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would be located where the MSHS marker stood, so the marker was moved to a spot closer to the street. Installation of the monument was originally planned for
November 2017, but brown-colored defects were found in the stone and it was rejected. A new stone was ordered, with installation expected in May 2018. The memorial was in place by August 2018 with a dedication ceremony on December 24, 2018 - the 105th anniversary of the disaster. The stone was sourced from India and lists the names and ages of the 73 who died.
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to do so was estimated at $ 500,000. Italian Hall was demolished in
October 1984. The Friends group proposed that a memorial be made incorporating the doorway, and it was set aside from demolition. On October 1, 1987, a Michigan State Historic Site informational marker was erected on the site. Italian Hall was removed from the National Register of Historic Places on April 14, 1988.
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385:. This doorway opened to a foyer with access to the saloon on its right. Straight ahead was a set of double doors separating it from a 5.75-foot-wide staircase (1.75 m) that led up to an 8-by-10-foot (2.4 by 3.0 m) vestibule that opened to the hall on the second floor 38 feet (12 m) from the front of the building.
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No culprit was identified, despite a coroner's inquest held a few days afterward and a congressional investigation in 1914. It is a common misconception that the disaster was caused by inward-opening doors; they in fact opened outward. The idea that the doors opened inward, introduced in the 1950s by
536:
on July 23, 1980. In 1980, the building received threats of condemnation from the village for its unsafe condition and its owner, Helen Smith, was incapable of maintaining it. The
Friends of the Italian Hall organized to preserve the building; however, they conceded it was not possible when the cost
475:
and the Women's
Auxiliary of the WFM and held at Italian Hall. About 500 children and 175 parents were in attendance in the second-floor hall. In late afternoon, the children were lined up to receive presents when the cry of "fire" was heard. Even though there was no fire, they rushed down
388:
The hall measured 78 by 38 feet (24 by 12 m). At the rear was a 20-foot-wide (6.1 m) stage, beneath which was a kitchen and to one side was a barroom. Along the southern wall was a viewing gallery overlooking the hall. The hall also had two fire escapes. The hall was used for the society's
580:
In 2017, work began to add a monument at the site listing the names of the people who died in the 1913 disaster. Black granite was selected for the 8.5 by 4.5 ft (2.6 by 1.4 m) monument because of its durability compared to other colors of granite or a memorial made of glass. The monument
556:
As of 2010, the park consisted primarily of the doorway arch and a few historic markers set in the middle of the lot. The doorway is adorned with brass plaques contributed by those who donated to the effort to create the memorial. The
Michigan State Historic Site marker details the 1913 disaster on
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The two storefronts were eliminated, most likely in either 1961 or 1966, and replaced by a single entrance at the center of the first floor. In the approximate center of each former storefront were irregular octagonal windows. By 1975, the cornice had been removed and the southernmost arched window
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and remained in that use through at least the end of the year. At the time of the 1913 disaster, the southern space was occupied by a saloon owned by
Dominic Vairo; the original tenants are unknown. At the south end of the building's front was a doorway, framed by brick pilasters, with capitals and
561:
marker about Anna
Clemenc once stood, but it was removed at some point. There are also brick paths, concrete benches, shrubbery, and a flagpole on the site. There have been plans for further interpretative exhibits on the site up to the addition of a museum and theater, though plans for the latter
420:
organized in 1875 and was incorporated under state law in 1889. The organization's hall was nearly completed when it collapsed in 1890 in heavy winds. In 1891, it was rebuilt as a large wooden building with two storefronts on the first floor and a hall on the second. This building burned down on
540:
The 75th anniversary of the disaster, in 1988, spurred action regarding the site. In 1989, the site of the former building was made into a memorial park and the doorway was re-erected on the property. Volunteer labor to create the park was provided by local union members. In 2004, the doorway
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When built, the first floor consisted of two shop spaces with stock rooms and living spaces at the rear. The store fronts each had a centered, recessed entrance flanked by windows. Each shop had access to separate halves of the basement. On April 5, 1913, the northern space was let to
352:. There were three chimneys, two along the north wall and one about midway on the south. The roof, supported by I-beams spanning the width of the building, sloped from the front and rear to a low point about a third of the way from the rear. The first and second floors both had
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the staircase in an attempt to escape and those at the bottom suffocated under the crush of people. The precise number of dead has never been fully determined, but more than seventy died, mostly children. The disaster was reported in such newspapers as
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The most recent
Italian Hall was constructed in 1908 at a cost of $ 25,000 to serve as the society's headquarters. It was designed by architect Paul Humphrey Macneil and built by P. J. Donahue as general contractor. The building was dedicated on
2789:
289:, built in 1908 and demolished in 1984. Two prior buildings known popularly as "Italian Hall" had stood on the site. The first floor housed commercial space with a large hall on the second floor. The building served as headquarters for the
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reported on
December 25, 1913, that a quick count indicated 74 bodies had been pulled from the stairway with the possibility of unaccounted fatalities; the next day, however, the newspaper reported that the official death toll was
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327:, measuring 58 by 118 feet (18 by 36 m) like all others in block 31. The two-story building faced east and was rectangular, about 58 by 100 feet (18 by 30 m). The walls were constructed of
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After the 1913 disaster, Italian Hall remained in use for about 50 years. In 1975, historian Kevin
Harrington compiled a report on Italian Hall as part of the
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style. It was located in the 400 block of Seventh Street between Elm and Pine Streets in Calumet. It was situated on lot 9, block 31 of the original
619:
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577:, the MSHS marker was modified in June 2013 to omit any mention of the doors or the direction they opened; it previously claimed that the doors opened inward.
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in Calumet. As of 2012, one of the stairway's steps is displayed in the visitor center of the KNHP in Calumet. Because of arguments presented in Steve Lehto's
1920:
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underwent repairs which included the installation of a copper cap on the arch. As of 2011, the park is owned by the village of Calumet and maintained by the
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1958:
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January 1, 1908, without causing any injuries or fatalities. All these prior buildings on the site have been popularly known as "Italian Hall".
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boarded up. In addition, a passage had been opened between the two halves of the basement and the first floor had been remodeled several times.
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masonry. The façade was divided into seven bays, each with an arched window on the second floor. On the main wall was a cast metal
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one side and the building's history on the other. There was a stone marker bearing a photograph of Italian Hall. In the rear, a
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students began surveying the site for archaeological remains with the intent to improve landscaping and site interpretation.
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activities and was rented out to the community; six or seven organizations met regularly in Italian Hall circa 1914.
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The 1975 HABS report gives a best estimate of 74, with tolls of 71 to over 80 having been suggested. The 2005 book
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Conditions in the Copper Mines of Michigan: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Mines and Mining
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295:(Italian Mutual Benefit Society) and hosted community events. The hall is notorious as the site of
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at a Christmas party. Since demolition, the site has served as a memorial park. The property is a
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Harry Benedict, was pervasive enough to be included on the Michigan State Historic Site marker.
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1353:"Eighty Lives Were Crushed out in Panic Caused by Cry of "Fire" at Festival in Calumet, Mich"
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328:
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471:. On December 24, 1913, a Christmas party for the children of strikers was arranged by
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1692:"Hard Stone for Hard History: Black granite picked for Italian Hall memorial monument"
406:
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2249:
513:
509:
2870:
University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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As of 2010, the exterior doors from the base of the stairway are on display at the
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437:, but, due to a family death, he could not attend and it was read by someone else.
426:
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Re-erected doorway arch and Michigan State Historic Site marker as seen in 2001
637:
528:, in which the building was recorded as vacant. The building was designated a
92:
79:
2394:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Houghton County, Michigan
2065:
1817:
675:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Houghton County, Michigan
378:
342:
1624:"New information about Italian Hall doors leads to site marker revision"
1554:
613:
The Italian Hall site in 2018 before the granite memorial was installed
332:
2865:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
2039:
Strangers and Sojourners: A History of Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula
763:. National Park Service. 1988. April 24, 1988 – April 30, 1988
670:
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Houghton County, Michigan
547:
450:
405:
358:
2961:
National Register of Historic Places in Houghton County, Michigan
722:
552:
The step on display at the KNHP visitor center in Calumet in 2012
324:
2410:
2080:
2019:
Big Annie of Calumet: A true story of the Industrial Revolution
1980:
Mine Towns: Buildings for Workers in Michigan's Copper Country
1102:
1100:
824:. Michigan State Housing Development Authority. Archived from
2000:
Death's door: the truth behind Michigan's largest mass murder
625:
The granite memorial in 2019 listing the names of the victims
1818:"Installation of Italian Hall monument delayed until spring"
1913:"Italian Hall Disaster victims remembered on Christmas Eve"
1069:. Michigan Technological University. Image #MTU Neg 02543.
1725:"Fundraising For Italian Hall Victims' Memorial Continues"
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by Peggy Germain reproduced 73 death certificates.
285:
was a two-story commercial and recreational building in
2956:
Former National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
2315:
Saint Henry's Evangelical Lutheran Church and Cemetery
1882:"Italian Hall granite monument to be dedicated Monday"
1756:"Plans to build granite monument at Italian Hall site"
2931:
Buildings and structures in Houghton County, Michigan
1325:"83 Names Finally Placed on List of Those Dead"
864:(22). National Park Service: 10639. February 3, 1981
2845:
2824:
2798:
2757:
2490:
2467:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
2444:
2376:
2353:
2190:
2163:
Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District
2118:
1050:(Report). Government Printing Office. p. 2098.
363:
Saloon and doorway to the second floor hall in 1913
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23:
1333:. St. Petersburg, FL. December 25, 1913. p. 1
2498:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1848:"Site improvements made at Italian Hall property"
1787:"Monument to Italian Hall victims moving forward"
1290:"80 Children Victims of False Alarm of Fire"
1044:United States House Committee on Mines and Mining
2951:Michigan State Historic Sites in Houghton County
1458:"Council hears concerns about Italian Hall Park"
2971:Demolished buildings and structures in Michigan
2890:National Register of Historic Places portal
2398:List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
1658:"Italian Hall Park to receive a stone monument"
1551:"Improvements are coming to Italian Hall Site"
1298:. December 25, 1913. p. 1. Archived from
1263:. December 25, 1913. p. 1. Archived from
512:later wrote a song about the disaster titled "
455:Funeral procession for victims of the disaster
2422:
2092:
429:, 1908. The dedication speech was written by
415:
336:
290:
158:
8:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
370:The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company
2941:Buildings and structures demolished in 1984
2921:Romanesque Revival architecture in Michigan
2143:East Hancock Neighborhood Historic District
1875:
1873:
1651:
1649:
1489:"Big Annie focus of new Copperotwn exhibit"
1382:
1380:
662:National Register of Historic Places portal
2429:
2415:
2407:
2099:
2085:
2077:
1957:. National Park Service. HABS No. MI-425.
990:
963:
951:
932:
909:
882:
818:"Italian Hall Disaster Informational Site"
752:
750:
299:in which over 70 people died after a
20:
2438:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2270:Lake Linden Village Hall and Fire Station
2042:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
216:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1685:
1683:
1579:
1443:
1419:
1255:"Threescore Children Dead in Fire Panic"
1178:
1147:
1130:
1106:
1091:
1021:
845:
843:
16:Demolished building in Calumet, Michigan
2368:Quincy Mining Company Historic District
1719:
1717:
1431:
1189:
1187:
1118:
851:"Annual Listing of Historic Properties"
714:
686:
591:
532:on June 6, 1977, and was listed on the
2936:Commercial buildings completed in 1908
2260:Keweenaw Waterway Upper Entrance Light
2255:Keweenaw Waterway Lower Entrance Light
1964:from the original on February 23, 2017
1766:from the original on December 23, 2017
1520:"KNHP eyes Italian Hall site, history"
1389:"Remembering the Italian Hall tragedy"
1226:"Wants U.S. Inquiry in Calumet Horror"
1073:from the original on December 31, 2017
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
785:
774:
723:"National Register Information System"
2133:Calumet and Hecla Industrial District
1880:Jaehnig, Graham (December 22, 2018).
1828:from the original on January 12, 2018
1797:from the original on January 11, 2018
1754:Williams, Julie (December 22, 2017).
1735:from the original on January 12, 2018
1603:from the original on October 19, 2013
1002:
307:and the building was formerly on the
7:
2946:Italian-American culture in Michigan
2108:National Register of Historic Places
1911:Powell, Mariah (December 24, 2018).
1785:Jaehnig, Graham (October 18, 2017).
1549:Mays, Gabrielle (October 22, 2012).
1518:Hauglie, Kurt (September 26, 2008).
728:National Register of Historic Places
586:Progression of the Italian Hall site
534:National Register of Historic Places
309:National Register of Historic Places
2300:Quincy Mine No. 2 Shaft Hoist House
2245:Jacobsville Finnish Lutheran Church
1702:from the original on March 23, 2017
1668:from the original on March 29, 2017
562:have not panned out. In late 2012,
2853:National Historic Preservation Act
2240:J. Vivian Jr. and Company Building
2215:County Road C117–Pike River Bridge
2138:Calumet Downtown Historic District
2128:Big Traverse Bay Historic District
1955:Historic American Buildings Survey
1690:Jaehnig, Graham (March 23, 2017).
1622:Blakely, Sarah (August 14, 2013).
1499:from the original on June 26, 2018
1387:Hauglie, Kurt (October 21, 2010).
526:Historic American Buildings Survey
417:Società Mutua Beneficenza Italiana
338:Societa Mutua Beneficenza Italiana
292:Società Mutua Beneficenza Italiana
160:Società Mutua Beneficenza Italiana
14:
2265:Keweenaw National Historical Park
1983:. University of Minnesota Press.
1854:. August 30, 2018. Archived from
1656:Jaehnig, Graham (March 8, 2017).
1456:Hauglie, Kurt (August 19, 2009).
564:Michigan Technological University
543:Keweenaw National Historical Park
319:Italian Hall was designed in the
35:Italian Hall on December 25, 1913
2926:Commercial buildings in Michigan
2895:
2894:
2883:
2210:College Club House and Gymnasium
2181:
2173:Shelden Avenue Historic District
2064:
1599:. November 10, 2011. p. 1.
1195:"Xmas-Tree Panic Costs 80 Lives"
654:
640:
618:
606:
594:
500:of St. Petersburg, Florida, and
435:Calumet and Hecla Mining Company
29:
2966:1908 establishments in Michigan
2290:Old Hancock Central High School
2230:Hancock Town Hall and Fire Hall
2168:Quincy Street Historic District
2002:. Momentum Books. p. 232.
1816:Snitz, Lee (December 5, 2017).
1487:Hauglie, Kurt (June 25, 2013).
130:
2806:Federated States of Micronesia
2452:Architectural style categories
2335:South Range Community Building
1593:"Return To the Union Building"
1526:. Houghton, MI. Archived from
1464:. Houghton, MI. Archived from
1397:. Houghton, MI. Archived from
1365:. December 25, 1913. p. 1
236:
1:
2148:Lake Linden Historic District
559:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame
433:, the general manager of the
341:, supported at either end by
2320:Saint Ignatius Loyola Church
2158:Painesdale Historic District
1977:Hoagland, Alison K. (2010).
530:Michigan State Historic Site
465:Western Federation of Miners
305:Michigan State Historic Site
214:Formerly listed on the
2355:National Historic Landmarks
2225:First Congregational Church
2036:Thurner, Arthur W. (1994).
1760:TV6 Upper Michigan's Source
758:"Weekly Register List 1988"
2987:
2858:Historic Preservation Fund
2837:American Legation, Morocco
2235:Houghton County Courthouse
1946:Harrington, Kevin (1975).
444:
2878:
2799:Lists by associated state
2388:
2363:Calumet Historic District
2179:
2153:Laurium Historic District
2112:Houghton County, Michigan
1067:Keweenaw Digital Archives
1063:"Buildings: Italian Hall"
410:Architect Paul H. Macneil
276:
235:NRHP reference
222:
212:
208:
204:
40:
28:
2780:Northern Mariana Islands
1886:The Daily Mining Gazette
1791:The Daily Mining Gazette
1696:The Daily Mining Gazette
1662:The Daily Mining Gazette
1524:The Daily Mining Gazette
1493:The Daily Mining Gazette
1462:The Daily Mining Gazette
1394:The Daily Mining Gazette
1295:The Atlanta Constitution
491:The Atlanta Constitution
2345:Thomas H. Hoatson House
2305:Ransom B. Shelden House
2295:Old Main, Suomi College
2205:Chassell School Complex
2017:Stanley, Jerry (1996).
1628:Upper Michigan's Source
1597:Copper Country Explorer
1330:The Evening Independent
1313:(subscription required)
1278:(subscription required)
497:The Evening Independent
414:The benevolent society
180:Design and construction
2775:Minor Outlying Islands
2758:Lists by insular areas
2472:Keeper of the Register
784:Cite journal requires
553:
456:
416:
411:
364:
337:
291:
159:
2477:National Park Service
2457:Contributing property
2285:Joseph Bosch Building
2280:John J. Michels House
2071:Italian Hall, Calumet
1998:Lehto, Steve (2006).
828:on September 21, 2013
822:Historic Sites Online
733:National Park Service
571:Coppertown USA Museum
551:
454:
447:Italian Hall disaster
409:
383:Jacobsville Sandstone
377:supporting an arched
362:
188:Paul Humphrey Macneil
2832:District of Columbia
2200:Calumet Fire Station
2073:at Wikimedia Commons
2021:. Crown Publishers.
1923:on December 24, 2018
335:, bearing the words
315:Architecture and use
261:Designated MSHS
109:Construction started
2340:The Calumet Theatre
2330:Smith–Dengler House
2192:Historic properties
1634:on October 18, 2013
1302:on January 31, 2013
1235:. December 26, 1913
1206:. December 25, 1913
1109:, pp. 222–223.
1046:(March 5–7, 1914).
461:a strike was called
301:false cry of "fire"
93:47.2484°N 88.4554°W
89: /
50:Architectural style
45:General information
2310:Redridge Steel Dam
2120:Historic districts
1858:on August 31, 2018
1363:The Canadian Press
1260:Boston Daily Globe
1233:The New York Times
1203:The New York Times
1061:Eshbach, Charles.
699:The New York Times
554:
485:Boston Daily Globe
479:The New York Times
457:
412:
365:
321:Romanesque Revival
297:a disaster in 1913
127:Columbus Day, 1908
54:Romanesque Revival
2908:
2907:
2462:Historic district
2404:
2403:
2325:Shelden-Dee Block
2069:Media related to
2049:978-0-8143-2396-0
2028:978-0-517-70097-6
2009:978-1-879094-77-2
1990:978-0-8166-6566-2
1731:. June 22, 2017.
1358:The Toronto World
1267:on April 19, 2013
502:The Toronto World
431:James MacNaughton
287:Calumet, Michigan
280:
279:
269:Removed from NRHP
248:Significant dates
167:Technical details
135:October 1984
98:47.2484; -88.4554
64:Calumet, Michigan
2978:
2898:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2811:Marshall Islands
2431:
2424:
2417:
2408:
2185:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2078:
2068:
2053:
2032:
2013:
1994:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1952:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1919:. Archived from
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1892:on June 10, 2019
1888:. Archived from
1877:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1844:
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1557:. Archived from
1553:. Negaunee, MI:
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858:Federal Register
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419:
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329:brick and rubble
294:
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230:7th and Elm Sts.
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989:
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950:
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449:
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317:
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193:Main contractor
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36:
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2491:Lists by state
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2059:External links
2057:
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2027:
2014:
2008:
1995:
1989:
1974:
1948:"Italian Hall"
1942:
1940:
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1777:
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1582:, p. 280.
1572:
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1436:
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1135:
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1123:
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1111:
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1007:
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735:. July 9, 2010
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459:In July 1913,
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2250:Kaleva Temple
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1580:Hoagland 2010
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1444:Hoagland 2010
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1022:Hoagland 2010
1018:
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514:1913 Massacre
511:
510:Woody Guthrie
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467:(WFM) in the
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253:Added to NRHP
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2704:South Dakota
2694:Rhode Island
2689:Pennsylvania
2669:North Dakota
2390:
2382:Italian Hall
2381:
2038:
2018:
1999:
1979:
1966:. Retrieved
1954:
1925:. Retrieved
1921:the original
1916:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:the original
1885:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:the original
1851:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
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1432:Stanley 1996
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1119:Thurner 1994
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966:, p. 8.
959:
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935:, p. 7.
912:, p. 6.
885:, p. 2.
878:
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861:
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826:the original
821:
777:cite journal
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737:. Retrieved
726:
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579:
575:Death's Door
574:
568:
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539:
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489:
483:
477:
473:Anna Clemenc
458:
427:Columbus Day
423:
413:
402:Construction
391:
387:
381:all made of
366:
354:tin ceilings
345:topped with
318:
283:Italian Hall
282:
281:
264:June 6, 1977
185:Architect(s)
24:Italian Hall
18:
2825:Other areas
2785:Puerto Rico
2619:Mississippi
2534:Connecticut
1939:Works cited
1927:October 31,
1896:October 31,
1862:October 31,
1832:January 12,
1801:January 11,
1770:January 12,
1739:January 12,
1706:January 11,
1672:January 11,
1638:October 18,
695:False Alarm
172:Floor count
124:Inaugurated
96: /
71:Coordinates
2915:Categories
2734:Washington
2654:New Mexico
2649:New Jersey
2524:California
1003:Lehto 2006
868:October 4,
767:October 4,
739:October 4,
710:References
132:Demolished
84:88°27′19″W
81:47°14′54″N
2744:Wisconsin
2709:Tennessee
2614:Minnesota
2589:Louisiana
2391:See also:
1822:ABC 10 UP
1369:August 3,
1337:August 3,
1306:August 3,
1271:August 3,
1239:August 3,
343:pilasters
2900:Category
2729:Virginia
2679:Oklahoma
2659:New York
2634:Nebraska
2624:Missouri
2609:Michigan
2599:Maryland
2584:Kentucky
2564:Illinois
2539:Delaware
2529:Colorado
2519:Arkansas
1968:June 24,
1959:Archived
1917:WLUC TV6
1852:WLUC TV6
1826:Archived
1795:Archived
1764:Archived
1733:Archived
1700:Archived
1666:Archived
1607:July 11,
1601:Archived
1534:July 16,
1503:June 26,
1497:Archived
1472:July 16,
1405:June 27,
1210:July 12,
1071:Archived
832:June 23,
634:See also
545:(KNHP).
441:Disaster
379:overdoor
350:capitals
242:80001858
227:Location
150:$ 25,000
60:Location
2846:Related
2749:Wyoming
2724:Vermont
2629:Montana
2569:Indiana
2549:Georgia
2544:Florida
2514:Arizona
2504:Alabama
1555:WLUC-TV
1077:July 7,
816:Staff.
463:by the
397:History
375:imposts
333:cornice
139:1984-10
137: (
114: (
2684:Oregon
2639:Nevada
2579:Kansas
2554:Hawaii
2509:Alaska
2445:Topics
2046:
2025:
2006:
1987:
482:, the
155:Client
2816:Palau
2714:Texas
2594:Maine
2559:Idaho
1962:(PDF)
1951:(PDF)
1229:(PDF)
1198:(PDF)
854:(PDF)
761:(PDF)
681:Notes
347:Doric
2770:Guam
2719:Utah
2674:Ohio
2574:Iowa
2396:and
2044:ISBN
2023:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1970:2012
1929:2020
1898:2020
1864:2020
1834:2018
1803:2018
1772:2018
1741:2018
1708:2018
1674:2018
1640:2013
1609:2012
1567:2012
1536:2012
1505:2018
1474:2012
1407:2012
1371:2012
1339:2012
1308:2012
1273:2012
1241:2012
1212:2012
1079:2012
870:2012
834:2012
790:help
769:2012
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