Knowledge (XXG)

Italian cruiser Varese

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on her return voyage several days later. On 16 October, she escorted a troop convoy to Homs and bombarded the town after the Ottoman commander refused to surrender. Bad weather prevented any landings until 21 October and the ship continued to provide fire support for the Italian troops.
1871: 1480: 811:. Struck by a single torpedo, the cruiser sank within minutes, although only 53 crewmen were killed. The division immediately retreated to avoid further attacks, leaving three 880:
in the histories of the two Ottoman ships, but also says that all three sisters were present. Silverstone also credits all three ships, but the consensus is that it was
518:(10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Her complement ordinarily consisted of 555 officers and enlisted men and 578 when acting as a 1886: 1473: 586:
armor was 37 millimeters (1.5 in) thick and the 152-millimeter guns on the upper deck were protected by gun shields 50 millimeters (2.0 in) thick.
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had a maximum thickness of 150 millimeters (5.9 in) amidships and tapered to 80 millimeters (3.1 in) towards the ends of the ship. The
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bombarded the fortifications at the entrance to the Dardanelles, heavily damaging them. After returning to Italy later that month,
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barely exceeded her designed speed, reaching 20.02 knots from 14,200 ihp (10,600 kW). She had a cruising range of 5,500
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on 4 April 1904. During the 1905 fleet maneuvers, she was assigned to the "hostile" force blockading La Maddalena, Sardinia.
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appears to have been deployed seaward to provide security for the Italians. On 13 October, the three sisters sailed to
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The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918: Navalism, Industrial Development, and the Politics of Dualism
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guns to defend herself against torpedo boats. She was fitted with four single 450-millimeter (17.7 in)
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by another submarine on 7 July severely restricted the activities of the other ships based at Venice.
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Sources are contradictory about which ships performed the bombardment. Gardiner & Gray credit
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Beehler, pp. 56–58; Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 16; Sondhaus 2001, p. 218; Stephenson, p. 254
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The Battle of the Otranto Straits: Controlling the Gateway to the Adriatic in World War I
582:, casemates, and gun turrets were also protected by 150-millimeter armor. Her protective 490:
7,350 metric tons (7,230 long tons) at normal load. The ship was powered by two vertical
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began a refit that included replacing her worn-out guns and lasted through mid-June.
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training ship from 1920 to 1922. She was stricken on 4 January 1923 and scrapped.
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on 24 February 1912, but it seems most probable that this was done by her sisters
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in Libya. During World War I, the ship's activities were limited by the threat of
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A Box of Sand: The Italo-Ottoman War 1911–1912: The First Land, Sea and Air War
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The History of the Italian-Turkish War: September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912
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on 6 August 1899 and completed on 5 April 1901. The ship made port visits to
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United States Office of Naval Intelligence, United States Navy (July 1901).
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the following morning. Shortly after beginning the bombardment at 04:00,
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in May 1915, the ship was assigned to the 5th Cruiser Division, based at
685: 552:; the remaining four 152-millimeter guns were mounted on the upper deck. 546: 519: 264: 622: 614: 250:(10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) 87: 660:, France on 15–16 September 1906 to participate in a fleet review for 849: 790: 743: 681: 634: 414: 390: 789:
and departed Brindisi on the evening of 17 July to do the same near
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in January 1912 while the bulk of the fleet was refitting in Italy.
853: 845: 689: 502:(10,100 kW) and designed to give a speed of approximately 20 459: 406: 385:) in the 1890s. The ship made several deployments to the Eastern 1462: 1371:. Vol. I. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. 828:
On 15 May 1917, as the Austro-Hungarian Fleet was preparing to
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of 1911–12. She supported ground forces in the occupations of
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The Log of H.M.S. Cumberland, 2nd Cruiser Squadron, 1904–1906
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in response to the Austro-Hungarian movements. She became a
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guns that comprised her secondary armament were arranged in
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from 1 October 1909 to 20 February 1910 and then based at
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Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979).
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When the Italo-Turkish War began on 29 September 1911,
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of the Mediterranean Fleet, together with her sisters
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Giuseppe Garibaldi-class cruisers of the Regia Marina
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Jamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade
1239:"La Posta Militare della Marina Italiana 9^ puntata" 1755: 1701: 1599: 1499: 785:. On 5 June the division bombarded rail lines near 1184:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 1161:Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). 1109: 1163:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 1112:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 1075:Halpern 1994, pp. 148, 151; Sondhaus 1994, p. 289 482:of 18.2 meters (59 ft 9 in) and a deep 1255:Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 1146:. Warship 2012. London: Conway. pp. 40–51. 1142:Freivogel, Zvonimir (2012). Jordan, John (ed.). 797:was torpedoed by the Austro-Hungarian submarine 750:is sometimes credited with participating in the 1203:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1165:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1474: 1218:Langensiepen, Bernd; GĂĽleryĂĽz, Ahmet (1995). 8: 478:of 111.8 meters (366 ft 10 in), a 668:, on the latter date. Under the command of 486:of 7.3 meters (23 ft 11 in). She 1481: 1467: 1459: 680:in May 1907. The ship was assigned to the 815:behind to rescue survivors. The loss of 670:Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi 506:(37 km/h; 23 mph). During her 16:Italian Giuseppe Garibaldi-class cruiser 1431: 900: 865: 819:and the sinking of the armored cruiser 223:Vertical triple-expansion steam engines 1887:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy 1846:List of cruisers of the Argentine Navy 1339:. Ticehurst, UK: Tattered Flag Press. 1264:Directory of the World's Capital Ships 541:guns in a twin turret aft. Ten of the 314:4 Ă— single 450 mm (17.7 in) 20: 949: 947: 945: 692:from 23 August to 20 September 1911. 170:111.8 m (366 ft 10 in) 43: 7: 1851:List of cruisers of the Spanish Navy 1237:Marchese, Giuseppe (February 1996). 1116:. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. 963: 961: 959: 908: 906: 904: 417:and did bombard the defenses of the 525:Her main armament consisted of one 162:7,350 metric tons (7,234 long tons) 1144:The Loss of the Giuseppe Garibaldi 1048:Langensiepen & GĂĽleryĂĽz, p. 16 603:Second Italian War of Independence 421:during the war. She also provided 379:built for the Royal Italian Navy ( 332:: 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in) 186:7.3 m (23 ft 11 in) 178:18.2 m (59 ft 9 in) 14: 1222:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 1021:Gardiner & Gray, pp. 389, 392 723:to recoal. The ship escorted two 641:in April 1906. Together with her 467:soon after completion, circa 1900 444:in 1920. She was struck from the 1757: 1703: 1601: 1501: 1446: 1434: 1220:The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828–1923 1003:Beehler, pp. 9, 19–21, 24, 30–31 498:. The engines were rated 13,500 84:Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando 45: 24: 1395:Italian Warships of World War I 1097:Beehler, William Henry (1913). 930:Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 351 832:that blocked the exit from the 777:When Italy declared war on the 1367:Yarsinske, Amy Waters (1999). 1266:. New York: Hippocrene Books. 1201:A Naval History of World War I 492:triple-expansion steam engines 1: 1892:World War I cruisers of Italy 1262:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). 803:; one torpedo passed between 260:555 officers and enlisted men 1335:Stephenson, Charles (2014). 1030:Silverstone, pp. 298–99, 307 1316:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001). 1281:Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994). 953:Gardiner & Gray, p. 256 562:47-millimeter (1.9 in) 527:254-millimeter (10 in) 238:(37 km/h; 23 mph) 1908: 1251:"Professional Notes–Italy" 830:attack the Otranto Barrage 639:Intercalated Olympic Games 543:152-millimeter (6 in) 539:203-millimeter (8 in) 356:: 50 mm (2.0 in) 338:: 38 mm (1.5 in) 1833: 1819: 1793: 1393:Fraccaroli, Aldo (1970). 1199:Halpern, Paul S. (1994). 625:on 14 September 1903 and 558:76-millimeter (3 in) 448:in 1923 and subsequently 137: 38: 23: 1838:List of cruisers of the 1318:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914 1066:Freivogel, pp. 40, 46–47 976:Professional Notes–Italy 848:. She did not, however, 590:Construction and service 393:before the start of the 309:47 mm (1.9 in) 281:254 mm (10 in) 1421:Marina Militare website 1360:Notes on Naval Progress 1291:Purdue University Press 1287:West Lafayette, Indiana 295:152 mm (6 in) 288:203 mm (8 in) 138:General characteristics 1877:Ships built in Livorno 1711:Imperial Japanese Navy 1180:Halpern, Paul (2004). 1131:Curtis, W. D. (1907). 844:on the north coast of 468: 456:Design and description 302:76 mm (3 in) 1397:. London: Ian Allan. 1320:. London: Routledge. 752:bombardment of Beirut 613:at their shipyard in 510:on 27 November 1900, 463: 423:naval gunfire support 1356:"Steam Trials–Italy" 699:assigned to the 4th 678:Jamestown Exposition 617:on 24 January 1898, 500:indicated horsepower 1576:Francesco Ferruccio 1084:Halpern 2004, p. 52 939:Silverstone, p. 307 840:was at the port of 756:Francesco Ferruccio 713:Francesco Ferruccio 676:was present at the 666:President of France 647:Francesco Ferruccio 413:may have bombarded 1779:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1668:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1632:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1544:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1536:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1528:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1520:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1491:Giuseppe Garibaldi 921:Steam Trials–Italy 817:Giuseppe Garibaldi 809:Giuseppe Garibaldi 795:Giuseppe Garibaldi 768:Giuseppe Garibaldi 760:Giuseppe Garibaldi 740:Giuseppe Garibaldi 709:Giuseppe Garibaldi 656:, the ship was in 653:Giuseppe Garibaldi 597:, named after the 496:Belleville boilers 469: 372:Giuseppe Garibaldi 205:Belleville boilers 148:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1859: 1858: 1721: 1619: 1404:978-0-7110-0105-3 1346:978-0-9576892-7-5 1327:978-0-415-21478-0 1300:978-1-55753-034-9 1243:La Posta Militare 1229:978-0-85177-610-1 1153:978-1-84486-156-9 994:Yarsinske, p. 117 985:Curtis, pp. 98–99 395:Italo-Turkish War 362: 361: 1899: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1639:General Belgrano 1612: 1607: 1605: 1604: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1483: 1476: 1469: 1460: 1451: 1450: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1430: 1408: 1382: 1363: 1350: 1331: 1312: 1277: 1258: 1246: 1233: 1214: 1195: 1176: 1157: 1138: 1127: 1115: 1104: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1064: 1058: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1040: 1037: 1031: 1028: 1022: 1019: 1013: 1010: 1004: 1001: 995: 992: 986: 983: 977: 974: 968: 965: 954: 951: 940: 937: 931: 928: 922: 919: 913: 912:Freivogel, p. 43 910: 889: 870: 725:troop transports 662:Armand Fallières 599:Battle of Varese 431:Austro-Hungarian 200:(10,100 kW) 74:Battle of Varese 55: 53:Kingdom of Italy 50: 49: 48: 28: 21: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1829: 1815: 1789: 1785:Pedro de AragĂłn 1774:CristĂłbal ColĂłn 1758: 1756: 1751: 1713: 1704: 1702: 1697: 1611: 1602: 1600: 1595: 1502: 1500: 1495: 1493:-class cruisers 1487: 1457: 1445: 1435: 1433: 1425: 1415: 1405: 1392: 1389: 1387:Further reading 1379: 1366: 1353: 1347: 1334: 1328: 1315: 1301: 1280: 1274: 1261: 1249: 1236: 1230: 1217: 1211: 1198: 1192: 1179: 1173: 1160: 1154: 1141: 1130: 1124: 1107: 1096: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1002: 998: 993: 989: 984: 980: 975: 971: 966: 957: 952: 943: 938: 934: 929: 925: 920: 916: 911: 902: 898: 893: 892: 871: 867: 862: 721:Augusta, Sicily 633:was present in 592: 533:forward of the 458: 377:armored cruiser 191:Installed power 153:armored cruiser 51: 46: 44: 34: 33:in October 1904 17: 12: 11: 5: 1905: 1903: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1804: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1769: 1767: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1746:Mariano Moreno 1737: 1724: 1722: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1695: 1687:Mariano Moreno 1683: 1671: 1659: 1647: 1635: 1622: 1620: 1609:Argentine Navy 1597: 1596: 1594: 1593: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1564: 1556: 1548: 1540: 1532: 1524: 1515: 1513: 1497: 1496: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1478: 1471: 1463: 1456: 1455: 1443: 1423: 1422: 1414: 1413:External links 1411: 1410: 1409: 1403: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1377: 1364: 1351: 1345: 1332: 1326: 1313: 1299: 1278: 1272: 1259: 1247: 1234: 1228: 1215: 1209: 1196: 1190: 1177: 1171: 1158: 1152: 1139: 1128: 1122: 1105: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1086: 1077: 1068: 1059: 1057:Beehler, p. 79 1050: 1041: 1032: 1023: 1014: 1012:Beehler, p. 50 1005: 996: 987: 978: 969: 955: 941: 932: 923: 914: 899: 897: 894: 891: 890: 864: 863: 861: 858: 791:Ragusa Vecchia 779:Central Powers 762:. On 18 April 591: 588: 535:superstructure 516:nautical miles 476:overall length 457: 454: 446:naval register 360: 359: 358: 357: 351: 345: 339: 333: 325: 321: 320: 319: 318: 312: 305: 298: 291: 284: 275: 271: 270: 269: 268: 261: 256: 252: 251: 244: 240: 239: 232: 228: 227: 226: 225: 219: 214: 210: 209: 208: 207: 201: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 176: 172: 171: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 144: 143:Class and type 140: 139: 135: 134: 133:4 January 1923 131: 127: 126: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 95: 91: 90: 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 61: 57: 56: 41: 40: 36: 35: 29: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1904: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1806:Followed by: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1800:Vettor Pisani 1797:Preceded by: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1754: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 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428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 387:Mediterranean 384: 383: 378: 375: 373: 368: 367: 355: 352: 350:: 150 mm 349: 348:Conning tower 346: 344:: 150 mm 343: 340: 337: 334: 331: 328: 327: 326: 323: 322: 317: 316:torpedo tubes 313: 310: 306: 303: 299: 296: 292: 289: 285: 282: 278: 277: 276: 273: 272: 266: 262: 259: 258: 257: 254: 253: 249: 245: 242: 241: 237: 233: 230: 229: 224: 220: 217: 216: 215: 212: 211: 206: 202: 199: 195: 194: 193: 190: 189: 185: 182: 181: 177: 174: 173: 169: 166: 165: 161: 158: 157: 154: 151: 149: 145: 142: 141: 136: 132: 129: 128: 124: 123:training ship 120: 117: 116: 112: 109: 108: 105:6 August 1899 104: 101: 100: 97:21 April 1898 96: 93: 92: 89: 85: 82: 79: 78: 75: 72: 69: 68: 65: 62: 59: 58: 54: 42: 37: 32: 27: 22: 19: 1840:Regia Marina 1839: 1808: 1799: 1784: 1778: 1773: 1765:Spanish Navy 1745: 1740: 1733: 1728: 1716: 1691: 1686: 1679: 1674: 1667: 1662: 1655: 1650: 1643: 1638: 1631: 1626: 1614: 1589: 1582: 1575: 1567: 1566: 1559: 1551: 1546: (1899) 1543: 1535: 1527: 1519: 1510:Regia Marina 1509: 1490: 1394: 1368: 1359: 1336: 1317: 1282: 1263: 1254: 1242: 1219: 1200: 1181: 1162: 1143: 1133: 1111: 1099: 1091:Bibliography 1080: 1071: 1062: 1053: 1044: 1035: 1026: 1017: 1008: 999: 990: 981: 972: 935: 926: 917: 885: 881: 877: 873: 868: 837: 834:Adriatic Sea 827: 821: 816: 808: 804: 799: 794: 776: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 747: 739: 735: 734: 716: 712: 708: 696: 694: 673: 652: 646: 643:sister ships 630: 594: 593: 570: 553: 524: 511: 484:draft (ship) 471: 470: 464: 437: 427:Italian Army 410: 382:Regia Marina 380: 371: 365: 364: 363: 300:10 Ă— single 293:14 Ă— single 196:13,500  159:Displacement 147: 118:Reclassified 113:5 April 1901 63: 30: 18: 1453:Engineering 703:of the 2nd 637:during the 601:during the 571:The ship's 419:Dardanelles 354:Gun shields 342:Gun turrets 307:6 Ă— single 279:1 Ă— single 246:5,500  1882:1899 ships 1866:Categories 1663:PueyrredĂłn 1651:San MartĂ­n 813:destroyers 658:Marseilles 576:armor belt 508:sea trials 434:submarines 255:Complement 213:Propulsion 1826:Cancelled 1734:Rivadavia 1675:Rivadavia 1627:Garibaldi 1615:Garibaldi 896:Footnotes 886:Ferruccio 882:Garibaldi 874:Garibaldi 627:Barcelona 607:laid down 573:waterline 550:amidships 547:casemates 529:gun in a 488:displaced 440:became a 286:1 Ă— twin 110:Completed 94:Laid down 1309:59919233 967:Marchese 783:Brindisi 742:were in 705:Squadron 701:Division 686:Suda Bay 619:launched 560:and six 537:and two 520:flagship 450:scrapped 425:for the 389:and the 274:Armament 265:flagship 263:(578 as 218:2 Shafts 130:Stricken 102:Launched 70:Namesake 1781:(1896)) 1741:Nisshin 1670:(1897)) 1658:(1896)) 1646:(1897)) 1634:(1895)) 1427:Portals 842:Butrino 623:Algiers 615:Livorno 611:Orlando 474:had an 399:Tripoli 88:Livorno 80:Builder 39:History 1762:  1729:Kasuga 1717:Kasuga 1708:  1656:Varese 1644:Varese 1606:  1570:(1899) 1568:Varese 1562:(1897) 1560:Varese 1554:(1896) 1552:Varese 1538:(1897) 1530:(1896) 1522:(1895) 1506:  1419:Varese 1401:  1375:  1343:  1324:  1307:  1297:  1270:  1226:  1207:  1188:  1169:  1150:  1120:  878:Varese 850:sortie 838:Varese 822:Amalfi 805:Varese 787:Ragusa 772:Varese 764:Varese 748:Varese 744:Tobruk 736:Varese 727:and a 717:Varese 697:Varese 682:Levant 674:Varese 635:Athens 631:Varese 605:, was 595:Varese 554:Varese 531:turret 512:Varese 472:Varese 465:Varese 438:Varese 415:Beirut 411:Varese 391:Levant 374:-class 369:was a 366:Varese 167:Length 150:-class 125:, 1920 64:Varese 31:Varese 1811:class 1802:class 1719:class 1680:Mitre 1617:class 1583:Mitre 1441:Italy 1245:(72). 860:Notes 854:cadet 846:Corfu 690:Crete 504:knots 407:Libya 324:Armor 243:Range 236:knots 231:Speed 183:Draft 1809:Pisa 1777:(ex- 1744:(ex- 1732:(ex- 1692:Roca 1690:(ex- 1678:(ex- 1666:(ex- 1654:(ex- 1642:(ex- 1630:(ex- 1590:Roca 1399:ISBN 1373:ISBN 1341:ISBN 1322:ISBN 1305:OCLC 1295:ISBN 1268:ISBN 1224:ISBN 1205:ISBN 1186:ISBN 1167:ISBN 1148:ISBN 1118:ISBN 884:and 876:and 807:and 766:and 758:and 738:and 711:and 650:and 584:deck 480:beam 436:and 403:Homs 401:and 336:Deck 330:Belt 311:guns 304:guns 297:guns 290:guns 175:Beam 60:Name 800:U-4 609:by 405:in 283:gun 248:nmi 234:20 203:24 198:ihp 121:As 1868:: 1358:. 1303:. 1293:. 1289:: 1285:. 1253:. 1241:. 958:^ 944:^ 903:^ 836:, 688:, 672:, 664:, 568:. 522:. 452:. 409:. 221:2 86:, 1823:X 1748:) 1736:) 1694:) 1682:) 1482:e 1475:t 1468:v 1429:: 1407:. 1381:. 1349:. 1330:. 1311:. 1276:. 1232:. 1213:. 1194:. 1175:. 1156:. 1126:. 888:. 267:)

Index


Kingdom of Italy
Battle of Varese
Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando
Livorno
training ship
Giuseppe Garibaldi-class
armored cruiser
ihp
Belleville boilers
Vertical triple-expansion steam engines
knots
nmi
flagship
254 mm (10 in)
203 mm (8 in)
152 mm (6 in)
76 mm (3 in)
47 mm (1.9 in)
torpedo tubes
Belt
Deck
Gun turrets
Conning tower
Gun shields
Giuseppe Garibaldi-class
armored cruiser
Regia Marina
Mediterranean
Levant

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