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had fled the missions and assisted the
Guaycurus. Many of the Itatínes and other Guaranì were migrating west during this period, a pull factor being the wealth of the former Inca Empire and a push factor being to escape the Bandeirantes and the Spanish colonists. In 1661, in a counter movement, some
176:, Nianduabusuvius (Nanduabuçu). Bandeirantes raids continued, however, often with the assistance of Spanish colonists who also desired Indian slave labor. Nainduabusuvius himself was captured in 1642 along with 1,000 Christianized Indians who were taken away to work as slaves in coastal Brazil.
159:
from Brazil made those missions untenable. Looking for alternatives the
Jesuits moved the Guayrá missions southwest and explored new mission fields. In 1631, a Jesuit priest named Jacobo Ransonnier journeyed to Itatín where a small Spanish settlement existed at
142:
joined a party of Guaraní journeying westwards to pillage the wealth of the Incas. Jesuits missions in Itatín near the ford had the objectives of facilitating access to their missions in Peru and
Bolivia and enabling them to evangelize the Chiquitos people.
168:). The Itatínes were suspicious; they had been raided previously by Bandeirantes, apparently with the assistance of Portuguese priests, or laymen impersonating priests. Neverthess, Ransonnier with other Jesuits succeeded in establishing missions along the
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In 1644, the Itatínes revolted and threatened and abused several
Jesuits. The Jesuits lured Nianduabusuvius' son and two nephews into a trap and executed them, but the Jesuits could not recoup their position in Itatín. In 1648, the prominent Bandeirante
118:) the river dropped to a depth of only 2 m (6.6 ft) during the dry season months of November to January. Use of this ford by the Itatínes and other Indians pre-dated the Jesuits. The ford marked the beginning of the easiest route across the
212:, a riverine people related to the Mbayá who lived along the Paraguay River. The Payagua fought and won many battles with prospectors attempting to reach gold mines north of Itatín via the Paraguay River.
187:
Moreover, the Jesuit objective of opening a route from Itatín to Peru failed. Two
Jesuits crossed the Paraguay River in 1645 and headed west across the Gran Chaco. They were captured and executed by the
151:
Early
Spanish explorations of the Itatín were prompted by an objective of finding a route to Peru. In 1609 the Jesuits began establishing missions in the
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Mbayá migrated east of the
Paraguay River and displaced many of the Itatin. For the next 100 years the expanding Mbayá and their subjects, the
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The Itatín was important for the existence of a ford across the
Paraguay River about 55 km (34 mi) south of the present day city of
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The Itatín region is roughly 300 km (190 mi) from north to south and the same distance from east to west. It is bordered by the
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of Brazil and revolts against the
Jesuits. Considered part of colonial Paraguay, Itatín was ceded to Brazil in 1750 by the
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church began founding missions in Itatín but the missions failed in 1648 because of slave raids by the
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40:
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completed the destruction of the Jesuit missions and the expulsion of the
Spanish from Itatín.
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51:) inhabiting the region gave their name to Itatín. The Itatínes were related to the
16:
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68:
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35:) was a 17th century region, corresponding to the western half of the 21st century
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region of Brazil, 800 km (500 mi) southeast of Itatín. Slave raids by
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Access to the Itatín region was also hindered during the 18th century by the
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who were becoming nomadic horsemen. Some Itatínes especially the anti-Jesuit
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Itatín is in Brazil, east of the Paraguay River and south of the Pantanal.
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in Peru and Bolivia. The ford was first used by Europeans in 1524 when
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on the south. The climate is tropical and the vegetation ranges from
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The 21st century survivors of the Itatín people are likely the
404:"Itatines y Guarayos: (Oriente boliviano, siglos XVI-XVIII)"
362:
205:, plus the surviving Itatin, controlled Itatín.
8:
467:Americania Revista Estudios Latinoamericanos
446:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
192:, probably the people later known as the
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172:, by gaining the confidence of a local
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7:
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461:Martinez, Cecilia Gabriela (2017).
75:. The name has fallen out of use.
14:
483:"Francisco Jose Sanchez Labrador"
531:Jesuit history in South America
526:Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis
363:Francisco Jose Sanchez Labrador
95:wetland to the north, and the
1:
463:"Cavaleiros versus Flecheros"
521:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
487:Real Academia de la Historia
114:. Called the Jesuit's Ford (
55:who lived to their south in
552:
43:. The indigenous people (
511:Regions of South America
269:, pp. 14–16, 37–43.
227:of Brazil and Paraguay.
402:Combes, Isabel (2015).
442:Hemming, John (1978).
423:Gott, Richard (1993).
182:Antonio Raposo Tavares
134:, the homeland of the
91:on the east, the vast
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21:
19:
257:, pp. 260, 271.
116:Paso de las Jesuitas
101:tropical rain forest
389:, pp. 161–162.
377:, pp. 395–401.
341:, pp. 333–335.
329:, pp. 272–273.
317:, pp. 172–273.
219:in Bolivia and the
536:Mato Grosso do Sul
164:(near present-day
89:Maracaju Mountains
41:Mato Grosso do Sul
22:
427:. London: Verso.
425:Land without Evil
305:, pp. 41–42.
281:, pp. 37–43.
162:Santiago de Jerez
87:on the west, the
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73:Treaty of Madrid
59:. In 1631, the
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245:, p. 300.
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221:Guarani-Kaiowá
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85:Paraguay River
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65:Roman Catholic
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490:. Retrieved
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471:. Retrieved
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412:. Retrieved
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396:Bibliography
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375:Hemming 1978
370:
358:
351:Hemming 1978
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327:Hemming 1978
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315:Hemming 1978
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291:Hemming 1978
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255:Hemming 1978
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225:Pai Tavytera
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157:Bandeirantes
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107:grassland.
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69:Bandeirantes
61:Jesuit Order
48:
44:
24:
23:
410:. Anthropos
387:Combes 2015
136:Inca Empire
130:and to the
505:Categories
453:0674751078
434:0860913988
166:Aquidauana
122:region to
120:Gran Chaco
29:Portuguese
469:. Conicet
303:Gott 1993
279:Gott 1993
267:Gott 1993
243:Gott 1993
190:Guaycurus
124:Chiquitos
97:Apa River
79:Geography
39:state of
37:Brazilian
492:25 April
473:20 April
444:Red Gold
414:20 April
217:Guarayos
105:savannah
93:Pantanal
57:Paraguay
210:Payagua
198:shamans
174:cacique
128:Bolivia
112:Corumbá
63:of the
53:Guaraní
45:Indians
450:
431:
153:Guayrá
49:Indios
33:Itatim
25:Itatín
408:JSTOR
231:Notes
203:Guaná
194:Mbayá
132:Andes
494:2022
475:2022
448:ISBN
429:ISBN
416:2022
223:and
126:in
103:to
47:or
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485:.
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27:(
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