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could operate too effectively in the narrow waters of the
Adriatic, which could also be easily seeded with minefields. The threat from these underwater weapons was too serious for him to use the fleet in an active way. Instead, Revel decided to implement blockade at the relatively safer southern end
590:
lasted from 11 February 1901 to 6 March, and during the final speed trial she exceeded her design speed by a knot. She nevertheless proved to be too slow and short-legged to be useful as a fleet scout, which limited her active duty career. She served in the main fleet in 1902–1904, during which time
678:
and the armored cruisers bombarded the
Ottoman positions throughout the day, and on 18 October the Ottomans withdrew, allowing the Italian troops to come ashore and take possession of the port. The fleet remained offshore and helped to repel Ottoman counterattacks over the following two weeks.
769:, which had Ottoman citizens aboard and was likewise escorted to Cagliari. The seizures caused a minor diplomatic incident between Italy and France, but the dispute was resolved after the Ottomans were disembarked from
599:. By the 1904–1905 training year, the main squadron was reduced in size, with the two oldest battleships having been withdrawn, though three destroyers were added. During the 1908 fleet maneuvers,
738:
on 16 January 1912, which was carrying an aircraft and a pilot named Emile Duval; the
Italians correctly suspected Duval had been hired by the Ottoman government and was headed to
565:. The ship was only lightly armored with a 20 mm (0.79 in) thick deck, which angled downward at the sides to provide a measure of protection against light gunfire.
1516:
1506:
1410:
591:
the fleet was kept in a state of readiness for seven months. For the remaining five months, the ships had reduced crews. In 1903, the unit also included eight
343:
in 1911–1912, where she provided gunfire support to
Italian troops in North Africa. She assisted in the occupation of Constantinople in the aftermath of
88:
889:
L/40 guns and the torpedo tubes were removed. This service lasted less than two years, and on 4 January 1923 the ship was sold for scrapping.
1329:
1310:
1291:
1225:
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339:, was too slow and short-ranged to be able to scout effectively for the fleet, so her career was limited. She saw action during the
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582:; her keel was laid down on 18 February 1897 and her completed hull was launched on 11 October 1899. After completing
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432:
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at
Benghazi. There, they provided gunfire support to the Italian garrison against repeated Turkish assaults.
1456:
504:
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657:
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330:
425:-class cruisers were the culmination of this line of development. By the time of their construction, the
1419:
792:
732:
632:
366:
323:
137:
335:. The ship, which was armed with twelve 76 mm (3 in) guns and two 450 mm (17.7 in)
672:. Negotiators were sent ashore to attempt to secure the surrender of the garrison, which was refused.
836:
651:
1511:
456:
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in the forecastle, another pair were placed aft, and the remaining six were distributed along the
553:
L/40 guns mounted singly. Two guns were placed side-by-side on the forecastle, two were placed in
1382:
763:
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was assigned to the hostile force that was tasked with simulating an attempt to land troops on
537:(560 km; 350 mi) at a more economical speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
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theory argued that small, cheap torpedo-armed vessels would replace the large and expensive
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was no longer in vogue, and so they were intended to serve as scouts for Italy's fleet of
394:
307:
224:
631:
was assigned in the 2nd
Division of the 1st Squadron, under the command of Rear Admiral
1273:
Pribram, Alfred
Franzis (February 1920). "The Secret Treaties of the Triple Alliance".
832:
824:
782:
739:
622:
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489:
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406:
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and her armament was modified; four of the 76 mm guns were replaced by a pair of
1490:
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522:
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249:
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was assigned to the 2nd
Division of the 2nd Squadron; the squadron consisted of two
797:, and several other vessels rendezvoused with a troop convoy carrying 10,000 men to
586:
work, the new cruiser was commissioned into the
Italian fleet on 26 September 1900.
1370:
669:
562:
546:
507:
500:. She had a crew of between 153 and 185 that varied over the course of her career.
452:
388:
336:
313:
278:
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835:
had convinced the
Italians to enter the war against their former allies. Admiral
756:, Sardinia, where Duval and his aircraft were to be disembarked. Two days later,
872:
828:
583:
530:
475:
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237:
1322:
The Last Century of Sea Power (Volume 1, From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922)
1114:
The History of the Italian-Turkish War: September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912
823:
of armored cruisers, each supported by a scout cruiser. Italy, a member of the
25:
845:
668:, three destroyers, and several troop transports for an attack on the port of
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on 28 November, which resulted in an inconclusive action and a withdrawal to
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533:(41 km/h; 25 mph). The ship had a cruising radius of about 300
460:
154:
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of the Adriatic with the main fleet, while smaller vessels, such as the
882:
871:
joined a fleet of British, French, and Greek warships that entered the
802:
798:
348:
76:
606:
839:, the Italian naval chief of staff, believed that Austro-Hungarian
778:
464:
370:
252:(560 km; 350 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
158:
1392:
848:, conducted raids on Austro-Hungarian ships and installations.
1130:
Fraccaroli, Aldo (1979). "Italy". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
561:. She was also equipped with two 450 mm (17.7 in)
691:
supported a raid against Ottoman positions at the oases at
419:
that had dominated naval doctrine since the 1860s. The two
1277:. Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Company. pp. 251–263.
503:
Her propulsion system consisted of a pair of horizontal
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
1260:. Washington DC: Government Printing Office: 103–146.
1354:
1182:(307). London: J. J. Keliher & Co.: 1058–1075.
1138:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 334–359.
1131:
318:(Royal Navy) built in the late 1890s. She was the
1134:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1195:Garbett, H., ed. (1904). "Naval Notes – Italy".
482:, after which it stepped down to the main deck.
1197:Journal of the Royal United Service Institution
1176:Journal of the Royal United Service Institution
1155:Journal of the Royal United Service Institution
875:and landed troops to occupy the city. In 1921,
529:(6,062 kW) and produced a top speed of 22
397:in a brief experiment with the doctrine of the
1303:A Box of Sand: The Italo-Ottoman War 1911-1912
865:of the Ottoman Empire. She and the battleship
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8:
1117:. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute.
455:of 3.64 m (11 ft 11 in). She
451:of 9.32 m (30 ft 7 in) and a
426:
410:
398:
1243:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 64–82.
635:, the divisional commander. On 15 October,
521:, which were ducted into two widely spaced
1411:
1397:
1389:
777:with his aircraft, which was delivered to
1324:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
773:and Duval was permitted to remain aboard
478:that extended for the first third of the
385:Through the 1880s and 1890s, the Italian
89:Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia
16:Torpedo cruiser of the Italian Royal Navy
1174:Garbett, H., ed. (1903). "Naval Notes".
1153:Garbett, H., ed. (1902). "Naval Notes".
987:
975:
963:
443:was 91.6 meters (300 ft 6 in)
347:, and in 1919 she was reclassified as a
1361:
897:
1517:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy
1507:Ships built in Castellammare di Stabia
1256:Phelps, Harry (1901). "Steam Trials".
1047:
1023:
939:
904:
827:, declared neutrality at the start of
20:
831:in August 1914, but by May 1915, the
641:and her sister joined the battleship
45:
7:
1220:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1203:. London: J. J. Keliher: 1428–1431.
1161:. London: J. J. Keliher: 1060–1079.
1095:
916:
731:intercepted the French mail steamer
1239:(ed.). "Foreign Naval Manoeuvres".
1083:
1071:
1059:
1035:
1011:
999:
393:(Royal Navy) had built a series of
185:3.64 m (11 ft 11 in)
169:91.6 m (300 ft 6 in)
1305:. Ticehurst: Tattered Flag Press.
1286:. London and New York: Routledge.
951:
525:. Her engines were rated at 8,129
492:, consisting primarily of a small
177:9.32 m (30 ft 7 in)
124:Sold for scrapping, 4 January 1923
14:
1476:List of torpedo cruisers of Italy
1376:
1364:
375:Plan and profile drawing of the
47:
24:
1111:Beehler, William Henry (1913).
711:were joined by the battleships
496:. She was fitted with two pole
277:2 × 450 mm (17.7 in)
1218:A Naval History of World War I
595:, six other cruisers, and six
514:. Steam was supplied by eight
329:, which had one other member,
219:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
1301:Stephenson, Charles (2014).
859:occupation of Constantinople
1282:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001).
762:stopped the French steamer
742:to support Ottoman forces.
433:pre-dreadnought battleships
293:: 20 mm (0.79 in)
240:(41 km/h; 25 mph)
1533:
364:
1471:
1451:
1429:
1216:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
887:120 mm (4.7 in)
128:
40:
23:
1348:Marina Militare website
1320:Willmott, H. P. (2009).
1284:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914
1086:, pp. 140–142, 150.
471:. The ship had a raised
357:was sold for scrapping.
1258:Notes on Naval Progress
617:At the outbreak of the
405:under the direction of
129:General characteristics
1497:Agordat-class cruisers
1235:Leyland, John (1908).
881:was reclassified as a
877:
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791:, the torpedo cruiser
787:
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801:near the border with
488:had a fairly minimal
374:
367:Agordat-class cruiser
1275:The Atlantic Monthly
857:participated in the
837:Paolo Thaon di Revel
809:World War I and fate
748:accordingly ordered
527:indicated horsepower
203:indicated horsepower
1098:, pp. 331–332.
1026:, pp. 137–138.
907:, pp. 346–348.
625:in September 1911,
351:. In January 1923,
1237:Brassey, Thomas A.
851:In November 1918,
785:. In early April,
633:Ernesto Presbitero
519:water-tube boilers
383:
197:Blechynden boilers
1502:Cruisers of Italy
1484:
1483:
1464:Followed by: None
1331:978-0-253-35214-9
1312:978-0-9576892-2-0
1293:978-0-415-21478-0
1227:978-1-55750-352-7
1145:978-0-85177-133-5
1062:, pp. 65–66.
1014:, pp. 9, 30.
1002:, pp. 76–78.
752:to follow her to
720:Regina Margherita
619:Italo-Turkish War
613:Italo-Turkish War
578:was built at the
545:was armed with a
417:ironclad warships
341:Italo-Turkish War
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116:29 September 1900
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699:. In December,
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512:screw propeller
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310:of the Italian
308:torpedo cruiser
205:(6,062 kW)
190:Installed power
108:11 October 1899
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693:Al-Kuwayfiya
664:
658:
652:
643:
621:against the
616:
572:
547:main battery
539:
502:
463:(1,360
459:up to 1,340
445:long overall
437:
389:Regia Marina
384:
331:
324:
314:Regia Marina
299:
298:
157:(1,360
147:Displacement
138:
113:Commissioned
18:
1383:Engineering
873:Dardanelles
829:World War I
593:battleships
584:fitting-out
428:Jeune École
412:Jeune École
401:Jeune École
345:World War I
1512:1899 ships
1491:Categories
1105:References
1048:Stephenson
1024:Stephenson
940:Fraccaroli
905:Fraccaroli
841:submarines
597:destroyers
588:Sea trials
549:of twelve
516:Blechynden
473:forecastle
447:and had a
257:Complement
212:Propulsion
35:circa 1900
1458:Partenope
863:surrender
846:MAS boats
821:divisions
813:By 1914,
708:San Marco
688:San Marco
665:San Marco
559:broadside
555:casemates
469:full load
461:long tons
457:displaced
320:lead ship
248:300
155:long tons
151:Full load
97:Laid down
1096:Willmott
917:Sondhaus
775:Carthage
764:SS
754:Cagliari
750:Carthage
735:Carthage
733:SS
697:Benghazi
265:Armament
153:: 1,340
105:Launched
75:City of
72:Namesake
1435:Agordat
1421:Agordat
1357:Portals
1346:Agordat
1266:5140928
1249:5973345
1209:8007941
1188:8007941
1167:8007941
1123:1408563
1084:Halpern
1072:Pribram
1060:Beehler
1036:Beehler
1012:Beehler
1000:Leyland
883:gunboat
878:Agordat
854:Agordat
816:Agordat
803:Tunisia
799:Zuwarah
788:Agordat
771:Manouba
766:Manouba
759:Agordat
745:Agordat
740:Tripoli
728:Agordat
702:Agordat
682:Agordat
638:Agordat
628:Agordat
602:Agordat
575:Agordat
542:Agordat
523:funnels
485:Agordat
440:Agordat
422:Agordat
378:Agordat
354:Agordat
349:gunboat
325:Agordat
322:of the
302:Agordat
139:Agordat
83:Builder
77:Agordat
65:Agordat
41:History
32:Agordat
1442:Coatit
1328:
1309:
1290:
1264:
1247:
1224:
1207:
1201:XLVIII
1186:
1165:
1142:
1121:
952:Phelps
675:Napoli
662:, and
659:Amalfi
647:, the
644:Napoli
607:Sicily
409:. The
361:Design
332:Coatit
306:was a
201:8,129
166:Length
1460:class
1371:Italy
1180:XLVII
893:Notes
794:Iride
779:Tunis
670:Derna
531:knots
498:masts
467:) at
453:draft
381:class
327:class
287:Armor
270:12 ×
245:Range
238:knots
233:Speed
182:Draft
141:class
54:Italy
1326:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1262:OCLC
1245:OCLC
1222:ISBN
1205:OCLC
1184:OCLC
1163:OCLC
1159:XLVI
1140:ISBN
1119:OCLC
868:Roma
717:and
714:Roma
705:and
685:and
653:Pisa
480:hull
476:deck
449:beam
291:Deck
274:guns
223:2 ×
217:2 ×
195:8 ×
174:Beam
121:Fate
60:Name
250:nmi
236:22
1493::
1199:.
1178:.
1157:.
924:^
805:.
781:,
656:,
609:.
435:.
1412:e
1405:t
1398:v
1359::
1334:.
1315:.
1296:.
1268:.
1251:.
1230:.
1211:.
1190:.
1169:.
1148:.
1125:.
465:t
161:)
159:t
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