334:
331:
245:
242:
175:
172:
170:
167:
126:
123:
48:12.9°N 156.9°E
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3028:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2859:(685): 1–14.
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2843:9781118664209
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2303:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2038:, p. 93.
2037:
2032:
2029:
2026:, p. 80.
2025:
2020:
2017:
2014:, p. 88.
2013:
2008:
2005:
2002:, p. 89.
2001:
1996:
1993:
1990:, p. 38.
1989:
1984:
1981:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1931:, p. 98.
1930:
1925:
1922:
1919:, p. 38.
1918:
1913:
1910:
1907:, p. 46.
1906:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1866:, p. 44.
1865:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1818:, p. 81.
1817:
1812:
1809:
1799:
1797:9781565761629
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1761:, p. 60.
1760:
1755:
1752:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1651:, p. 83.
1650:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1533:, p. 55.
1532:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1417:, p. 56.
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1393:, p. 36.
1392:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:, p. 79.
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:, p. 74.
1190:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1128:, p. 66.
1127:
1122:
1119:
1116:, p. 61.
1115:
1110:
1107:
1104:, p. 54.
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1062:, p. 75.
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1035:, p. 87.
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1020:, p. 87.
1019:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
970:
967:
954:
950:
944:
941:
938:, p. 73.
937:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
888:
884:
881:
880:
876:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
816:
814:
812:
811:
807:
803:
802:
798:
794:
793:
789:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:glass sponges
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:zooxanthelles
722:
721:scleractinian
714:
712:
710:
709:Pacific Ocean
706:
702:
699:
695:
691:
688:
687:foraminiferal
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Maastrichtian
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:South Pacific
499:
495:
487:
485:
483:
479:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
389:
387:
383:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
332:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:Mariana Basin
307:
305:
304:research ship
301:
297:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
263:
261:
256:
252:
243:
241:
239:
235:
234:Samoa hotspot
231:
227:
226:South Pacific
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Pacific Ocean
173:
168:
166:
164:
163:
157:
156:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
78:and north of
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
57:
25:
21:
2960:
2956:
2943:
2939:
2909:(1): 29–41.
2906:
2902:
2856:
2817:
2813:
2799:, retrieved
2785:
2768:, retrieved
2754:
2706:
2702:
2676:(1): 72–83.
2673:
2669:
2636:
2632:
2595:
2591:
2558:
2554:
2512:
2508:
2475:
2471:
2435:
2431:
2394:
2390:
2379:, retrieved
2365:
2325:
2321:
2289:cite journal
2256:
2252:
2246:
2241:, p. 7.
2234:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2182:, p. 1.
2175:
2140:
2130:
2125:, p. 8.
2118:
2113:, p. 5.
2106:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2024:Pletnev 2021
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1973:, retrieved
1955:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1801:, retrieved
1779:
1754:
1744:, retrieved
1730:
1717:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1551:(1–2): 145.
1548:
1544:
1538:
1526:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1363:16 September
1361:. Retrieved
1348:
1336:
1252:
1240:
1213:
1172:, p. 2.
1140:, p. 2.
1133:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1060:Pletnev 2021
1047:, p. 2.
1040:
1013:
980:
976:
969:
959:30 September
957:. Retrieved
952:
943:
897:
820:
808:
799:
790:
761:holothurians
718:
676:
628:foraminifera
562:
534:
491:
478:hydrothermal
434:
390:
375:trachybasalt
336:
308:
285:crosscut by
280:
264:
247:
219:
177:
161:
153:
130:
128:
107:Reef systems
92:
60:
29:
2946:(5): 51–57.
745:echinoderms
741:crustaceans
719:Presently,
703:. However,
698:radiolarian
677:During the
672:cephalopods
648:sea urchins
640:pogonophora
624:echinoderms
530:Radiometric
443:and absorb
430:Terrigenous
418:gravelstone
386:plagioclase
333:Composition
150:drill cores
143:drill cores
131:Ita Mai Tai
61:Ita Mai Tai
53:12.9; 156.9
51: /
3005:Categories
2963:: 103223.
2801:2018-09-16
2770:2018-09-16
2709:: 103661.
2509:Oceanology
2381:2018-09-30
2298:|url=
2068:(2): 238.
2062:Oceanology
1975:2018-09-16
1840:Hesse 1973
1828:Hesse 1973
1803:2018-09-18
1746:2018-10-06
1479:(2): 996.
889:References
883:Pako Guyot
839:molybdenum
806:polychaete
749:ophiuroids
747:including
733:octocorals
731:mainly as
729:cnidarians
694:fish teeth
683:Quaternary
656:coral reef
632:gastropods
604:belemnites
592:limestones
545:carbonates
526:Cretaceous
457:molybdenum
428:settings.
367:tholeiites
283:rift zones
278:deposits.
272:subsidence
255:coral reef
200:Cretaceous
111:limestones
80:Micronesia
65:Cretaceous
24:Bathymetry
2993:213815342
2985:0967-0637
2931:129404630
2923:1819-7140
2875:1313-2989
2820:: 73–84.
2739:240472694
2731:0967-0637
2690:232042072
2661:222213924
2653:1819-7159
2620:132364693
2612:1819-7140
2583:128945190
2575:1819-7140
2545:128475565
2537:0001-4370
2500:0967-0637
2462:1880-5981
2419:0012-821X
2350:129118428
2342:0016-7029
2281:239678798
2273:1064-119X
2226:244588155
2218:0253-505X
2204:(12): 1.
2167:233660568
2159:2118-9773
2098:128414450
2090:0001-4370
1679:1671-2552
1573:0009-2541
1501:129234733
1457:129963490
1449:0024-4902
1005:202188742
997:1064-119X
827:manganese
777:echinoids
636:ostracods
612:bryozoans
581:Paleocene
573:Santonian
550:Oligocene
537:Paleocene
516:dome and
510:Campanian
437:manganese
414:sandstone
410:siltstone
379:potassium
371:trachytes
355:limestone
351:hawaiites
321:age. The
196:seamounts
129:The name
115:Oligocene
2893:29089835
1435:(1): 4.
983:(9): 5.
877:See also
847:platinum
788:barnacle
785:verrucid
765:porifers
753:crinoids
668:Bioherms
664:lagoonal
620:decapods
608:bivalves
589:oolithic
569:Turonian
558:oolithes
518:Pliocene
506:hot spot
465:platinum
447:such as
426:lagoonal
406:tuffites
382:feldspar
363:picrites
319:Jurassic
207:hotspots
186:and the
174:Regional
160:RV
155:Jiaolong
103:Pliocene
72:seamount
69:Cenozoic
39:156°54′E
2965:Bibcode
2884:5646664
2857:ZooKeys
2822:Bibcode
2711:Bibcode
2517:Bibcode
2480:Bibcode
2440:Bibcode
2399:Bibcode
2313:Sources
2300:value (
2070:Bibcode
1553:Bibcode
1481:Bibcode
781:shrimps
769:sponges
701:fossils
644:rudists
556:, with
541:Miocene
422:coquina
394:breccia
343:basalts
327:Fedorov
300:caldera
268:grabens
88:hotspot
67:-early
36:12°54′N
2991:
2983:
2929:
2921:
2891:
2881:
2873:
2840:
2737:
2729:
2688:
2659:
2651:
2618:
2610:
2581:
2573:
2543:
2535:
2498:
2460:
2417:
2348:
2340:
2296:Check
2279:
2271:
2224:
2216:
2165:
2157:
2096:
2088:
1794:
1677:
1571:
1499:
1455:
1447:
1003:
995:
955:. 1973
871:cobalt
863:mining
855:sulfur
843:nickel
835:copper
831:cobalt
817:Mining
767:, and
737:corals
679:Eocene
652:oolith
616:corals
585:Eocene
565:Aptian
554:Eocene
522:uplift
514:Eocene
498:Aptian
494:Albian
482:barite
461:nickel
453:copper
449:cobalt
315:Aptian
260:scarps
251:lagoon
203:uplift
99:Albian
95:Aptian
2989:S2CID
2927:S2CID
2782:(PDF)
2751:(PDF)
2735:S2CID
2686:S2CID
2657:S2CID
2616:S2CID
2579:S2CID
2541:S2CID
2362:(PDF)
2346:S2CID
2277:S2CID
2222:S2CID
2163:S2CID
2094:S2CID
1960:(PDF)
1727:(PDF)
1497:S2CID
1453:S2CID
1358:GEBCO
1001:S2CID
705:tuffs
600:algae
596:reefs
402:tuffs
347:clays
291:sills
287:dykes
276:talus
244:Local
119:oozes
63:is a
2981:ISSN
2919:ISSN
2889:PMID
2871:ISSN
2838:ISBN
2727:ISSN
2649:ISSN
2608:ISSN
2571:ISSN
2533:ISSN
2496:ISSN
2458:ISSN
2415:ISSN
2338:ISSN
2302:help
2269:ISSN
2214:ISSN
2155:ISSN
2086:ISSN
1792:ISBN
1675:ISSN
1569:ISSN
1445:ISSN
1365:2018
993:ISSN
961:2018
859:zinc
857:and
825:and
823:iron
795:and
779:and
757:fish
751:and
696:and
690:ooze
660:wave
646:and
579:and
496:and
473:zinc
471:and
441:iron
420:and
404:and
398:lava
384:and
373:and
359:muds
289:and
236:and
213:and
194:and
178:The
2973:doi
2961:158
2911:doi
2879:PMC
2861:doi
2830:doi
2790:doi
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2719:doi
2707:178
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2641:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
