1503:
47:
1705:
1759:
1448:
1603:
461:
26:
1436:
731:
on her return voyage several days later. On 16 October, she escorted a troop convoy to Homs and bombarded the town after the
Ottoman commander refused to surrender. Bad weather prevented any landings until 21 October and the ship continued to provide fire support for the Italian troops.
1871:
1480:
811:. Struck by a single torpedo, the cruiser sank within minutes, although only 53 crewmen were killed. The division immediately retreated to avoid further attacks, leaving three
880:
in the histories of the two
Ottoman ships, but also says that all three sisters were present. Silverstone also credits all three ships, but the consensus is that it was
518:(10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Her complement ordinarily consisted of 555 officers and enlisted men and 578 when acting as a
1886:
1473:
586:
armor was 37 millimeters (1.5 in) thick and the 152-millimeter guns on the upper deck were protected by gun shields 50 millimeters (2.0 in) thick.
1466:
1542:
651:
669:
1845:
578:
had a maximum thickness of 150 millimeters (5.9 in) amidships and tapered to 80 millimeters (3.1 in) towards the ends of the ship. The
1891:
829:
1850:
1837:
1402:
1344:
1325:
1298:
1227:
1151:
1772:
1526:
1574:
645:
602:
1376:
1271:
1208:
1189:
1170:
1121:
770:
bombarded the fortifications at the entrance to the
Dardanelles, heavily damaging them. After returning to Italy later that month,
514:
barely exceeded her designed speed, reaching 20.02 knots from 14,200 ihp (10,600 kW). She had a cruising range of 5,500
1489:
610:
370:
146:
83:
1876:
1418:
629:
on 4 April 1904. During the 1905 fleet maneuvers, she was assigned to the "hostile" force blockading La
Maddalena, Sardinia.
557:
301:
491:
1426:
719:
appears to have been deployed seaward to provide security for the
Italians. On 13 October, the three sisters sailed to
1798:
1637:
1558:
618:
1739:
1685:
1588:
798:
1283:
The Naval Policy of
Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918: Navalism, Industrial Development, and the Politics of Dualism
1727:
1673:
1613:
1581:
1290:
1286:
751:
564:
guns to defend herself against torpedo boats. She was fitted with four single 450-millimeter (17.7 in)
542:
294:
1710:
820:
561:
526:
308:
280:
538:
422:
287:
825:
by another submarine on 7 July severely restricted the activities of the other ships based at Venice.
1715:
677:
1881:
665:
661:
487:
222:
872:
Sources are contradictory about which ships performed the bombardment. Gardiner & Gray credit
1807:
1452:
1039:
Beehler, pp. 56–58; Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 16; Sondhaus 2001, p. 218; Stephenson, p. 254
638:
1250:
1661:
1649:
1550:
1534:
1398:
1372:
1355:
1340:
1321:
1304:
1294:
1267:
1238:
1223:
1204:
1185:
1166:
1147:
1117:
495:
394:
204:
1132:
841:
1257:. XXXI, 4 (116). Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute: 1004–05. December 1905.
1110:
704:
700:
598:
430:
73:
52:
720:
479:
376:
152:
1182:
The Battle of the
Otranto Straits: Controlling the Gateway to the Adriatic in World War I
582:, casemates, and gun turrets were also protected by 150-millimeter armor. Her protective
490:
7,350 metric tons (7,230 long tons) at normal load. The ship was powered by two vertical
1608:
778:
534:
475:
445:
398:
1447:
1865:
1625:
1518:
774:
began a refit that included replacing her worn-out guns and lasted through mid-June.
728:
579:
515:
449:
441:
386:
347:
247:
122:
1458:
1764:
1508:
1440:
833:
565:
483:
426:
402:
381:
315:
856:
training ship from 1920 to 1922. She was stricken on 4 January 1923 and scrapped.
754:
on 24 February 1912, but it seems most probable that this was done by her sisters
429:
in Libya. During World War I, the ship's activities were limited by the threat of
1098:
642:
606:
583:
503:
418:
335:
235:
1337:
A Box of Sand: The Italo-Ottoman War 1911–1912: The First Land, Sea and Air War
1100:
The
History of the Italian-Turkish War: September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912
657:
575:
530:
499:
460:
353:
341:
329:
197:
621:
on 6 August 1899 and completed on 5 April 1901. The ship made port visits to
1354:
United States Office of Naval
Intelligence, United States Navy (July 1901).
1308:
812:
786:
724:
626:
572:
549:
507:
433:
25:
1137:. The Log Series. Westminster, UK: The Westminster Press (Gerrards Ltd.).
793:
the following morning. Shortly after beginning the bombardment at 04:00,
782:
781:
in May 1915, the ship was assigned to the 5th
Cruiser Division, based at
685:
552:; the remaining four 152-millimeter guns were mounted on the upper deck.
546:
519:
264:
622:
614:
250:(10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
87:
660:, France on 15–16 September 1906 to participate in a fleet review for
849:
790:
743:
681:
634:
414:
390:
789:
and departed Brindisi on the evening of 17 July to do the same near
746:
in January 1912 while the bulk of the fleet was refitting in Italy.
853:
845:
689:
502:(10,100 kW) and designed to give a speed of approximately 20
459:
406:
385:) in the 1890s. The ship made several deployments to the Eastern
1462:
1371:. Vol. I. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.
828:
On 15 May 1917, as the Austro-Hungarian Fleet was preparing to
397:
of 1911–12. She supported ground forces in the occupations of
1134:
The Log of H.M.S. Cumberland, 2nd Cruiser Squadron, 1904–1906
852:
in response to the Austro-Hungarian movements. She became a
545:
guns that comprised her secondary armament were arranged in
684:
from 1 October 1909 to 20 February 1910 and then based at
494:, each driving one shaft, using steam from 24 coal-fired
1362:(XX). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office: 137.
1108:
Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979).
695:
When the Italo-Turkish War began on 29 September 1911,
715:. While her sisters bombarded Tripoli on 3–4 October,
707:
of the Mediterranean Fleet, together with her sisters
1872:
Giuseppe Garibaldi-class cruisers of the Regia Marina
1424:
1103:. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute.
1369:
Jamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade
1239:"La Posta Militare della Marina Italiana 9^ puntata"
1755:
1701:
1599:
1499:
785:. On 5 June the division bombarded rail lines near
1184:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
1161:Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985).
1109:
1163:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
1112:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1075:Halpern 1994, pp. 148, 151; Sondhaus 1994, p. 289
482:of 18.2 meters (59 ft 9 in) and a deep
1255:Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute
1146:. Warship 2012. London: Conway. pp. 40–51.
1142:Freivogel, Zvonimir (2012). Jordan, John (ed.).
797:was torpedoed by the Austro-Hungarian submarine
750:is sometimes credited with participating in the
1203:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1165:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1474:
1218:Langensiepen, Bernd; GĂĽleryĂĽz, Ahmet (1995).
8:
478:of 111.8 meters (366 ft 10 in), a
668:, on the latter date. Under the command of
486:of 7.3 meters (23 ft 11 in). She
1481:
1467:
1459:
680:in May 1907. The ship was assigned to the
815:behind to rescue survivors. The loss of
670:Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi
506:(37 km/h; 23 mph). During her
16:Italian Giuseppe Garibaldi-class cruiser
1431:
900:
865:
819:and the sinking of the armored cruiser
223:Vertical triple-expansion steam engines
1887:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy
1846:List of cruisers of the Argentine Navy
1339:. Ticehurst, UK: Tattered Flag Press.
1264:Directory of the World's Capital Ships
541:guns in a twin turret aft. Ten of the
314:4 Ă— single 450 mm (17.7 in)
20:
949:
947:
945:
692:from 23 August to 20 September 1911.
170:111.8 m (366 ft 10 in)
43:
7:
1851:List of cruisers of the Spanish Navy
1237:Marchese, Giuseppe (February 1996).
1116:. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press.
963:
961:
959:
908:
906:
904:
417:and did bombard the defenses of the
525:Her main armament consisted of one
162:7,350 metric tons (7,234 long tons)
1144:The Loss of the Giuseppe Garibaldi
1048:Langensiepen & GĂĽleryĂĽz, p. 16
603:Second Italian War of Independence
421:during the war. She also provided
379:built for the Royal Italian Navy (
332:: 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in)
186:7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
178:18.2 m (59 ft 9 in)
14:
1222:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1021:Gardiner & Gray, pp. 389, 392
723:to recoal. The ship escorted two
641:in April 1906. Together with her
467:soon after completion, circa 1900
444:in 1920. She was struck from the
1757:
1703:
1601:
1501:
1446:
1434:
1220:The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828–1923
1003:Beehler, pp. 9, 19–21, 24, 30–31
498:. The engines were rated 13,500
84:Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando
45:
24:
1395:Italian Warships of World War I
1097:Beehler, William Henry (1913).
930:Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 351
832:that blocked the exit from the
777:When Italy declared war on the
1367:Yarsinske, Amy Waters (1999).
1266:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
1201:A Naval History of World War I
492:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
1892:World War I cruisers of Italy
1262:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984).
803:; one torpedo passed between
260:555 officers and enlisted men
1335:Stephenson, Charles (2014).
1030:Silverstone, pp. 298–99, 307
1316:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001).
1281:Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994).
953:Gardiner & Gray, p. 256
562:47-millimeter (1.9 in)
527:254-millimeter (10 in)
238:(37 km/h; 23 mph)
1908:
1251:"Professional Notes–Italy"
830:attack the Otranto Barrage
639:Intercalated Olympic Games
543:152-millimeter (6 in)
539:203-millimeter (8 in)
356:: 50 mm (2.0 in)
338:: 38 mm (1.5 in)
1833:
1819:
1793:
1393:Fraccaroli, Aldo (1970).
1199:Halpern, Paul S. (1994).
625:on 14 September 1903 and
558:76-millimeter (3 in)
448:in 1923 and subsequently
137:
38:
23:
1838:List of cruisers of the
1318:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914
1066:Freivogel, pp. 40, 46–47
976:Professional Notes–Italy
848:. She did not, however,
590:Construction and service
393:before the start of the
309:47 mm (1.9 in)
281:254 mm (10 in)
1421:Marina Militare website
1360:Notes on Naval Progress
1291:Purdue University Press
1287:West Lafayette, Indiana
295:152 mm (6 in)
288:203 mm (8 in)
138:General characteristics
1877:Ships built in Livorno
1711:Imperial Japanese Navy
1180:Halpern, Paul (2004).
1131:Curtis, W. D. (1907).
844:on the north coast of
468:
456:Design and description
302:76 mm (3 in)
1397:. London: Ian Allan.
1320:. London: Routledge.
752:bombardment of Beirut
613:at their shipyard in
510:on 27 November 1900,
463:
423:naval gunfire support
1356:"Steam Trials–Italy"
699:assigned to the 4th
678:Jamestown Exposition
617:on 24 January 1898,
500:indicated horsepower
1576:Francesco Ferruccio
1084:Halpern 2004, p. 52
939:Silverstone, p. 307
840:was at the port of
756:Francesco Ferruccio
713:Francesco Ferruccio
676:was present at the
666:President of France
647:Francesco Ferruccio
413:may have bombarded
1779:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1668:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1632:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1544:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1536:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1528:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1520:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1491:Giuseppe Garibaldi
921:Steam Trials–Italy
817:Giuseppe Garibaldi
809:Giuseppe Garibaldi
795:Giuseppe Garibaldi
768:Giuseppe Garibaldi
760:Giuseppe Garibaldi
740:Giuseppe Garibaldi
709:Giuseppe Garibaldi
656:, the ship was in
653:Giuseppe Garibaldi
597:, named after the
496:Belleville boilers
469:
372:Giuseppe Garibaldi
205:Belleville boilers
148:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1859:
1858:
1721:
1619:
1404:978-0-7110-0105-3
1346:978-0-9576892-7-5
1327:978-0-415-21478-0
1300:978-1-55753-034-9
1243:La Posta Militare
1229:978-0-85177-610-1
1153:978-1-84486-156-9
994:Yarsinske, p. 117
985:Curtis, pp. 98–99
395:Italo-Turkish War
362:
361:
1899:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1639:General Belgrano
1612:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1439:
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1430:
1408:
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1350:
1331:
1312:
1277:
1258:
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974:
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951:
940:
937:
931:
928:
922:
919:
913:
912:Freivogel, p. 43
910:
889:
870:
725:troop transports
662:Armand Fallières
599:Battle of Varese
431:Austro-Hungarian
200:(10,100 kW)
74:Battle of Varese
55:
53:Kingdom of Italy
50:
49:
48:
28:
21:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1900:
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1829:
1815:
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1785:Pedro de AragĂłn
1774:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
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1600:
1595:
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1500:
1495:
1493:-class cruisers
1487:
1457:
1445:
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1433:
1425:
1415:
1405:
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1389:
1387:Further reading
1379:
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871:
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721:Augusta, Sicily
633:was present in
592:
533:forward of the
458:
377:armored cruiser
191:Installed power
153:armored cruiser
51:
46:
44:
34:
33:in October 1904
17:
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1746:Mariano Moreno
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1696:
1695:
1687:Mariano Moreno
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1659:
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1609:Argentine Navy
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762:. On 18 April
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1174:
1172:0-85177-245-5
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1123:0-8317-0302-4
1119:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1069:
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1054:
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1045:
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1027:
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982:
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964:
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796:
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773:
769:
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749:
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741:
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733:
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729:hospital ship
726:
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589:
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581:
580:conning tower
577:
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569:
567:
566:torpedo tubes
563:
559:
556:also had ten
555:
551:
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442:training ship
439:
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408:
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396:
392:
388:
387:Mediterranean
384:
383:
378:
375:
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368:
367:
355:
352:
350:: 150 mm
349:
348:Conning tower
346:
344:: 150 mm
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
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326:
323:
322:
317:
316:torpedo tubes
313:
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136:
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123:training ship
120:
117:
116:
112:
109:
108:
105:6 August 1899
104:
101:
100:
97:21 April 1898
96:
93:
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89:
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82:
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78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
58:
54:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1840:Regia Marina
1839:
1808:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1765:Spanish Navy
1745:
1740:
1733:
1728:
1716:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1614:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1546: (1899)
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1510:Regia Marina
1509:
1490:
1394:
1368:
1359:
1336:
1317:
1282:
1263:
1254:
1242:
1219:
1200:
1181:
1162:
1143:
1133:
1111:
1099:
1091:Bibliography
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
935:
926:
917:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
837:
834:Adriatic Sea
827:
821:
816:
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804:
799:
794:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
747:
739:
735:
734:
716:
712:
708:
696:
694:
673:
652:
646:
643:sister ships
630:
594:
593:
570:
553:
524:
511:
484:draft (ship)
471:
470:
464:
437:
427:Italian Army
410:
382:Regia Marina
380:
371:
365:
364:
363:
300:10 Ă— single
293:14 Ă— single
196:13,500
159:Displacement
147:
118:Reclassified
113:5 April 1901
63:
30:
18:
1453:Engineering
703:of the 2nd
637:during the
601:during the
571:The ship's
419:Dardanelles
354:Gun shields
342:Gun turrets
307:6 Ă— single
279:1 Ă— single
246:5,500
1882:1899 ships
1866:Categories
1663:PueyrredĂłn
1651:San MartĂn
813:destroyers
658:Marseilles
576:armor belt
508:sea trials
434:submarines
255:Complement
213:Propulsion
1826:Cancelled
1734:Rivadavia
1675:Rivadavia
1627:Garibaldi
1615:Garibaldi
896:Footnotes
886:Ferruccio
882:Garibaldi
874:Garibaldi
627:Barcelona
607:laid down
573:waterline
550:amidships
547:casemates
529:gun in a
488:displaced
440:became a
286:1 Ă— twin
110:Completed
94:Laid down
1309:59919233
967:Marchese
783:Brindisi
742:were in
705:Squadron
701:Division
686:Suda Bay
619:launched
560:and six
537:and two
520:flagship
450:scrapped
425:for the
389:and the
274:Armament
265:flagship
263:(578 as
218:2 Shafts
130:Stricken
102:Launched
70:Namesake
1781:(1896))
1741:Nisshin
1670:(1897))
1658:(1896))
1646:(1897))
1634:(1895))
1427:Portals
842:Butrino
623:Algiers
615:Livorno
611:Orlando
474:had an
399:Tripoli
88:Livorno
80:Builder
39:History
1762:
1729:Kasuga
1717:Kasuga
1708:
1656:Varese
1644:Varese
1606:
1570:(1899)
1568:Varese
1562:(1897)
1560:Varese
1554:(1896)
1552:Varese
1538:(1897)
1530:(1896)
1522:(1895)
1506:
1419:Varese
1401:
1375:
1343:
1324:
1307:
1297:
1270:
1226:
1207:
1188:
1169:
1150:
1120:
878:Varese
850:sortie
838:Varese
822:Amalfi
805:Varese
787:Ragusa
772:Varese
764:Varese
748:Varese
744:Tobruk
736:Varese
727:and a
717:Varese
697:Varese
682:Levant
674:Varese
635:Athens
631:Varese
605:, was
595:Varese
554:Varese
531:turret
512:Varese
472:Varese
465:Varese
438:Varese
415:Beirut
411:Varese
391:Levant
374:-class
369:was a
366:Varese
167:Length
150:-class
125:, 1920
64:Varese
31:Varese
1811:class
1802:class
1719:class
1680:Mitre
1617:class
1583:Mitre
1441:Italy
1245:(72).
860:Notes
854:cadet
846:Corfu
690:Crete
504:knots
407:Libya
324:Armor
243:Range
236:knots
231:Speed
183:Draft
1809:Pisa
1777:(ex-
1744:(ex-
1732:(ex-
1692:Roca
1690:(ex-
1678:(ex-
1666:(ex-
1654:(ex-
1642:(ex-
1630:(ex-
1590:Roca
1399:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1322:ISBN
1305:OCLC
1295:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1118:ISBN
884:and
876:and
807:and
766:and
758:and
738:and
711:and
650:and
584:deck
480:beam
436:and
403:Homs
401:and
336:Deck
330:Belt
311:guns
304:guns
297:guns
290:guns
175:Beam
60:Name
800:U-4
609:by
405:in
283:gun
248:nmi
234:20
203:24
198:ihp
121:As
1868::
1358:.
1303:.
1293:.
1289::
1285:.
1253:.
1241:.
958:^
944:^
903:^
836:,
688:,
672:,
664:,
568:.
522:.
452:.
409:.
221:2
86:,
1823:X
1748:)
1736:)
1694:)
1682:)
1482:e
1475:t
1468:v
1429::
1407:.
1381:.
1349:.
1330:.
1311:.
1276:.
1232:.
1213:.
1194:.
1175:.
1156:.
1126:.
888:.
267:)
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