345:, Kaija gave a rare speech, which she did not often do because of her hearing difficulty, on social issues facing the nation. Shortly after the lecture, she had a stroke, losing her remaining hearing, her ability to speak and her mobility. She spent three years in rehabilitation and regained the ability to walk awkwardly, but her right arm was paralyzed. Her hearing did not return, though she maintained her correspondence and writing by learning to write left-handed.
290:, an infectious eye disease, made it impossible for Lūkins to return to Latvia for nearly four years, but Kaija returned in 1917, with her daughter. She wrote articles favoring independence and worked as a social worker through the end of the war. As a supporter of Latvian independence, she was a deputy candidate for the first Latvian parliament and assisted with assembling the ministerial cabinet in 1918. That same year, she helped found the
222:, Germany. Taking advantage of the museums and art galleries, she supplemented her knowledge and learned English, French, German, Italian, Latin and Russian. In 1901, she abandoned her studies and married Lūkins, who had become an ophthalmologist and would later found the Latvian Physicians Association. The next few years, Lūkina worked as a journalist, had three children. In 1910, she went to Switzerland, where
31:
370:
At the time of Kaija's death, her works were discounted by the Soviet regime, but the contemporary relevance of her works has experienced a resurgence subsequently. In 2006, her 130th birthday was honored by the Mālpils Parish
Council, with selected readings and a public lecture.
357:
began, Kaija's works were removed from libraries and her works were disparaged. She was injured in a car accident on her way home from services on
Christmas Eve 1941 and taken to the hospital, where she died on 2 January 1942. Kaija was buried at the
352:
for her role in helping to build the
Latvian state. Between 1928 and 1931, she published a collection of her works in ten volumes. Increasingly, she found it difficult to continue writing and, by 1936, had all but stopped working. When the
230:
were living in exile, with her husband's support, to gain their input on her writing. During the visit, after a visit to a cemetery, she selected the pen name "Kaija", meaning seagull, from a monument she saw at a cemetery in
160:. Through public works and writing, Kaija advocated Latvians to donate assets to the "Gold Fund" which became the gold reserve of the country in 1920. Her public service was honored when she was bestowed the
259:, and caused a stir for its controversial depiction of female sexual liberation. She published other articles on themes about civic, political and social issues affecting women in journals such as
645:
317:
Beginning in 1920, Kaija worked in the
Foreign Office of the Republic of Latvia, as a French press commentator and was head of the art and literature department of
810:
830:
820:
214:(Three New Year's Nights) in 1892. After completing high school in 1895, she went on to further her education, studying philosophy and art history at the
840:
190:
251:
and traveled throughout France, Italy and made at least one more trip to
Switzerland before returning to Riga in 1913. That year, she published
790:
835:
825:
745:
721:
698:
613:
180:
to Miķeļis and
Matilde (née Flintman) Millere-Meldere. Her father became a well-to-do business owner and landlord and moved his family to
302:
was not signed until 1920. Simultaneously with independence, women were granted the right to vote. Between 1919 and 1920, she set up the
354:
310:. Kaija called upon women to donate jewelry, silverware, and other tangible assets which were deposited, and after the war became the
687:
Biographical
Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries
728:
Shortly after the proclamation of
Latvian independence in November, 1918…On August 11, 1920, the soviets signed a peace treaty…
795:
805:
660:
247:. She first began to notice her hearing loss around 1911, which would progressively worsen. She wrote editorials for the
164:
in 1926. Though many of her works were destroyed during the Soviet period, they have seen a resurgence in recent years.
185:
800:
92:
815:
243:
Around the same time, Lūkina decided to resume her studies and went to France to take journalism classes at the
349:
161:
184:, where Antonija began her schooling in 1881. After completing elementary school, she went on to study at the
329:(Sphinx), which reiterated the theme of a woman looking for the perfect love. In 1920, she also published
173:
88:
62:
359:
219:
295:
785:
780:
690:
681:
325:(In Bondage) in 1919, which evaluated the institution of marriage and the following year, published
255:(Inherent Sin) and began using the pseudonym Kaija. The book dealt with marital dissatisfaction and
200:
244:
586:
274:, Kaija's husband was called up to serve as a surgeon and the family followed him to posts in the
215:
337:. In March 1921, Lūkins finally returned home, after having spent some time in a sanatorium for
205:
741:
735:
717:
694:
609:
603:
624:
58:
682:"Kaija, Ivande (born Antonija Millere-Meldere, married name Antonija Lukina 1876–1941)"
177:
66:
774:
334:
181:
298:. Latvian independence was declared in November 1918, but the peace treaty with the
704:
338:
311:
299:
271:
294:(Latvian Women’s Association), which was a women’s rights organization seeking
605:
History of the
Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Types and stereotypes
283:
256:
156:
1876–1942), Latvian writer and feminist, who fought for the independence of
30:
755:
342:
287:
227:
199:. During her schooldays at Lomonosov, she developed a friendship with
172:
Antonija
Meldere-Millere was born on 13 October 1876 in Jumpravmuižā,
307:
279:
275:
232:
223:
157:
685:. In de Haan, Francisca; Daskalova, Krasimira; Loutfi, Anna (eds.).
659:(71). Mālpils, Latvia: Mâlpils pagasta padomes: 6–8. Archived from
689:. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. pp.
333:(Amber land), a historical novel about the ancient people of the
737:
Women and States: Norms and Hierarchies in International Society
341:, and the couple took a holiday together. A few months later in
196:
84:
714:
Search for Security: A Study in Baltic Diplomacy, 1920 - 1934
210:, whom she would later marry and published her first novel,
547:
545:
543:
541:
608:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing.
564:
562:
560:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
442:
440:
438:
436:
504:
502:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
267:(The Almanac of the Latvian Educational Association).
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
458:
131:
123:
115:
107:
99:
73:
40:
21:
740:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
680:
716:. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books. p. 8.
631:(in Russian). St. Petersburg, Russia: АДАМАНТ
321:(Latvian Guard). She published another novel
8:
602:Cornis-Pope, Marcel; Neubauer, John (2010).
758:(in Latvian). Riga, Latvia: Nekropole. 2016
29:
18:
568:
508:
493:
265:Latviešu izglītības biedrības gadagrāmata
551:
481:
446:
427:
520:
380:
404:
532:
7:
625:"Рыцарь Духа Феликс Денисович Лукин"
589:(in Latvian). Riga, Latvia: Apeirons
831:20th-century Latvian women writers
821:19th-century Latvian women writers
646:"Kā Putns Ar Aizlauztiem Spārniem"
14:
644:Krilovska, Dace (November 2006).
585:Bicēna, Baiba (13 October 2014).
841:Burials at Forest Cemetery, Riga
811:Latvian women's rights activists
587:"Mūsu likteņbiedre Ivande Kaija"
623:Карклиня, Инга (28 June 2006).
459:Cornis-Pope & Neubauer 2010
348:In 1926, Kaija was awarded the
1:
791:People from Ogre Municipality
119:writer, feminist, nationalist
836:20th-century Latvian writers
826:19th-century Latvian writers
292:Latvijas Sieviešu Asociācija
355:Soviet occupation of Latvia
306:(Gold Fund) to aid the new
186:Lomonosov Women's Gymnasium
857:
93:Reichskommissariat Ostland
712:Rodgers, Hugh I. (1975).
679:Meshkova, Sandra (2006).
28:
350:Order of the Three Stars
162:Order of the Three Stars
154:Antonija Meldere-Millere
45:Antonija Meldere-Millere
263:(Homeland Gazette) and
796:People from Kreis Riga
734:Towns, Ann E. (2010).
174:Governorate of Livonia
89:Generalbezirk Lettland
63:Governorate of Livonia
806:Latvian women writers
220:University of Leipzig
212:Trīs jaungada naktis
148:was the pen name of
314:of the government.
261:Dzimtenes Vēstnesis
218:, Switzerland and
216:University of Bern
801:Latvian feminists
747:978-0-521-76885-6
723:978-0-208-01478-8
700:978-963-7326-39-4
615:978-90-272-3458-2
286:. An epidemic of
249:Collège de France
143:
142:
124:Years active
848:
816:Feminist writers
767:
765:
763:
751:
730:
708:
684:
675:
673:
671:
665:
650:
640:
638:
636:
619:
598:
596:
594:
572:
566:
555:
549:
536:
530:
524:
518:
512:
506:
497:
491:
485:
479:
462:
456:
450:
444:
431:
425:
408:
402:
308:Latvian Republic
253:Iedzimtais grēks
209:
194:
138:Iedzimtais grēks
134:
108:Other names
80:
54:
52:
33:
19:
856:
855:
851:
850:
849:
847:
846:
845:
771:
770:
761:
759:
754:
748:
733:
724:
711:
701:
678:
669:
667:
666:on 3 April 2016
663:
648:
643:
634:
632:
622:
616:
601:
592:
590:
584:
581:
576:
575:
567:
558:
550:
539:
531:
527:
519:
515:
507:
500:
492:
488:
480:
465:
457:
453:
445:
434:
426:
411:
403:
382:
377:
368:
360:Forest Cemetery
241:
203:
188:
170:
150:Antonija Lūkina
132:
111:Antonija Lūkina
95:
82:
78:
69:
56:
55:13 October 1876
50:
48:
47:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
854:
852:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
773:
772:
769:
768:
756:"Ivande Kaija"
752:
746:
731:
722:
709:
699:
676:
655:(in Latvian).
653:Mâlpils VÇSTIS
641:
620:
614:
599:
580:
577:
574:
573:
569:Krilovska 2006
556:
554:, p. 206.
537:
535:, p. 101.
525:
513:
509:Krilovska 2006
498:
494:Nekropole 2016
486:
484:, p. 205.
463:
461:, p. 249.
451:
449:, p. 204.
432:
409:
379:
378:
376:
373:
367:
364:
319:Latvijas Sargs
240:
237:
201:Fēlikss Lūkins
178:Russian Empire
169:
166:
141:
140:
135:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
83:
81:(aged 65)
77:2 January 1942
75:
71:
70:
67:Russian Empire
57:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
16:Latvian author
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
853:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
757:
753:
749:
743:
739:
738:
732:
729:
725:
719:
715:
710:
706:
702:
696:
692:
688:
683:
677:
662:
658:
654:
647:
642:
630:
626:
621:
617:
611:
607:
606:
600:
588:
583:
582:
578:
570:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
552:Meshkova 2006
548:
546:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
526:
522:
517:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
490:
487:
483:
482:Meshkova 2006
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
452:
448:
447:Meshkova 2006
443:
441:
439:
437:
433:
429:
428:Карклиня 2006
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
387:
385:
381:
374:
372:
365:
363:
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
236:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
207:
202:
198:
192:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
136:
130:
126:
122:
118:
116:Occupation(s)
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
760:. Retrieved
736:
727:
713:
705:Project MUSE
703:– via
686:
668:. Retrieved
661:the original
656:
652:
633:. Retrieved
628:
604:
591:. Retrieved
571:, p. 7.
528:
523:, p. 8.
521:Rodgers 1975
516:
511:, p. 6.
489:
454:
369:
347:
339:tuberculosis
330:
326:
322:
318:
316:
312:gold reserve
303:
300:Soviet Union
291:
269:
264:
260:
252:
248:
242:
211:
171:
153:
149:
146:Ivande Kaija
145:
144:
137:
133:Notable work
79:(1942-01-02)
59:Jumpravmuižā
23:Ivande Kaija
786:1942 deaths
781:1876 births
405:Bicēna 2014
331:Dzintarzeme
304:Zelta fondu
272:World War I
204: [
189: [
100:Nationality
775:Categories
579:References
533:Towns 2010
182:Torņakalns
51:1876-10-13
35:circa 1931
629:Lomonosov
375:Citations
362:in Riga.
284:Petrograd
257:free love
168:Biography
127:1982-1931
762:20 March
670:21 March
635:20 March
593:20 March
343:Valmiera
296:suffrage
288:trachoma
245:Sorbonne
228:Aspazija
691:204–206
335:Baltics
327:Sfinksa
270:During
103:Latvian
744:
720:
697:
612:
366:Legacy
280:Moscow
276:Crimea
239:Career
233:Lugano
224:Rainis
158:Latvia
664:(PDF)
649:(PDF)
208:]
193:]
152:(née
764:2016
742:ISBN
718:ISBN
695:ISBN
672:2016
637:2016
610:ISBN
595:2016
323:Jūgā
282:and
226:and
197:Riga
85:Riga
74:Died
41:Born
195:in
777::
726:.
693:.
657:11
651:.
627:.
559:^
540:^
501:^
466:^
435:^
412:^
383:^
278:,
235:.
206:lv
191:lv
176:,
91:,
87:,
65:,
61:,
766:.
750:.
707:.
674:.
639:.
618:.
597:.
496:.
430:.
407:.
53:)
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
