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God"), which is evidence for a
Christian population in late Roman York. Whilst the plaque is clearly Christian, the existence of other grave goods and the alignment of the grave in a north-south (rather than east-west) arrangement strongly suggests that the lady interred was pagan, but had connections with a Christian community rather than herself being a Christian.
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of oxygen and strontium isotopes suggest that she spent her childhood in the west of
Britain or in coastal areas of Western Europe and the Mediterranean. However, a 2009 study found that FORDISC 3.0 "is only likely to be useful when an unidentified specimen is more or less complete and belongs to one
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bangles, a bracelet of blue glass beads, silver and bronze pendants, two yellow-glass earrings. A small, round glass mirror, a dark blue glass flagon, and an openwork, ivory inscription plaque were also included in the grave. The plaque reads SOROR AVE VIVAS IN DEO ("Hail sister, may you live in
222:. In the 1980s, the grave goods were on display as part of an exhibition titled "Roman Life at the Yorkshire Museum". It is currently on display in an exhibition title 'Roman York - Meet the People of the Empire'. The exhibition opened in August 2010 following the refurbishment of the Museum.
237:
Immediately after the publication of this research and its discussion in the press the Ivory Bangle Lady became a focal point of a debate about immigration in the past, with public discussions focusing on her racial identity. Notably, the comments on the online publication of a
113:
of her limb-bone length to be approximately 152–160 cm. Significantly, this research also used FORDISC to identified the Ivory Bangle Lady as having North
African ancestry. This conclusion was reached following craniometric multivariate analyses, including measuring
108:
A 2010 research paper studied the skeletal remains of the Ivory Bangle Lady, which were found within a stone coffin. This research showed that the skeleton is of a young adult female, aged 18–23 years. Her height was calculated using
248:
in 2017 for defending the inclusion of a Black army officer in a BBC cartoon. On 22 October 2020 the
Yorkshire Museum posted a blog post highlighting the biography of the Ivory Bangle Lady for
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of the populations represented in its reference samples", and even in such "favorable circumstances it can be expected to classify no more than 1 per cent of specimens with confidence."
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groups who posted racist and negative comments in response to it. The
Yorkshire Museum issued a statement on social media on 23 October condemning the attacks.
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AD. Her skeleton was found with bracelets, pendants, earrings, beads as well as a glass jug and mirror. She appears to have originally been from
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118:, which suggested a strong affinity with two reference populations of African-American females from the 19th and 20th Centuries.
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on 'Ten black history events that should be taught to every pupil', and was featured as the Museum 'Object of the Week' by the
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article highlighted a backlash from readers. Emily
Hanscam, in a 2019 article, compared this to the criticism aimed at
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100:. A piece of bone inscribed with the words, "Hail, sister may you live in God" was found with her skeleton.
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The biography of the Ivory Bangle Lady has been featured in several books and articles. She is featured in
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in 1901. She was a high-status adult female, potentially of North
African descent, who died in York in the
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In 2012, the Ivory Bangle Lady was the focus of a pilot project by
Heritage Sandbox which used
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An
Inventory of the Historical Monuments in City of York, Volume 1, Eburacum, Roman York
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in June 2020. The Ivory Bangle Lady was mentioned as a case study in a speech in the
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691:"Postnationalism and the Past: The Politics of Theory in Roman Archaeology"
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on '7 Remarkable black women who shaped
British history', an article by
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524:"Fordisc and the determination of ancestry from cranial measurements"
491:"A Lady of York: migration, ethnicity and identity in Roman Britain"
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on 8 September 2020 on the presence of black history in the current
340:. Royal Commission on Historic Monuments England. pp. 67–110.
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The skeleton of a woman from Roman York, dating to the 4th century
425:"African origin of Roman York's rich lady with the ivory bangle"
89:
56:
809:"Ten black history events that should be taught to every pupil"
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Alt History: Black British History We're Not Taught in Schools
273:
Alt History: Black British History We're Not Taught in Schools
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724:"Regarding the negative comments about this blog on Facebook"
267:, as well a short film hosted by Olusoga and produced by the
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The skeleton and grave goods are on display together in the
573:
Evidence for Christianity in Roman Britain: The Small Finds
613:"Evidence of 'upper class' Africans Living in Roman York"
661:"Mystery lady who began tweeting from beyond the grave"
575:. BAR British Series 243. Tempus Reparatum. p. 86.
869:. United Kingdom: House of Commons. col. 585–586.
352:"Roman era York may have been more diverse than today"
786:"7 Remarkable Black Women Who Shaped British History"
838:"OBJECT OF THE WEEK: Roman York's Ivory Bangle Lady"
522:Elliott, Marina; Collard, Mark (11 November 2009).
461:"Ivory Bangle Lady - Roman York - Yorkshire Museum"
131:The Ivory Bangle Lady was buried wearing ivory and
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46:
36:
28:
23:
489:; Chenery, C.; Müldner, G.; Lewis, M. (2010).
8:
637:Knüsel, Christopher; Leach, Stephany Leach.
399:"Our Migration Story: The Making of Britain"
229:to augment the exhibition with new content.
275:. She was featured in an online article by
750:. BBC. 25 June 2019. Event occurs at 4:50
20:
888:, by David Olusoga, discussing the grave.
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886:Black and British: A Forgotten History
771:Black and British: A Forgotten History
265:Black and British: A Forgotten History
859:Theresa Villiers (8 September 2020).
695:Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal
7:
722:@YorkshireMuseum (23 October 2020).
861:"History Curriculum: Black History"
377:"Roman remains are 'elite' African"
945:Collection of the Yorkshire Museum
807:Campbell, Lucy (11 October 2020).
588:Roman Life at the Yorkshire Museum
423:Kennedy, Maev (26 February 2010).
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784:Mohammed, Sagal (15 June 2020).
590:. Yorkshire Museum. p. 24.
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866:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
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403:www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk
214:Public display and reception
611:Wuyts, Ann (2 March 2010).
88:found in Sycamore Terrace,
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960:Burials in North Yorkshire
465:www.yorkshiremuseum.org.uk
965:Ancient Romans in Britain
508:10.1017/S0003598X00099816
975:Women of African descent
769:Olusoga, David (2017).
689:Hanscam, Emily (2019).
639:"The Ivory Bangle Lady"
252:; this was targeted by
32:late 3rd-4th century AD
540:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0462
208:Inscribed bone plaque
586:Hartley, E. (1985).
116:Mahalanobis distance
907: /
667:. 28 September 2012
250:Black History Month
111:regression analysis
955:4th-century people
911:53.9626°N 1.0933°W
379:. 26 February 2010
295:history curriculum
950:4th-century women
708:10.16995/traj.370
641:. HeritageSandbox
82:Ivory Bangle Lady
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148:Blue glass flask
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104:Skeletal remains
72:Yorkshire Museum
67:Present location
53:Sycamore Terrace
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840:. York Press
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160:Glass mirror
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487:Eckardt, H.
485:Leach, S.;
172:Glass beads
127:Grave goods
94:4th century
929:Categories
899:53°57′45″N
844:23 October
818:23 October
792:23 October
754:23 October
597:0905807022
317:References
287:York Press
246:Mary Beard
241:Daily Mail
47:Discovered
902:1°05′36″W
495:Antiquity
437:0261-3077
334:"Burials"
271:, titled
254:alt-right
233:Reception
671:17 April
645:17 April
622:17 April
558:19586965
470:26 March
442:26 March
408:26 March
383:26 March
361:26 March
356:phys.org
305:See also
184:Earrings
86:skeleton
788:. Vogue
732:Twitter
549:2827999
227:Twitter
29:Created
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74:, York
970:Ivory
728:Tweet
277:Vogue
84:is a
41:Roman
846:2020
820:2020
794:2020
756:2020
673:2019
647:2019
624:2019
592:ISBN
554:PMID
472:2019
444:2019
433:ISSN
410:2019
385:2019
363:2019
90:York
80:The
57:York
50:1901
703:doi
544:PMC
536:doi
503:doi
297:by
269:BBC
133:jet
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
