344:(1960-1977). The corporation was established at the request of the Secretary of the Air Force as a non-profit organization to apply "the full resources of modern science and technology to the problem of achieving those continued advances in ballistic missiles and space systems, which are basic to national security." Getting was a founding member of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Group (later renamed the Scientific Advisory Board) and chair of its Electronics Panel. Getting retired from The Aerospace Corporation in 1977.
36:
395:(ICBM) that would achieve mobility by traveling on a railroad system. While at The Aerospace Corporation he oversaw studies on the use of satellites as the basis for a navigation system for vehicles moving rapidly in three dimensions. In addition to his technical contributions to GPS, Getting was a tireless advocate of the project in the face of early resistance from the
387:(also known as "doodlebugs" or "buzz bombs") launched by Germany from June 1944 of the Second World War, by enabling accurate anti-aircraft fire to destroy the missiles. On 28 August 1944, the last day on which significant numbers of V-1s were launched against London, of 104 fired, 68 were destroyed by artillery, 16 by other means, and 16 crashed.
698:
448:
Laboratory at the Hague; deployment of U.S. air defense capability called the Semi-Automatic Ground
Environment (SAGE) radar system; direction of studies on MX missile basing and long-range combat aircraft; technical analysis and design of a long-range supersonic bomber capable of reaching the former
456:
As member of the
Undersea Warfare Committee of the National Research Council: Associate Director of Project Nobska sponsored by the U.S. Navy and concerning submarine warfare weapons; recommended a submarine-based, solid-propellant intermediate-range ballistic missile that formed the basis for the
390:
Getting was an early designer and proponent of satellite-based navigation systems which led to the development and deployment of the Global
Positioning System (GPS). While in Raytheon he oversaw the development of the first three-dimensional, time-difference-of-arrival position-finding system –
322:. He also served as head of the Naval Fire Control Section of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, member of the Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee on Searchlight and Fire Control, and head of the Radar Panel of the Research and Development Board of the Department of Defense.
626:"The V-1 menace secret weapons that saved Britain: After five years of war, Britain was shocked when the pilot;ess V-1s breached its defences to claim thousands of lives. The only way to fight back, writes Robert Buderi, was to rush through three top-secr"
1691:
1716:
314:(1940-1950; Director of the Division on Fire Control and Army Radar, Associate Professor 1945; Professor 1946). During the Second World War he was a special consultant to Secretary of War
730:
464:
At The
Aerospace Corporation: planning for new ballistic missile systems; oversight of space launch systems; development of high-powered chemical lasers; contributions to the
1582:
1736:
649:
348:
329:, Getting became Assistant for Development Planning, Deputy Chief of Staff, United States Air Force; and in 1951, Vice President for Engineering and Research at the
1746:
379:
While at MIT Radiation
Laboratory, Getting's group developed the first automatic microwave tracking fire control radar, the SCR 584. This system, along with the
1091:
1706:
356:
1661:
1671:
535:
445:
1731:
1726:
723:
704:
444:
As a consultant to the US government: implementation of the Quick
Reaction Capability for Electronic Counter-Measures; establishment of the SHAPE
1575:
334:
1681:
1656:
1721:
284:
1053:
1686:
716:
1568:
874:
392:
1666:
1084:
119:
1711:
1461:
531:
411:
492:
57:
100:
1701:
53:
670:
72:
1741:
1077:
79:
739:
545:
46:
1676:
1591:
482:
341:
229:
201:
1696:
1147:
962:
422:
311:
280:
288:
86:
1615:
1123:
403:
1605:
1422:
1222:
1195:
292:
907:
68:
1536:
1512:
688:
507:
1651:
1646:
1309:
934:
449:
Soviet Union and returning without refueling (Getting's work is credited in the reinstatement of the
368:
352:
330:
182:
1434:
1375:
1315:
1250:
1207:
1103:
970:
940:
844:
513:
391:
developed in response to an Air Force requirement for a guidance system to be used with a proposed
217:
1244:
1141:
980:
878:
860:
815:
307:
296:
225:
528:
Air Force Space and
Missile Pioneers Hall of Fame at Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs
1625:
1393:
1369:
1351:
1183:
1022:
998:
966:
944:
913:
840:
245:
333:(1951-1960). While at Raytheon, Getting also served on the Undersea Warfare Committee of the
1548:
1473:
1416:
1300:
1213:
1177:
1049:
885:
850:
811:
801:
522:
415:
315:
257:
163:
1620:
1333:
1201:
901:
895:
795:
674:
488:
465:
384:
249:
241:
221:
93:
1039:
708:
1524:
1449:
1327:
1321:
1276:
1270:
1016:
1010:
1002:
952:
930:
870:
807:
791:
779:
625:
469:
458:
414:
anti-aircraft fire control system; as well as in the development and building of a 350
380:
233:
1640:
1542:
1530:
1455:
1387:
1291:
1238:
1159:
1117:
1057:
1006:
994:
988:
984:
974:
948:
891:
775:
426:
264:
159:
699:
Article in New
Scientist magazine on 3 top-secret projects to defend against the V-1
1610:
1506:
1491:
1467:
1381:
1345:
1234:
1228:
1045:
758:
396:
300:
1518:
1485:
1479:
1440:
1363:
1339:
958:
832:
785:
598:
430:
418:
35:
17:
1399:
1285:
1165:
754:
693:
667:
450:
434:
326:
310:
on nuclear instrumentation and cosmic rays (Junior Fellow, 1935–1940) and the
1560:
1428:
1357:
213:
866:
836:
438:
276:
272:
407:
268:
237:
1069:
555:
253:
240:, an automatic microwave tracking fire-control system, which enabled
519:
Department of
Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service (1997)
319:
1100:
402:
He was also involved in the development of the first high-speed
1564:
1073:
712:
1692:
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
559:
29:
212:(January 18, 1912 – October 11, 2003) was an American
504:
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Pioneer Award (1975)
884:
Minoru S. Araki / Francis J. Madden / Edward A. Miller /
658:(search on year 1941 and institution Harvard University)
410:. He also was involved in the development of the Navy
433:
missile systems; as well as commercial production of
1717:
People associated with the Global Positioning System
551:
National Inventors Hall of Fame (posthumously, 2004)
1598:
1409:
1260:
1110:
1032:
923:
825:
768:
747:
197:
189:
171:
141:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
351:. He also served on the board of directors of the
248:to destroy a significant percentage of the German
425:. He also was involved in the development of the
349:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
383:, significantly reduced damage to London by the
375:Major technical and administrative contributions
558:list of the top 150 innovators and ideas from
1576:
1085:
724:
232:(GPS). He was the co-leader (the other being
8:
587:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. pp. 244–245.
357:Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
236:) of the research group which developed the
694:http://www.thespacereview.com/article/626/1
1583:
1569:
1561:
1092:
1078:
1070:
731:
717:
709:
501:Air Force Exceptional Service Award (1960)
131:
541:Navy Superior Public Service Award (1999)
446:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1737:Fellows of the American Physical Society
263:Getting was born on January 18, 1912 in
578:
576:
574:
570:
347:In 1978, he served as President of the
340:In 1960, he was founding President of
1747:American telecommunications engineers
554:In 2011, he was listed at #10 on the
367:Getting died on October 11, 2003, in
285:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
536:International Aerospace Hall of Fame
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1707:American nonprofit chief executives
393:Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
25:
1662:American people of Slovak descent
585:Merton College Register 1900-1964
355:and the Board of Trustees of the
1672:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
544:National Academy of Engineering
498:Naval Ordnance Development Award
34:
1732:20th-century American inventors
1727:20th-century American engineers
548:(with Bradford Parkinson, 2003)
453:funding by the U.S. Congress).
45:needs additional citations for
27:American physicist and engineer
689:Interview with Ivan A. Getting
493:President of the United States
228:) with the development of the
193:Physicist, Electrical Engineer
1:
1682:American electrical engineers
1657:Scientists from New York City
476:Major awards and recognitions
1722:Engineers from New York City
668:Inventor's Hall of Fame 2004
583:Levens, R.G.C., ed. (1964).
287:(MIT) as an Edison Scholar (
603:IEEE Global History Network
1763:
1687:Medal for Merit recipients
888:/ Don H. Schoessler (2005)
740:Charles Stark Draper Prize
546:Charles Stark Draper Prize
532:San Diego Aerospace Museum
1592:The Aerospace Corporation
1042:/ C. Grant Willson (2020)
654:American Physical Society
483:American Physical Society
342:The Aerospace Corporation
335:National Research Council
230:Global Positioning System
202:Global Positioning System
1667:American Rhodes Scholars
1148:Walter Ransom Gail Baker
423:MIT Radiation Laboratory
312:MIT Radiation Laboratory
281:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1616:William F. Ballhaus Jr.
1297:Shigeru Yonezawa (1982)
1267:Edward W. Herold (1976)
1219:Morris D. Hooven (1970)
1124:Alfred Norton Goldsmith
220:, credited (along with
1712:Presidents of the IEEE
1606:Edward C. Aldridge Jr.
1423:Thomas Eugene Everhart
1196:Elmer William Engstrom
472:space launch systems.
293:Merton College, Oxford
210:Ivan Alexander Getting
146:Ivan Alexander Getting
1537:John Brooks Slaughter
1513:N. R. Narayana Murthy
1446:Toshiharu Aoki (2006)
1306:Koji Kobayashi (1984)
318:on the Army's use of
1702:Draper Prize winners
1497:James Plummer (2015)
935:Willem P. C. Stemmer
650:"APS Fellow Archive"
369:Coronado, California
353:Northrop Corporation
331:Raytheon Corporation
325:In 1950, during the
291:Physics, 1933); and
183:Coronado, California
54:improve this article
1742:Microwave engineers
1435:Mildred Dresselhaus
1376:Norman R. Augustine
1316:George H. Heilmeier
1208:Patrick E. Haggerty
971:Richard H. Frenkiel
941:George H. Heilmeier
845:Lawrence G. Roberts
514:IEEE Founders Medal
299:(D.Phil., 1935) in
283:. He attended the
218:electrical engineer
1245:Lawrence A. Hyland
1142:Raymond A. Heising
981:John B. Goodenough
879:Charles P. Thacker
861:Bradford Parkinson
816:John B. MacChesney
673:2009-03-15 at the
308:Harvard University
246:anti-aircraft guns
226:Bradford Parkinson
1634:
1633:
1626:Eberhardt Rechtin
1558:
1557:
1394:Benjamin M. Rosen
1370:Malcolm R. Currie
1352:Roland W. Schmitt
1184:Andrew McNaughton
1067:
1066:
1023:Bjarne Stroustrup
983:/ Yoshio Nishi /
967:Yoshihisa Okumura
945:Wolfgang Helfrich
914:Robert H. Dennard
841:Leonard Kleinrock
703:Zabudnutý génius
252:launched against
207:
206:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1754:
1677:Slovak inventors
1599:Related articles
1585:
1578:
1571:
1562:
1549:Tsu-Jae King Liu
1474:James F. Gibbons
1417:Robert A. Frosch
1301:Joseph M. Pettit
1282:Hanzo Omi (1979)
1251:John G. Brainerd
1214:E. Finley Carter
1178:Frederick Terman
1094:
1087:
1080:
1071:
1050:John L. Hennessy
908:Rudolf E. Kálmán
886:James W. Plummer
812:Robert D. Maurer
802:Vladimir Haensel
733:
726:
719:
710:
677:
665:
659:
657:
646:
640:
639:
637:
636:
624:Buderi, Robert.
621:
615:
614:
612:
610:
595:
589:
588:
580:
523:John Fritz Medal
508:Kitty Hawk Award
385:V-1 flying bombs
316:Henry L. Stimson
271:immigrants from
258:Second World War
250:V-1 flying bombs
178:
175:October 11, 2003
156:January 18, 1912
155:
153:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1697:Harvard Fellows
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1621:Ivan A. Getting
1594:
1589:
1559:
1554:
1405:
1334:Ivan A. Getting
1256:
1202:Harvey Fletcher
1106:
1098:
1068:
1063:
1054:David Patterson
1028:
919:
902:Tim Berners-Lee
896:George E. Smith
821:
796:Harold A. Rosen
764:
743:
737:
685:
680:
675:Wayback Machine
666:
662:
648:
647:
643:
634:
632:
623:
622:
618:
608:
606:
597:
596:
592:
582:
581:
572:
568:
491:awarded by the
489:Medal for Merit
478:
377:
365:
279:and grew up in
267:to a family of
242:M9 Gun Director
222:Roger L. Easton
185:
180:
176:
167:
157:
151:
149:
148:
147:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Ivan A. Getting
15:
12:
11:
5:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1525:Jen-Hsun Huang
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1450:Anita K. Jones
1447:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1328:Ian Munro Ross
1325:
1322:James B. Owens
1319:
1313:
1310:William Norris
1307:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1277:Donald G. Fink
1274:
1271:Jerome Wiesner
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:Founders Medal
1099:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1017:Andrew Viterbi
1014:
1011:Shuji Nakamura
1003:Russell Dupuis
999:George Craford
992:
978:
956:
953:T. Peter Brody
938:
931:Frances Arnold
927:
925:
921:
920:
918:
917:
911:
905:
899:
889:
882:
871:Butler Lampson
864:
854:
848:
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
819:
808:Charles K. Kao
805:
799:
792:John R. Pierce
789:
783:
780:Hans von Ohain
772:
770:
766:
765:
763:
762:
751:
749:
745:
744:
738:
736:
735:
728:
721:
713:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
684:
683:External links
681:
679:
678:
660:
641:
616:
599:"Ivan Getting"
590:
569:
567:
564:
563:
562:
552:
549:
542:
539:
529:
526:
520:
517:
511:
505:
502:
499:
496:
486:
481:Fellow of the
477:
474:
381:proximity fuze
376:
373:
364:
361:
297:Rhodes Scholar
295:as a Graduate
234:Louis Ridenour
205:
204:
199:
198:Known for
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
181:
179:(aged 91)
173:
169:
168:
158:
145:
143:
139:
138:
135:
128:
127:
69:"Ivan Getting"
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1759:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:Rodney Brooks
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:Henry Samueli
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:Craig Barrett
1460:
1457:
1456:Steven Sample
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:Alan W. Rudge
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:James Hillier
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1239:David Packard
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:Haraden Pratt
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:David Sarnoff
1116:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1059:
1058:Sophie Wilson
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:Nick Holonyak
1004:
1000:
996:
995:Isamu Akasaki
993:
990:
989:Akira Yoshino
986:
985:Rachid Yazami
982:
979:
976:
975:Joel S. Engel
972:
968:
964:
963:Martin Cooper
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:Martin Schadt
946:
942:
939:
936:
932:
929:
928:
926:
922:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
893:
892:Willard Boyle
890:
887:
883:
880:
876:
875:Robert Taylor
872:
868:
865:
862:
858:
855:
852:
851:Robert Langer
849:
846:
842:
838:
834:
831:
830:
828:
824:
817:
813:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
777:
776:Frank Whittle
774:
773:
771:
767:
760:
756:
753:
752:
750:
746:
741:
734:
729:
727:
722:
720:
715:
714:
711:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
676:
672:
669:
664:
661:
655:
651:
645:
642:
631:
630:New Scientist
627:
620:
617:
604:
600:
594:
591:
586:
579:
577:
575:
571:
565:
561:
557:
553:
550:
547:
543:
540:
537:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
490:
487:
484:
480:
479:
475:
473:
471:
467:
462:
460:
454:
452:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
388:
386:
382:
374:
372:
370:
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:He worked at
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:New York City
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
203:
200:
196:
192:
190:Occupation(s)
188:
184:
174:
170:
165:
161:
160:New York City
144:
140:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1611:Wanda Austin
1507:Takeo Kanade
1500:
1492:Eric Schmidt
1468:Paul E. Gray
1410:2001–present
1382:Gordon Moore
1346:Irwin Dorros
1235:Bill Hewlett
1229:Masaru Ibuka
1189:
1171:
1153:
1135:
1129:
1046:Steve Furber
1040:Jean Fréchet
857:Ivan Getting
856:
786:John Backus
759:Robert Noyce
663:
653:
644:
633:. Retrieved
629:
619:
607:. Retrieved
602:
593:
584:
463:
455:
443:
401:
389:
378:
366:
346:
339:
324:
305:
301:astrophysics
262:
256:late in the
209:
208:
177:(2003-10-11)
136:Ivan Getting
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1652:2003 deaths
1647:1912 births
1519:Robin Saxby
1486:Leo Beranek
1480:F. C. Kohli
1441:Eugene Wong
1364:Akio Morita
1340:Erich Bloch
1223:Ernst Weber
959:Thomas Haug
833:Vinton Cerf
435:transistors
427:Sparrow III
419:synchrotron
406:circuit at
371:, aged 91.
1641:Categories
1400:Bob Galvin
1286:Simon Ramo
1166:Ralph Bown
755:Jack Kilby
742:recipients
635:2021-03-17
566:References
451:B-1 bomber
412:GFCS MK-56
327:Korean War
152:1912-01-18
110:April 2024
80:newspapers
1429:Ray Stata
1358:Ken Olsen
1261:1976–2000
1111:1953–1975
867:Alan Kay
609:10 August
461:missile.
404:flip-flop
244:directed
214:physicist
1501:No award
1190:No award
1172:No award
1154:No award
1136:No award
1130:No award
837:Bob Kahn
671:Archived
439:Raytheon
397:Pentagon
277:Slovakia
164:New York
466:Mercury
459:Polaris
408:Harvard
238:SCR-584
94:scholar
1551:(2024)
1545:(2023)
1539:(2022)
1533:(2021)
1527:(2020)
1521:(2019)
1515:(2018)
1509:(2017)
1503:(2016)
1494:(2014)
1488:(2013)
1482:(2012)
1476:(2011)
1470:(2010)
1464:(2009)
1458:(2008)
1452:(2007)
1443:(2005)
1437:(2004)
1431:(2003)
1425:(2002)
1419:(2001)
1402:(2000)
1396:(1999)
1390:(1998)
1384:(1997)
1378:(1996)
1372:(1995)
1366:(1994)
1360:(1993)
1354:(1992)
1348:(1991)
1342:(1990)
1336:(1989)
1330:(1988)
1324:(1987)
1318:(1986)
1312:(1985)
1303:(1983)
1294:(1981)
1288:(1980)
1279:(1978)
1273:(1977)
1253:(1975)
1247:(1974)
1241:(1973)
1231:(1972)
1225:(1971)
1216:(1969)
1210:(1968)
1204:(1967)
1198:(1966)
1192:(1965)
1186:(1964)
1180:(1963)
1174:(1962)
1168:(1961)
1162:(1960)
1156:(1959)
1150:(1958)
1144:(1957)
1138:(1956)
1132:(1955)
1126:(1954)
1120:(1953)
1060:(2022)
1025:(2018)
1019:(2016)
1013:(2015)
991:(2014)
977:(2013)
955:(2012)
937:(2011)
916:(2009)
910:(2008)
904:(2007)
898:(2006)
881:(2004)
863:(2003)
853:(2002)
847:(2001)
818:(1999)
804:(1997)
798:(1995)
788:(1993)
782:(1991)
761:(1989)
605:. IEEE
556:MIT150
538:(2002)
525:(1998)
516:(1989)
510:(1975)
495:(1948)
485:(1941)
470:Gemini
269:Slovak
254:London
166:, U.S.
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1033:2020s
924:2010s
826:2000s
769:1990s
748:1980s
363:Death
320:radar
273:BytÄŤa
101:JSTOR
87:books
1237:and
1101:IEEE
611:2011
468:and
431:Hawk
429:and
289:S.B.
224:and
216:and
172:Died
142:Born
73:news
839:/
835:/
560:MIT
534:'s
437:at
421:at
416:MeV
303:.
56:by
1643::
1056:/
1052:/
1048:/
1009:/
1005:/
1001:/
997:/
987:/
973:/
969:/
965:/
961:/
951:/
947:/
943:/
933:/
894:/
877:/
873:/
869:/
859:/
843:/
814:/
810:/
794:/
778:/
757:/
652:.
628:.
601:.
573:^
441:.
399:.
359:.
337:.
275:,
260:.
162:,
1584:e
1577:t
1570:v
1093:e
1086:t
1079:v
732:e
725:t
718:v
656:.
638:.
613:.
154:)
150:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
