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417:, Smirnov, and others the organization comprised mainly lower-level less prominent oppositionists: followers of Zinoviev, with whom Trotsky attempted to maintain direct contact. It is equally probable that the NKVD knew about the bloc. Trotsky’s and Sedov’s staffs were thoroughly infiltrated, and Sedov’s closest collaborator in 1936,
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226:. Smirnov was subject to repeated arrests. In 1916, he was called up for army service in a reserve regiment in Tomsk. In 1917, he became a member of the executive committee of the Tomsk Soviet. In August of the same year, Smirnov was one of the organizers and managers of the Bolshevist publishing house
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as a terrorist plot and would form the original pretext for Ezhov’s campaign to destroy the former opposition. Smirnov, Gol’tsman, Zinoviev, Kamenev, and
Trotsky (in absentia) would be the defendants at the 1936 show trial, and the 1932 events would form the evidential basis for their
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envisioned no “terrorist” role for the bloc, although his call for a “new political revolution” to remove “the cadres, the bureaucracy” might well have been so interpreted in Moscow. There is also reason to believe that after the decapitation of the bloc through the removal of
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It is clear.. that
Trotsky did have a clandestine organization inside the USSR in this period and that he maintained communication with it. It is equally clear that a united oppositional bloc was formed in 1932.From the available evidence, it seems that
395:. While still incarcerated, Smirnov was brought as a defendant in the "United Anti-Soviet Trotskyite-Zinovievite Centre" case. He was sentenced to death on 24 August 1936, and executed the next day. Smirnov was
350:, another anti-Stalin manifesto. Stalin now moved against him. On 11 November 1927, Smirnov was removed from his Post and Telegraph position. A month later, he was expelled from the Party by the
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Then on 14 January 1933, Smirnov was arrested, and a month later again expelled from the Party, accused of forming an "anti-party group" in order to remove Stalin. Historian
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In
October 1929, Smirnov "broke with Trotskyism" and was reinstated in the Party in May 1930. In 1929–1932, he was director of
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Committee and
Northwestern Bureau of the Executive Committee of the Party. He was the closest associate of
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and was a member of the
Siberian bureau of the Party. Smirnov is known to have had close ties with the
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Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the
Central Committee of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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From April 1922 through July 1923, Smirnov was a member of the
Presidium of the
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Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet
Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933-1938
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during the war, and in the subsequent execution of Kolchak on 7 February 1920.
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250:(April 1919–May 1920). Smirnov played a pivotal role in defeating the army of
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which Trotsky characterized as an alliance to fight Stalinist repression.
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In 1920–1923, Smirnov was a member of the Executive Committee of the
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showed that by the end of 1932 Smirnov had joined a clandestine
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510:"Trotsky in Exile: The Founding of the Fourth International"
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and administered massacres of the rebellious peasants in
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On 14 April 1933, he was sentenced to five years in
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319:, which attacked by implication the influence of
307:In 1923, Smirnov became an active member of the
281:. In 1921–1922, Smirnov was a secretary of the
449:"The "Bloc" of the Oppositions against Stalin"
495:The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 1924–2000
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304:for Soviet Postal Services and Telegraph.
497:. Cambridge University Press. p. 49.
230:(Wave) in Moscow. He was a deputy of the
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665:Perpetrators of the Red Terror (Russia)
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375:People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry
163:functionary. A prominent member of the
151:; 1881 – 25 August 1936) was a Russian
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473:"Жертвы политического террора в СССР"
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311:. In October 1923, Smirnov signed
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596:The Death of Ivan Nikitich Smirnov
246:(August 1918–April 1919), and the
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561:. Cambridge University Press.
325:General Secretary of the Party
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346:In 1927, Smirnov signed the
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327:. After
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