898:
28:
526:
53:
1541:
832:. When the Ottomans refused to surrender the city before the amphibious assault, the Italian fleet opened fire on the Turkish defenders at 08:00, while landing parties from the ships and the Army infantry went ashore. The Italians quickly forced the Ottomans to withdraw into the city by evening. After a short siege, the Ottoman forces withdrew on 29 October, leaving the city to the Italians.
1529:
780:
869:
contributed to the defeat of a major attack on the city by an
Ottoman army on 14–15 December. In early 1912, most of the fleet had withdrawn to Italy for repairs and refit, leaving only a small force of cruisers and light craft to patrol the North African coast.
994:
and her three sisters. The
Italian Navy could have kept the ships in service indefinitely, but they could not be replaced by new battleships under the normal practice of the Treaty system. Nevertheless, she was stricken from the
735:
into the
Italian fleet on 11 September 1907. She thereafter served in the Mediterranean Squadron, and was ready for the annual maneuvers in late September and early October, under the command of Vice Admiral
865:. While there, they supported the Italian Army as it occupied the city and surrounding area by contributing landing parties and providing fire support to the ground troops. The gunfire support supplied by
983:
and her sisters raised steam to assist the Allied warships, but the
Italian commander refused to permit them to join the battle for fear of risking their loss in the submarine-infested Adriatic.
936:
in the confined waters of the
Adriatic was too serious to permit an active fleet policy. He therefore planned a distant blockade with the battle fleet, while smaller vessels, such as the
696:
was protected by 254 mm (10 in) of armor plating. The main battery guns had 203 mm thick plating, and the secondary gun turrets had 152 mm (6 in) thick sides.
1573:
764:
remained in the active duty squadron through 1910, by which time her three sisters had been completed, bringing the total number of front-line battleships to six, including the two
940:
conducted raids. The heavy ships of the
Italian fleet would be preserved for a potential major battle in the event that the Austro-Hungarian fleet should emerge from its bases.
623:
1690:
1566:
1123:
1685:
317:
749:
1680:
1559:
976:
409:
of two 305 mm (12 in) guns and twelve 203 mm (8 in) guns. She was quite fast for the period, with a top speed of nearly 21
1495:
1460:
1428:
1409:
1390:
1367:
1603:
500:
1642:
1633:
1037:
765:
1511:
1700:
748:
in protest of the
Ottoman decision to prohibit Italian post offices in Ottoman territory. The ship was at that time commanded by
897:
1610:
651:
506:
329:
611:(14,391 kW) and provided a top speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a range of approximately 10,000
1582:
592:
530:
450:
388:
248:
163:
1519:
1657:
441:. She was retained for a few years after the war, but was ultimately stricken in February 1923 and broken up for scrap.
967:
sortied briefly in response to mistaken reports that the Austro-Hungarian fleet was at sea. On 14–15 May 1917, three
808:
was assigned to the 1st
Division of the 1st Squadron along with her three sisters, under the command of Vice Admiral
1289:
1029:
825:
480:
392:
169:
27:
947:
and her three sisters were assigned to the 2nd
Division. They spent much of the war rotating between the bases at
1617:
852:
724:
512:
525:
987:
757:
737:
1211:
925:
714:
639:
323:
106:
929:
1695:
878:
627:
484:
271:
79:
1545:
1219:
1128:
732:
635:
464:
36:
1491:
1456:
1424:
1405:
1386:
1363:
1324:
886:
791:
667:
600:
418:
222:
1379:
1356:
882:
58:
1421:
The Battle of the
Otranto Straights: Controlling the Gateway to the Adriatic in World War I
972:
692:
was 250 mm (9.8 in) thick, and the deck was 38 mm (1.5 in) thick. The
596:
558:
476:
254:
475:(Royal Navy). The Navy specified a vessel that would be more powerful than contemporary
1449:
996:
921:
917:
797:
581:
554:
460:
422:
275:
1540:
1674:
1000:
968:
809:
693:
612:
604:
367:
287:
1533:
681:
663:
647:
619:
570:
562:
470:
438:
406:
397:
335:
91:
1551:
1377:
Fraccaroli, Aldo (1985). "Italy". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).
1318:
565:
of 8.58 m (28.1 ft). She displaced 13,807 long tons (14,029 t) at
1033:
913:
728:
708:
577:
430:
410:
361:
267:
1320:
The History of the Italian-Turkish War: September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912
937:
745:
689:
631:
608:
574:
536:
355:
349:
228:
933:
840:
821:
720:
671:
655:
643:
566:
434:
426:
402:
384:
291:
1328:
943:
As a result, the ship's career during the war was limited. During the war,
779:
615:(19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
956:
952:
829:
488:
232:
180:
948:
905:
839:
and the other ships of the 1st Squadron were dispersed in the ports of
817:
753:
1470:
Leyland, John (1908). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Italian Manoeuvres".
862:
1004:
896:
801:
778:
685:
524:
492:
184:
924:. The primary naval opponent for the duration of the war was the
599:. Steam for the engines was provided by twenty-eight coal-fired
425:
in 1911–1912, where she participated in the Italian conquest of
295:
1555:
1032:, and were thus obsolescent by this period, but Italy's first
1438:
Henderson, W. H., ed. (1919). "Four Months in the Adriatic".
1354:
Fraccaroli, Aldo (1979). "Italy". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
824:
and torpedo boats escorted a convoy that carried half of the
812:. She joined the squadron late, on 5 October. On 18 October,
634:, one forward and one aft. The ship was also equipped with a
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
505:—were ordered for the 1901 fiscal year, and the final pair—
433:
in 1915–1918, where she saw no action due to the threat of
920:
had convinced the Italians to enter the war against the
1385:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 252–290.
1362:. Annapolis: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 334–359.
662:
was also equipped with two 450 mm (17.7 in)
588:
had a crew of 742–764 officers and enlisted men.
1517:
405:
shipyard between 1901 and 1907, and was armed with a
1442:. Vol. IV. The Naval Society. pp. 352–360.
18:
Pre-dreadnought battleship of the Italian Royal Navy
1345:Brassey, Thomas A. (1911). "Comparative Strength".
1336:Brassey, Thomas A. (1908). "Comparative Strength".
607:. The ship's propulsion system was rated at 19,299
1448:
1378:
1355:
1381:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
1358:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
35:on 17 May 1907, about four months before she was
912:Italy declared neutrality after the outbreak of
889:and were supervised by the Duke of the Abruzzi.
796:On 29 September 1911, Italy declared war on the
591:Her propulsion system consisted of two vertical
1567:
712:
468:
104:
89:
8:
1323:. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute.
959:, but did not see combat. In February 1916,
1301:
1174:
1086:
1074:
1574:
1560:
1552:
1474:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 76–81.
1349:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 55–62.
1340:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 48–57.
744:participated in a naval demonstration off
561:of 22.4 m (73 ft) and a maximum
1423:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
467:, then the Chief Engineer of the Italian
298:) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
1277:
1253:
1241:
1162:
1098:
971:of the Austro-Hungarian Navy raided the
816:and her three sisters, along with three
750:Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi
401:(Royal Navy). The ship was built by the
1524:
1054:
1021:
1691:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy
916:in August 1914, but by July 1915, the
22:
1265:
999:on 16 February 1923 and subsequently
650:was provided by a battery of sixteen
517:—were authorized the following year.
49:
7:
1404:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
928:; the Naval Chief of Staff, Admiral
804:. For the duration of the conflict,
618:As built, the ship was armed with a
1198:
1186:
1110:
1042:, did not enter service until 1913.
14:
1455:. London: Southwater Publishing.
877:was involved in experiments with
857:were stationed in Benghazi, with
642:45-cal. guns in six twin turrets
1686:World War I battleships of Italy
1539:
1527:
1150:
1124:"Italy May Seize Turkish Island"
990:, Italy was permitted to retain
459:class was prepared by the noted
318:305 mm (12 in)/40 guns
51:
26:
1488:Italian Warships of World War I
1317:Beehler, William Henry (1913).
977:Battle of the Strait of Otranto
553:was 144.6 meters (474 ft)
334:2 × 450 mm (17.7 in)
324:203 mm (8 in)/45 guns
1681:Regina Elena-class battleships
1402:A Naval History of World War I
885:. The tests were conducted by
654:40-cal. guns in casemates and
646:. Close-range defense against
593:triple-expansion steam engines
437:in the narrow confines of the
330:76 mm (3 in)/40 guns
249:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
451:Regina Elena-class battleship
413:(39 km/h; 24 mph).
1658:List of battleships of Italy
731:work was completed, she was
603:that were vented into three
580:that extended past the main
1030:pre-dreadnought battleships
932:, believed the threat from
481:pre-dreadnought battleships
393:pre-dreadnought battleships
352:: 250 mm (9.8 in)
1717:
1212:"Warship for Marconi Test"
851:, and the armored cruiser
789:
723:on 27 March 1901, and was
630:guns placed in two single
569:. The ship had a slightly
448:
370:: 254 mm (10 in)
364:: 38 mm (1.5 in)
211:8.58 m (28.1 ft)
195:144.6 m (474 ft)
170:pre-dreadnought battleship
1653:
1628:
1592:
1486:Fraccaroli, Aldo (1970).
1419:Halpern, Paul G. (2004).
1400:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
539:from the 1912 edition of
495:). The first two vessels—
358:: 203 mm (8 in)
154:
44:
25:
1701:Ships built in La Spezia
1244:, pp. 140–142, 150.
756:in the aftermath of the
624:305 mm (12 in)
479:and faster than foreign
203:22.4 m (73 ft)
1514:Marina Militare website
1290:Washington Naval Treaty
1189:, pp. 6, 9, 27–29.
988:Washington Naval Treaty
986:Under the terms of the
861:recently arriving from
758:1908 Messina earthquake
727:on 19 June 1904. After
640:203 mm (8 in)
487:of no more than 13,000
417:was active in both the
155:General characteristics
909:
787:
713:
652:76 mm (3 in)
547:
529:A line drawing of the
469:
395:built for the Italian
105:
90:
1490:. London: Ian Allan.
1201:, pp. 47–49, 64.
926:Austro-Hungarian Navy
900:
826:2nd Infantry Division
782:
738:Alfonso di Brocchetti
715:Arsenale di La Spezia
528:
107:Arsenale di La Spezia
1447:Hore, Peter (2006).
1292:, Chapter II: Part I
930:Paolo Thaon di Revel
609:indicated horsepower
96:(Italian Royal Navy)
1512:Regina Elena (1904)
879:wireless telegraphy
752:. The ship went to
680:was protected with
455:The design for the
80:Elena of Montenegro
1586:-class battleships
1220:The New York Times
1129:The New York Times
975:; in the ensuring
910:
800:in order to seize
788:
769:-class battleships
601:Belleville boilers
548:
465:Vittorio Cuniberti
223:Belleville boilers
1666:
1665:
1635:Regina Margherita
1605:Vittorio Emanuele
1497:978-0-7110-0105-3
1462:978-1-84476-299-6
1430:978-0-253-34379-6
1411:978-1-55750-352-7
1392:978-0-85177-245-5
1369:978-0-85177-133-5
1113:, pp. 77–78.
887:Guglielmo Marconi
792:Italo-Turkish War
775:Italo-Turkish War
767:Regina Margherita
740:. In April 1908,
636:secondary battery
595:, each driving a
502:Vittorio Emanuele
419:Italo-Turkish War
376:
375:
134:11 September 1907
1708:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1501:
1475:
1472:The Naval Annual
1466:
1454:
1443:
1440:The Naval Review
1434:
1415:
1396:
1384:
1373:
1361:
1350:
1347:The Naval Annual
1341:
1338:The Naval Annual
1332:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1043:
1026:
883:Syracuse, Sicily
718:
684:manufactured in
544:
477:armored cruisers
474:
255:screw propellers
142:16 February 1923
110:
95:
61:
56:
55:
54:
30:
23:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1649:
1644:Dante Alighieri
1624:
1588:
1580:
1550:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1508:
1498:
1485:
1482:
1480:Further reading
1469:
1463:
1446:
1437:
1431:
1418:
1412:
1399:
1393:
1376:
1370:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1302:Fraccaroli 1985
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1175:Fraccaroli 1985
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1132:. 19 April 1908
1122:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1087:Fraccaroli 1985
1085:
1081:
1075:Fraccaroli 1979
1073:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1039:Dante Alighieri
1028:These were all
1027:
1023:
1018:
1013:
973:Otranto Barrage
895:
873:In March 1914,
794:
777:
702:
700:Service history
597:screw propeller
542:
523:
521:Characteristics
453:
447:
216:Installed power
57:
52:
50:
40:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1714:
1712:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1549:
1548:
1536:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1506:External links
1504:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1461:
1444:
1435:
1429:
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1410:
1397:
1391:
1374:
1368:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1304:, p. 254.
1294:
1282:
1280:, p. 156.
1270:
1268:, p. 359.
1258:
1246:
1234:
1223:. 2 March 1914
1203:
1191:
1179:
1177:, p. 259.
1167:
1155:
1143:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1089:, p. 255.
1079:
1077:, p. 344.
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1051:
1048:
1045:
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1020:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
997:naval register
969:light cruisers
922:Central Powers
918:Triple Entente
894:
891:
798:Ottoman Empire
790:Main article:
776:
773:
701:
698:
666:placed in the
613:nautical miles
545:s Naval Annual
522:
519:
461:naval engineer
449:Main article:
446:
443:
423:Ottoman Empire
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294:; 12,000
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1676:
1669:
1659:
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1655:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1641:Followed by:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:Preceded by:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
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1600:
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1513:
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1505:
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1451:The Ironclads
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1298:
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1279:
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1267:
1262:
1259:
1256:, p. 20.
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
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1222:
1221:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1165:, p. 56.
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:, p. 81.
1152:
1147:
1144:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1101:, p. 52.
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
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1025:
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989:
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941:
939:
935:
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923:
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907:
903:
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892:
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888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
835:By December,
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:Augusto Aubry
807:
803:
799:
793:
785:
781:
774:
772:
770:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
716:
710:
706:
699:
697:
695:
694:conning tower
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
664:torpedo tubes
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:torpedo boats
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
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587:
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579:
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538:
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533:
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520:
518:
516:
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494:
491:(13,210
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399:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:
369:
368:Conning tower
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
347:
346:
343:
342:
337:
336:torpedo tubes
333:
331:
327:
325:
321:
319:
315:
314:
313:
310:
309:
305:
302:
301:
297:
293:
290:(19,000
289:
285:
282:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
261:
256:
252:
250:
246:
245:
244:
241:
240:
234:
231:(14,391
230:
226:
224:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
210:
207:
206:
202:
199:
198:
194:
191:
190:
186:
183:(14,029
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
166:
162:
159:
158:
153:
149:
146:
145:
141:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:27 March 1901
117:
114:
113:
109:
108:
103:
100:
99:
94:
93:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
60:
48:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
1668:
1643:
1634:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1598:Regina Elena
1597:
1596:
1584:Regina Elena
1583:
1487:
1471:
1450:
1439:
1420:
1401:
1380:
1357:
1346:
1337:
1319:
1297:
1285:
1278:Halpern 1995
1273:
1261:
1254:Halpern 2004
1249:
1242:Halpern 1995
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1218:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1163:Brassey 1911
1158:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1127:
1118:
1106:
1099:Brassey 1908
1094:
1082:
1038:
1024:
992:Regina Elena
991:
985:
981:Regina Elena
980:
964:
961:Regina Elena
960:
945:Regina Elena
944:
942:
911:
908:in May 1915.
902:Regina Elena
901:
875:Regina Elena
874:
872:
867:Regina Elena
866:
859:Regina Elena
858:
853:
848:
845:Regina Elena
844:
837:Regina Elena
836:
834:
820:and several
814:Regina Elena
813:
806:Regina Elena
805:
795:
784:Regina Elena
783:
766:
762:Regina Elena
761:
742:Regina Elena
741:
733:commissioned
719:shipyard in
705:Regina Elena
704:
703:
678:Regina Elena
677:
676:
660:Regina Elena
659:
656:pivot mounts
620:main battery
617:
590:
586:Regina Elena
585:
571:inverted bow
555:long overall
551:Regina Elena
550:
549:
540:
532:Regina Elena
531:
513:
507:
501:
497:Regina Elena
496:
485:displacement
471:Regia Marina
457:Regina Elena
456:
454:
439:Adriatic Sea
415:Regina Elena
414:
407:main battery
398:Regia Marina
396:
380:Regina Elena
379:
378:
377:
286:10,000
274:; 23.9
227:19,299
176:Displacement
165:Regina Elena
164:
126:19 June 1904
92:Regia Marina
70:Regina Elena
69:
37:commissioned
33:Regina Elena
32:
20:
15:
1546:Engineering
1034:dreadnought
914:World War I
893:World War I
729:fitting-out
682:Krupp steel
632:gun turrets
573:and a long
537:battleships
431:World War I
270:(38.5
1696:1904 ships
1675:Categories
1311:References
934:submarines
822:destroyers
746:Asia Minor
670:below the
638:of twelve
575:forecastle
557:and had a
435:submarines
303:Complement
242:Propulsion
1266:Henderson
1050:Citations
1011:Footnotes
1001:broken up
938:MAS boats
854:San Marco
841:Cyrenaica
786:at anchor
721:La Spezia
709:laid down
690:main belt
672:waterline
644:amidships
567:full load
489:long tons
427:Cyrenaica
421:with the
403:La Spezia
389:her class
385:lead ship
181:long tons
131:Completed
115:Laid down
953:Brindisi
830:Benghazi
818:cruisers
725:launched
383:was the
311:Armament
150:Scrapped
139:Stricken
123:Launched
86:Operator
76:Namesake
1520:Portals
1329:1408563
1227:18 June
1199:Beehler
1187:Beehler
1136:18 June
1111:Leyland
949:Taranto
906:Taranto
754:Messina
711:at the
628:caliber
622:of two
605:funnels
541:Brassey
356:Turrets
306:742–764
179:13,807
101:Builder
45:History
1619:Napoli
1494:
1459:
1427:
1408:
1389:
1366:
1327:
957:Valona
955:, and
863:Tobruk
688:. The
534:-class
514:Napoli
445:Design
429:, and
192:Length
167:-class
1637:class
1534:Italy
1215:(PDF)
1016:Notes
1005:scrap
802:Libya
686:Terni
563:draft
543:'
483:on a
411:knots
362:Decks
344:Armor
328:16 ×
322:12 ×
283:Range
268:knots
266:20.8
263:Speed
221:28 ×
208:Draft
59:Italy
1612:Roma
1492:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1325:OCLC
1229:2013
1151:Hore
1138:2013
1003:for
965:Roma
963:and
849:Roma
707:was
668:hull
582:mast
578:deck
559:beam
511:and
508:Roma
499:and
350:Belt
316:2 ×
272:km/h
253:2 ×
247:2 ×
200:Beam
147:Fate
66:Name
904:at
881:in
828:to
626:40-
391:of
387:of
288:nmi
276:mph
229:ihp
1677::
1217:.
1126:.
1057:^
1036:,
1007:.
979:,
951:,
847:,
843:.
771:.
760:.
674:.
658:.
584:.
463:,
296:mi
292:km
233:kW
1575:e
1568:t
1561:v
1522::
1500:.
1465:.
1433:.
1414:.
1395:.
1372:.
1331:.
1231:.
1140:.
493:t
278:)
235:)
187:)
185:t
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
