IBM 3270 - Knowledge (XXG)

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TCP/IP servers using Telnet, and at the same time in another screen to communicate with the mainframe using native 3270. TN3270 support where the 3174 could connect to a TN3270 host/gateway, eliminating SNA, but preserving the 3270 data stream. IP forwarding allowing bridging of LAN (Token-Ring or Ethernet) connected devices downstream to the 3174 to route IP traffic onto the Frame Relay WAN interface.

1594: 132: 765: 1319:, numbers, etc. hardwired into the terminal. The 3279G supports six additional sets of symbols each supporting 190 symbols, resulting in a total of 1.140 programmable symbols. Three of the Programmable Symbols sets have three planes each enabling coloring (red, blue, green) the Programmable Symbols downloaded to those sets, thereby supporting a total of seven colors. 1035: 1512:

terminal or printer. Up to three additional adapters, each supporting two coax devices, could be installed. The 3276 could connect to a non-SNA or SNA host using BSC or SDLC with line speed of up to 9,600 bit/s. The 3276 looked very much like the 3278 terminal, and the terminal feature of the 3276 itself, was more or less identical to those of the 3278.

1012:(SNA) protocol these terminals were logical unit type 2 (LU2). The basic models 2A and 3A used red, green for input fields, and blue and white for output fields. However, the models 2B and 3B supported seven colors, and when equipped with the optional Programmed Symbol Set feature had a loadable character set that could be used to show graphics. 3520:(WCC) optionally followed by a buffer containing orders or data (or both). The WCC controls the operation of the device. Bits may start printer operation and specify a print format. Other bit settings will sound the audible alarm if installed, unlock the keyboard to allow operator entry, or reset all the Modified Data Tags in the device buffer. 583:

controller into '3270 Character Set', and keyboard scan-codes from the terminal, read by the controller through a poll, is translated by the controller into EBCDIC. For DFT (Distributed Function Terminal) type displays, most of the 3270 data stream is forwarded to the display by the controller. The display interprets the 3270 protocol itself.

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compatible with the 3270 data stream terminated in the unit, but not as 'Plug compatibility' equipment, also were compatible at the coax level thereby allowing IBM terminals to be connected to a 3rd party controller or vice versa. Modern applications are sometimes built upon legacy 3270 applications, using software utilities to capture (

1577:, and others, targeted the PC market, 3270 customers got an alternative to IBM 3270 printers by connecting this type of printers through printer protocol converters from manufactures like I-data, MPI Tech, Adacom, and others. The printer protocol converters basically emulate a 3287 type printer, and later extended to support IPDS. 3771:: "Base color (four colors) can be produced on color displays and color printers from current 3270 application programs by use of combinations of the field intensify and field protection attribute bits. For more information on color, refer to IBM 3270 Information System: Color and Programmed Symbols, GA33-3056." 4849:

The IBM 3179 Color Graphics Display Station Models G1 and G2 and the IBM 3979 Expansion Unit are the latest members of the IBM 3270 Information Display System graphics family of products. The 3179 G models are new, attractively priced, eight-color, 1,920- or 2,560-character, 14-inch CRTs with bright,

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IBM announces the 3179 Color Display Station, a new, low price, color display member of the IBM 3270 Information Display System. The 3179 is a compact, 7-color, 1920-character, 14-inch CRT with bright, clear colors and a smudge-free screen surface. It features a new, modifiable keyboard, and function

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coax connector by changing the BNC connector to DPC – Dual Purpose Connector. The DPC female connector was a few millimeters longer and with a built-in switch that detected if a normal BNC connector were connected or a newer DPC connector was connected, thereby changing the physical layer from 93 ohm

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The second later implementation provided All Points Addressable (APA) graphics, a.k.a. Vector Graphics, allowing more efficient graphics than the older technique. The first terminal to support APA / Vector graphics was the 3179G terminal that later was replaced by first the 3192G and later the 3472G.

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The 3174 was designed to enhance the 3270 product line with many new connectivity options and features. Like the 3274, it was customizable, the main difference was that it used smaller (5.25-inch) diskettes than the 3274 (8-inch diskettes), and that the larger floor models had 10 slots for adapters,

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3274 models included 8, 12, 16, and 32 port remote controllers and 32-port local channel attached units. In total 16 different models were over time released to the market. The 3274-1A was an SNA physical Unit type 2.0 (PU2.0), required only a single address on the channel for all 32 devices and was

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The IBM 3193 Display Station is a high-resolution, portrait-type, monochrome, 380mm (15 inch) CRT image display providing up to letter or A4 size document display capabilities in addition to alphanumeric data. Compressed images can be sent to the 3193 from a scanner and decompression is performed in

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The 3180 was a monochrome display, introduced on March 20, 1984, that the user could configure for several different basic and extended display modes; all of the basic modes have a primary screen size of 24x80. Modes 2 and 2+ have a secondary size of 24x80, 3 and 3+ have a secondary size of 32x80, 4

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In addition to passing the 3270 data stream directly to the terminal, allowing for features like EAB — Extended Attributes, Graphics, etc., DFT also enabled multi sessions (up to 5 simultaneous), featured in the 3290 and 3194 multisession displays. This feature was also widely used in 2nd generation

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Data sent to the 3270 consist of commands, a Copy Control Character (CCC) or Write Control Character (WCC) if appropriate, a device address for copy, orders, character data and structured fields. Commands instruct the 3270 control unit to perform some action on a specified device, such as a read or

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In 1990–1991, a total of 7 more models were added: 21R, 21L, 12L, 22L, 22R, 23R, and 90R. The 12L offered ESCON fibreoptic channel attachment. The models with 2xx designation were equal to the 1xx models but repacked for rackmount and offered only 4 adapter slots. The 90R was not intended as a coax

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3179-G terminals combine text and graphics as separate layers on the screen. Although the text and graphics appear combined on the screen, the text layer actually sits over the graphics layer. The text layer contains the usual 3270-style cells which display characters (letters, numbers, symbols, or

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In a data stream, both text and control (or formatting functions) are interspersed allowing an entire screen to be painted as a single output operation. The concept of formatting in these devices allows the screen to be divided into fields (clusters of contiguous character cells) for which numerous

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On the 3275 and 3277 terminals without the a text feature, lower case characters display as uppercase. NL, EM, DUP, and FM control characters display and print as 5, 9, *, and ; characters, respectively, except by the printer when WCC or CCC bits 2 and 3 = '00'b, in which case NL and EM serve

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The 01L were local channel attached, the R models remotely connected, and the x3R Token Ring (upstream) connected. The 0xL/R models were floor units supporting up to 32 coax devices through the use of internal or external multiplexers (TMA/3299). The 5xR, models were shelf units with 9 coax ports,

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Enabling backward compatibility, it was possible to install coax boards, so-called 'panels', in groups of 4 or 8 supporting the now older Category B coax devices. A maximum of 16 Category B terminals could be supported, and only 8 if the controller were fully loaded with a maximum of 4 panels each

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3276 remote display with controller function. IBM 3276, announced in 1981, was a combined remote controller and display terminal, offering support for up to 8 displays, the 3276 itself included. By default, the 3276 had two type A coax ports, one for its own display, and one free for an additional

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With the advent of the graphic terminal 3179G, the APL character set was expandable to 138 characters, called APL2. The added characters were: Diamond, Quad Null, Iota Underbar, Epsilon Underbar, Left Tack, Right Tack, Equal Underbar, Squished Quad, Quad Slope, and Dieresis Dot. Later APL2 symbols

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keyboard, allowing the operator/programmer to enter APL symbolic instructions directly into the editor. In order to display APL symbols on the terminal, it had to be equipped with an APL character set in addition to the normal 3270-character set. The APL character set is addressed with a preceding

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sends the vector definitions to the 3179-G, and the work of activating the pixels that represent the picture (the vector-to-raster conversion) is done in the terminal itself. The datastream is related to the number of graphics primitives (lines, arcs, and so on) in the picture. Arcs are split into

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field attributes, e.g., color, highlighting, character set, protection from modification, can be set. A field attribute occupies a physical location on the screen that also determines the beginning and end of a field. There are also character attributes associated with individual screen locations.

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Data Description D3 WCC 11 5C F0 SBA Row 24 Column 1 1D F0 SF/Attribute 6E 40 '> ' 1D 40 SF/Attribute SBA is not required here since this is being written at the current buffer position 13 IC — cursor displays at current

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The following data stream writes an attribute in row 24, column 1, writes the (protected) characters '> ' in row 24, columns 2 and 3, and creates an unprotected field on row 24 from columns 5-79. Because the buffer wraps around an attribute is placed on row 24, column 80 to terminate the input

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The 3274 controllers introduced a new generation of the coax protocol, named Category A, to differentiate them from the Category B coax devices, such as the 3277 terminal and the 3284 printer. The first Category A coax devices were the 3278 and the first color terminal, the IBM 3279 Color Display

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If one for example wishes to draw a hyperbola on the screen, the application must first compute the required Programmable Symbols to make up hyperbola and load them to the terminal. The next step is then for the application to paint the screen by addressing the screen cell position and select the

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Addresses are encoded within orders in two bytes. For twelve bit addresses the high order two bits of each byte are set to form valid EBCDIC (or ASCII) characters. For example, address 0 is coded as X'4040', or space-space, address 1919 is coded as X'5D7F', or '"'. Programmers hand-coding panels

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3270 displays and printers have a buffer containing one byte for every screen position. For example, a 3277 model 2 featured a screen size of 24 rows of 80 columns for a buffer size of 1920 bytes. Bytes are addressed from zero to the screen size minus one, in this example 1919. "There is a fixed

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The subsequent releases 2 to 6 of Configuration Support C enables support for: Split screen, Copy from session to session, Calculator function, Access to AS/400 host and 5250 keyboard emulation, Numerous APPN enhancements, TCP/IP Telnet support that allowed 3270 CUT terminals to communicate with

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Configuration Support A was the first microcode offered with the 3174. It supported all the hardware modules present at the time, almost all the microcode features found in 3274 and introduced a number of new features including: Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS), Multiple Logical Terminals,

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The IBM 3472G announced in 1989 was the successor to 3192G and featured five concurrent sessions, one of which could be graphics. Unlike the 3192-G, it needed no expansion unit to attach a mouse or color plotter, and it could also attach a tablet device for digitised input and a bar code reader.

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The 3270 series was designed to connect with mainframe computers, often at a remote location, using the technology then available in the early 1970s. The main goal of the system was to maximize the number of terminals that could be used on a single mainframe. To do this, the 3270 was designed to

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series to have a similar block-mode capability that would transmit a screen at a time, with some form validation capability. The industry distinguished between 'System compatible controllers' and 'Plug compatibility controllers', where 'System compatibility' meant that the 3rd party system was

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to mainframes with 3279 screens did not meet with success because its programmers were not able to properly adapt the spreadsheet's user interface to a screen at a time rather than character at a time device. But end-user responsiveness was arguably more predictable with 3270, something users

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The floor models, and the rack-mountable units, could be expanded with a range of special 3174 adapters, that by 1993 included: Channel adapter, ESCON adapter, Serial (V.24/V.35) adapter, Concurrent Communication Adapter, Coax adapter, Fiber optic "coax" adapter, Async adapter, ISDN adapter,

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There are two types of 3270 displays in respect to where the 3270 data stream terminates. For CUT (Control Unit Terminal) displays, the stream terminates in the display controller, the controller instructs the display to move the cursor, position a character, etc. EBCDIC is translated by the

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IBM 3270 devices are connected to a 3299 multiplexer or to the cluster controller, e.g., 3271, 3272, 3274, 3174, using RG-62, 93 ohm, coax cables in a point to point configuration with one dedicated cable per terminal. Data is sent with a bit rate of 2.3587 Mbit/s using a slightly modified

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The line of controllers came with Configuration Support C to support ISDN, APPN and Peer Communication. The ISDN feature allowed downstream devices, typically PC's, to connect to the 3174 via the ISDN network. The APPN support enabled the 3174 to be a part of an APPN network, and the Peer

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IBM had two different implementations for supporting graphics. The first was implemented in the optional Programmed Symbol Sets (PSS) of the 3278, 3279 and 3287, which became a standard feature on the later 3279-S3G, a.k.a. 3279G, and was based on piecing together graphics with on-the-fly

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With the introduction of the 3174 controller internal or external multiplexers (3299) became mainstream as the 3174-1L controller was equipped with four multiplexed ports each supporting eight devices. The internal 3174 multiplexer card was named TMA – Terminal Multiplexer adapter 9176.

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In some instances, the multiplexer worked as an "expansion" unit on smaller remote controllers including the 3174-81R / 91R, where the 3299 expanded the number of coax ports from four to eight, or the 3174-51R / 61R, where the 3299 expanded the number of coax ports from eight to 16.

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Using a technique known as read modified, a single transmission back to the mainframe can contain the changes from any number of formatted fields that have been modified, but without sending any unmodified fields or static data. This technique enhances the terminal throughput of the

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IBM offered a device called 3299 that acted as a multiplexer between an accordingly configured 3274 controller, with the 9901 multiplexer feature, and up to eight displays/printers, thereby reducing the number of coax cables between the 3x74 controller and the displays/printers.

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and 4+ have a secondary size of 43x80 and 5 and 5+ have a secondary size of 27x132. An application can override the primary and alternate screen sizes for the extended mode. The 3180 also supported a single explicit partition that could be reconfigured under application control.

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short vectors, that are sent to the 3179-G to be drawn. The 3179-G does not store graphic data, and so cannot offload any manipulation function from GDDM. In particular, with user control, each new viewing operation means that the data has to be regenerated and retransmitted.

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relationship between each ... buffer storage location and its position on the display screen." Most orders start operation at the "current" buffer address, and executing an order or writing data will update this address. The buffer address can be set directly using the

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The new line of controllers came with Configuration Support B release 1, increased the number of supported DSPU on the Token-Ring gateway to 250 units, and introduced at the same time 'Group Polling' that offloaded the mainframe/VTAM polling requirement on the channel.

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had twelve PF keys and two PA keys. Later 3270s had an Attention key, a Cursor Select key, a System Request key, twenty-four PF keys and three PA keys. There was also a TEST REQ key. When one of these keys is pressed, it will cause its control unit to generate an I/O

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network or non-SNA network. If the controllers are SNA connected, they appear to SNA as PU – Physical Unit type 2.0 (PU2.1 for APPN) nodes typically with LU – Logical Unit type 1, 2, and 3 devices connected. Local, channel attached, controllers are controlled by

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The 3270 displays are available with a variety of keyboards and character sets. The following table shows the 3275/3277/3284–3286 character set for US English EBCDIC (optional characters were available for US ASCII, and UK, French, German, and Italian EBCDIC).

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clear colors and a smudge-resistant screen surface. Graphics capabilities are significantly enhanced by the provision of an all-points-addressable (APA) screen and the ability to natively attach the IBM Color Jetprinter (3852 Model 2) for local screen copy.

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IBM 3279-S3G, a.k.a. 3279G, terminal, announced in 1979, was IBM's graphics replacement for the 3279-3B with PSS. The terminal supported 7 colors and the graphics were made up of Programmable Symbol sets loaded to the terminal by the graphical application

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The modified data tag is well suited to converting formatted, structured punched card input onto the 3270 display device. With the appropriate programming, any batch program that uses formatted, structured card input can be layered onto a 3270 terminal.

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Bit 7 is the "Modified Data Tag", where '0' indicates that the associated field has not been modified by the operator and '1' indicates that it has been modified. As noted above, this bit can be set programmatically to cause the field to be treated as

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Each 'character' cell consists of a 9x12 or a 9x16 dot matrix depending on the screen model. In order to program a cell with a symbol 18 bytes of data is needed making the data load quite heavy in some instances when compared to classic text screens.

3757:'11'B indicates that the field is non-display, non-printable, and not pen detectable. This last can be used in conjunction with the modified data tag to imbed static data on the screen that will be read each time data was read from the device. 307:

Device Independent Display Operator Console Support (DIDOCS) in Multiple Console Support (MCS) for OS/360 and successors supports 3270 devices and, in fact, MCS in current versions of MVS no longer supports line mode, 2250 and 2260 devices.

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documents, using bidirectional communications between the application and the printer. IPDS support among others printing of text, fonts, images, graphics, and barcodes. The IBM 4224 is one of the IPDS capable dot matrix printers.

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On a local non-SNA controller, the command is a CCW opcode rather than the first byte of the outbound display stream; on all other controllers, the command is the first byte of the display stream, exclusive of protocol headers.

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unit announced March 8, 1983, capable of displaying in various modes, including four independent 3278 model 2 terminals, or a single 160×62 terminal; it also supports partitioning. The 3290 supports graphics through the use of

209:, and minimizes the data transmitted. Some users familiar with character interrupt-driven terminal interfaces find this technique unusual. There is also a read buffer capability that transfers the entire content of the 3270- 494:

that plugged into a PC and connected to the controller through a coaxial cable. 3270 simulators for IRMA and similar adapters typically provide file transfers between the PC and the mainframe using the same protocol as the

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In 1989, IBM introduced a new range of 3174 models and changed the name from 3174 Subsystem Control Unit to 3174 Establishment Controller. The main new feature was support for an additional 32 coax port in floor models.

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is used to paint each pixel in one of sixteen colors. As well as being separate layers on the screen, the text and graphics layers are sent to the display in separate data streams, making them completely independent.

189:. Cable runs of up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) are supported, although IBM documents routinely stated the maximum supported coax cable length was 2,000 ft (610 m). Originally devices were equipped with 1734:

some of them were per default occupied by channel adapter/serial interface, coax adapter, etc. Unlike the 3274, any local models could be configured as either local SNA or local non-SNA, including PU2.1 (APPN).

245:(AID) identifying which key was pressed. Application program functions such as termination, page-up, page-down, or help can be invoked by a single key press, thereby reducing the load on very busy processors. 1179:

GTE manufactured the IS/7800 Video Display System, nominally compatible with IBM 3277 displays attached to a 3271 or 3272. An incompatibility with the RA buffer order broke the logon screen in VM/SE (SEPP).

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mainframe computer terminal providing 80×24 or 80×32 characters, 16 colors, plus graphics and is the first terminal to support the APA graphics apart from the 3270 PC/G, 3270 PC/GX, PC AT/G and PC AT/GX.

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Stores the character in byte 4 in all buffer locations starting at the current buffer position up to but not including the specified address and sets the current buffer position to the specified address

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in order for the hardware to be useful outside of the manufacturer. MTS was the default OS at Michigan for many years, and was still used at Michigan well into the 1990s. Many manufacturers, such as

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Bit 3 is zero to indicate that this field, if unprotected, could accept alphanumeric input. One indicates that only numeric input is accepted, and automatically shifts to numeric for some keyboards.

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successor to 3179G. It featured 16 colors, and support for printers (i.e., IBM Proprinter) for local hardcopy with graphical support, or system printer, text only, implemented as an additional LU.

4934:"Object: 11000554 IBM 3179G, producer: IBM, serial number: 55-N1186, dating: 1985-11-01–1985-11-30, received: 2009-11-18, Description: IBM 3179 — Display station (color or graphics) for IBM 3270" 1585:

In the later versions of 3174 the Asynchronous Emulation Adapter (AEA), supporting async RS-232 character-based type terminals, was enhanced to support printers equipped with a serial interface.

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The 3279G could be ordered with Attribute Select Keyboard enabling the operator to select attributes, colors and Programmable Symbols sets, making that version of the terminal quite distinctive.

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usually keep the table of addresses from the 3270 Component Description or the 3270 Reference Card handy. For fourteen and sixteen-bit address, the address uses contiguous bits in two bytes.

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write. Orders are sent as part of the data stream to control the format of the device buffer. Structured fields are to convey additional control functions and data to or from the terminal.

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operating system provided support for 3270 terminals and applications, including a full-screen text editor, a menu system, and a PANEL facility to create 3270 full-screen applications.

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including field attributes. This is mainly used for debugging purposes to preserve the application program screen contents while replacing it, temporarily, with debugging information.

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Configuration Support S, strangely following release A, introduced that a local or remote controller could act as 3270 Token-Ring DSPU Gateway, supporting up to 80 Downstream PU's.

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controller, it was positioned as a Token Ring 3270 DSPU gateway. However, it did have one coax port for configuring the unit, which with a 3299 multiplexer could be expanded to 8.

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field. This data stream would normally be written using an Erase/Write command which would set undefined positions on the screen to '00'x. Values are given in hexadecimal.

193:, which later was replaced with special so-called DPC – Dual Purpose Connectors supporting the IBM Shielded twisted pair cabling system without the need for so-called red 116:

minimize the amount of data transmitted, and minimize the frequency of interrupts to the mainframe. By ensuring the CPU is not interrupted at every keystroke, a 1970s-era

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The IBM 3191 Display Station is an economical monochrome CRT. Models A and B are 1920 characters 12-inch CRTs. Models D, E and L are 1920 or 2560 character 14-inch CRTs.

5601: 1657:, Token Ring or Ethernet in addition to co-ax; and TN3270. They also support attachment of asynchronous ASCII terminals, printers, and plotters alongside 3270 devices. 1741:

expandable to 16, by the connection of a 3299 multiplexer. The smallest desktop units, 8xR, had 4 coax ports expandable to 8, by the connection of a 3299 multiplexer.

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The 3179G is a distributed function terminal (DFT) and requires a downstream load (DSL) to load its microcode from the cluster controller's floppy disk or hard drive.

574:. Later, the 3270 PC/G (graphics), 3270 PC/GX (extended graphics), 3270 Personal Computer AT, 3270 PC AT/G (graphics) and 3270 PC AT/GX (extended graphics) followed. 4636: 1971:, Brazil as far as late 1980s, having its internals redesigned by a local engineering team using modern CMOS technology, while retaining its external look and feel. 5851: 1770:

Configuration Support B release 2 to 5, enabled features like: Local Format Storage (CICS Screen Buffer), Type Ahead, Null/Space Processing, ESCON channel support.

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and successor systems. IBM and third-party software that included an interactive component took for granted the presence of 3270 terminals and provided a set of

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equivalent to that provided by both the IBM 3279 Models S2A and S2B....First customer shipment for the 3179 is planned for March 1984. ...Purchase...$ 2,295...

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One of the first groups to write and provide operating system support for the 3270 and its early predecessors was the University of Michigan, who created the

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Pansopic Systems, Inc has announced that Gener/O1, its online program development system for IBM's CICS, now supports IBM's 3179 Model G graphics terminal...

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The following table includes datastream commands and CCW opcodes for local non-SNA controllers; it does not include CCW opcodes for local SNA controllers.

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The 3290 is a Distributed Function Terminal (DFT) and requires that the controller do a downstream load (DSL) of microcode from floppy or hard disk.

3835:. For a device with a 1920 character display a twelve bit address is sufficient. Later 3270s with larger screen sizes use fourteen or sixteen bits. 403: 1749:

unbalanced coax, to 150 ohm balanced twisted-pair, thereby directly supporting the IBM Cabling system without the need for a so-called red balun.

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The IBM 3482 terminal, announced in 1992, offered a printer port, which could be used for host addressable printing as well as local screen copy.

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Most 3270 terminals newer than the 3275, 3277, 3284 and 3286 support an extended data stream (EDS) that allows many new capabilities, including:

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A number of vendors manufactured 3270 multiplexers before and alongside IBM including Fibronics and Adacom offering multiplexers that supported

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manufactured a special version of their model 270 terminal that was compatible with IBM 3270 and its associated coax port to connect to a 3x74.

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Communication allowed coax attached PC's with 'Peer Communication Support' to access resources on the Token-Ring network attached to the 3174.

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An alternative implementation of an establishment controller exists in form of OEC (Open Establishment Controller). It's a combination of an

4308: 1638:, sometimes followed by a release number, to designate a list of features together with the hardware and microcode needed to support them. 4497: 5538: 5522: 5506: 5487: 5471: 4467: 813:

Extended Highlighting: ability to set highlighting attributes on individual characters as well as on fields. For the 3278 that includes:

147:(the 3275 and 3276 included an integrated control unit). Originally devices were connected to the control unit over coaxial cable; later 5614: 1554: 515:

The IBM 3270 display terminal subsystem consists of displays, printers and controllers. Optional features for the 3275 and 3277 are the

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controller, it initiates a Read Modied or Short AID data transfer. For BSC controllers it causes a positive response to the next poll.

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was available and will lock the keyboard if the operator attempts to enter non-numeric data into a field defined as numeric. Later an

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office productivity software enjoyed great success with 3270 interaction because of its design understanding. And for many years the

5034: 4414: 1617: 4898:...The firm also introduced an option that supports attachment of IBM's 3179G Graphic Display Station to a series 274 controller... 3791:

to add support for seven colors, blinking, reverse video, underscoring, field outlining, field validation, and programmed symbols.

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was IBM's first color terminal. IBM initially announced four models, and later added a fifth model for use as a processor console.

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not compatible with the 3272. The 3274-1B and 3274-1D were compatible with the 3272 and were referred to as local non-SNA models.

5831: 5627: 5087: 5023:, Ch. 1. Introducing the 3174 Establishment Controller - Figure 1-1 Overview of the IBM 3174 Establishment Controller Attachment. 2260: 186: 5251: 5235: 1668:

Where the features of the 3271–2 was hardcoded, the 3274 was controlled by its microcode that was read from the 3274's built-in

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clients cannot be used as a substitute for tn3270 clients, as they use fundamentally different techniques for exchanging data.

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Fills all unprotected fields with nulls starting at the current buffer position up to but not including the specified address

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In 1993, three new models were added with the announcement of Ethernet Adapter (FC 3045). The models were: 14R, 24R, and 64R.

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The MLT — Multiple Logical Terminals feature of the 3174 controller also enabled multiple sessions from a CUT type terminal.

4770: 2236: 1959:, UK, laboratory. The subsystem products were manufactured in Kingston (displays and controllers), Endicott (printers), and 1886:

Memorex had two controllers for its 3277-compatible 1377; the 1371 for remote connection and the 1372 for local connection.

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Model L provides a green monochrome 15 inch CRT with 80x24, 80x32, 80x44 or 132x27 characters with a selector pen capability

5575: 1963:, Scotland, UK, (most products) and shipped to users in U.S. and worldwide. 3278 terminals continued to be manufactured in 1795:

In 1994, IBM incorporated the functions of RPQ 8Q0935 into Configuration Support-C release 3, including the TN3270 client.

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protocol and the software that emulates a 3270 class terminal that communicates using that process. tn3270 allows a 3270

1004:. Terminals could be connected to a 3274 controller, either channel connected to an IBM mainframe or linked via an SDLC ( 5826: 5094: 4679: 4012: 3807:

and later models allowed attributes on individual characters in a field to override the corresponding field attributes.

1009: 398: 346:(CICS) has support for 3270 panels. Indeed, from the early 1970s on, CICS applications were often written for the 3270. 5640: 1996: 1216: 78: 1188:

Harris manufactured the 8000 Series Terminal Systems, compatible with IBM 3277 displays attached to a 3271 or 3272.

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text editor) to assign any font (including the programmable fonts), colour, etc. to any character on the screen.

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IBM no longer manufactures 3270 terminals, but the IBM 3270 protocol is still commonly used via TN3270 clients,

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IBM 3179G graphics coordinates divide the Reflection window into 384 vertical units and 720 horizontal units.

4887: 4863: 3505:

For remote 3270s non-significant bits are set so that the command forms a valid EBCDIC (or ASCII) character.

2267: 2198: 2150: 2100: 2093: 1992: 552: 206: 177: 52: 4197: 4070:

Although the 3290 supports up to 16 explicit partitions, the ISPF SPLIT and SPLITV commands only support 4.

1123:

the 3193. Image data compression is a technique to save transmission time and reduce storage requirements.

4911: 4183: 1000:

terminal before PCs became commonly used for the purpose. It was part of the 3270 series, using the 3270

2157: 2107: 507: 337: 326: 297: 283: 71:

display terminal. Due to the text color on the original models, these terminals are informally known as

31: 2335: 1753:

Country Extended Code Page (CECP), Response Time Monitor, and Token Ring configured as host interface.

5187: 1641:

By 1994 the 3174 Establishment Controller supported features such as attachment to multiple hosts via

252:-like behavior, responding to individual keystrokes, was not possible. For the same reason, a port of 5769: 5741: 5713: 5685: 4602: 4002:

Pressing Cursoe Select has the same effect as clicking a Selector Pen at the current cursor location.

3946: 3716:

The original 3277 and 3275 displays used an 8-bit field attribute byte of which five bits were used.

2352: 532: 467: 1104:

Model F provides a 7-color high-resolution 14 inch CRT with 80x24, 80x32, 80x44 or 132x27 characters

265:

Following its introduction the 3270 and compatibles were by far the most commonly used terminals on

2564: 2172: 1952: 1024: 407: 293: 1874:

system. OEC allows to connect a 3270 display to IBM mainframes via TN3270 or to other systems via

4741: 3811: 2218: 2117: 1944: 1936: 1669: 73: 2227: 3528:

Orders consist of the order code byte followed by zero to three bytes of variable information.

300:

has line mode command line support and also has facilities for full screen applications, e.g.,

4475: 4410: 3720:

Bits 0 and 1 are set so that the attribute will always be a valid EBCDIC (or ASCII) character.

2529: 2463: 2284: 1988: 1521: 795: 571: 56: 2210: 1101:

Model D provides a green monochrome 15 inch CRT with 80x24, 80x32, 80x44 or 132x27 characters

969:

In extended color mode the color field and character attributes determine the color as one of

103:

or web interfaces to access mainframe-based applications, which are sometimes referred to as

5759: 5731: 5703: 5675: 5061: 4915: 2405: 2304: 1808:

The GTE IS/7800 Video Display Systems used one of two nominally IBM compatible controllers:

1113:

Model W provides a black and while 15 inch CRT with 80x24, 80x32, 80x44 or 132x27 characters

350: 249: 4984:

2. Native Vector Graphics — introduced with the 3179G and also used by the 3192G and 3472G.

4562: 39: 5113: 4505:(Seventh ed.), International Business Machines Corporation, October 1974, GC20-1810-6 2365: 1947:, laboratory. As the subsystem expanded, the 3276 display-controller was developed by the 1444: 455: 443: 131: 5043: 3852:

position: Row 24, column 5 11 5D 7F SBA Row 24 Column 80 1D F0 SF/Attribute

3581:

Indicates the start of a field at the current buffer position and provides its attribute

1730:

IBM introduced the 3174 Subsystem Control Unit in 1986, replacing the 3274 product line.

5655:

IBM 3270 Information Display System 3274 Control Unit Description and Programmer's Guide

4588: 3640:

Advances the current buffer address to the first position of the next unprotected field

3516:

The data sent by Write or Erase/Write consists of the command code itself followed by a

1275:

introduced the Dataspeed 40 terminal/controller, compatible with the IBM 3275, in 1980.

2400: 2086: 1964: 1940: 1566: 1508:

3275 remote display with controller function (no additional displays up to one printer)

1296: 1191:

Harris later manufactured the 9100–9200 Information Processing Systems, which included

1142:

Model D provides a 15-inch monochrome CRT with 80x24, 80x31, 80x44 or 132x27 characters

1044: 543:

Generally, 3277 models allow only upper-case input, except for the mixed EBCDIC/APL or

491: 386: 382: 266: 4919: 4841:"IBM 3179 Color Graphics Display Station Models G1 and G2 and IBM 3979 Expansion Unit" 3864: 1665:

IBM introduced the 3274 controller family in 1977, replacing the 3271–2 product line.

375:

calendar was the most commonly displayed screen on office terminals around the world.

5815: 4956: 4892: 4263: 3940: 3927: 1863: 1745: 1131:

The IBM 3194 is a Display Station that features a 1.44 MB 3.5" floppy drive and

997: 895:

In base color mode the protection and intensity field attributes determine the color:

830:

Programmed Symbols {PS): programmable characters; able to display monochrome graphics

588: 480: 210: 190: 135:

Sample IBM 3270 cluster with one control unit connected to a printer and two displays

100: 93: 64: 4312: prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the 1999:

network. Telnet 3270 can be used for either terminal or print connections. Standard

1889:

Later Memorex offered a series of controllers compatible with the IBM 3274 and 3174

1435:

The G10 model is a standard 122-key typewriter keyboard, while the G20 model offers

4933: 3214:

Erase device buffer, set alternate size, then write WCC folloed by orders and data

2483: 2415: 1948: 1920: 1654: 1593: 1316: 1315:

Programmable Symbols is an addition to the normal base character set consisting of

368: 221: 152: 82: 1616:

3274 cluster controller (different models could be channel-attached or remote via

1145:

Model H provides a 14-inch color CRT with 80x24, 80x31, 80x44 or 132x27 characters

4975: 4404: 4258: 834:

The 3278, along with the 3279 color display and the 3287 printer, introduced the

5772: 5753: 5744: 5725: 5716: 5697: 5688: 5669: 5398:, p. 1-71, Select Read Modified from Position (RMP) Command (3274 D Units). 4516: 2584: 2569: 1983:

describes both the process of sending and receiving 3270 data streams using the

1956: 1570: 1412:

invisible control characters). The graphics layer is an area of 720×384 pixels.

1020: 1001: 764: 567: 496: 406:. Remote controllers are controlled by the NCP – Network Control Program in the 379: 333: 318: 253: 164: 121: 89: 20: 1052:. A 3290 application can divide its screen area up into as many as 16 separate 5374:, p. 1-72, Select Read Buffer from Position (RBP) Command (3274 D Units). 4750: 3936: 2579: 2524: 1642: 1574: 1440: 487: 486:

In the early 1990s a popular solution to link PCs with the mainframes was the

148: 5197:. COMMUNICATIONS GROUP MEMOREX CORPORATION. September 28, 1978. MRX 19780928. 4799: 5167: 4868: 4049: 2425: 2395: 1935:

The IBM 3270 display terminal subsystem was designed and developed by IBM's

1653:

in addition to the standard channel attach or SDLC; terminal attachment via

757: 447: 238: 85: 4751:"IBM 3270 compatible terminal playing Infocom games (Informer 207 376/SNA)" 4721: 1923:

as an alternative to coax, and fiber-optic links between the multiplexers.

5800: 3747:'01'B indicates that the field is displayable and selector-pen detectable. 3154:

Copy from one device buffer to another, e.g., from a display to a printer

1496:

were supported by 3191 Models D, E, L, the CUT version of 3192, and 3472.

1132: 474:

created 3270 compatible terminals, or adapted ASCII terminals such as the

5102:. Redbooks. IBM. June 1994. pp. 269–272 (298– in PDF). GG24-4172-00. 3932: 3804: 3800: 3784: 3780: 3274:

Read AID, cursor and, except for short read, modified fields from device

2458: 1968: 1960: 1646: 1543: 1452: 1448: 1156: 779: 548: 463: 423: 419: 415: 357: 156: 117: 68: 5147: 1721:

Dual Logic (the feature of having two sessions from a CUT mode display).

5127: 4874:

emulates an IBM 3179G display terminal and allows Sun workstation users

4755: 1859: 1856: 1487:

Most IBM terminals, starting with the 3277, could be delivered with an

1272: 475: 471: 451: 353:

have support for 3270, including support for full-screen applications.

5805: 3980:

When the Structured Field and Attribute Processing Option is available

1824:

The Harris 8000 Series Terminal Systems used one of four controllers:

1763:

The models included: 11L, 11R, 12R, 13R, 61R, 62R, 63R, 91R, and 92R.

1171:

Several third-party manufacturers produced 3270 displays besides IBM.

5764: 5736: 5708: 5680: 5172: 5152: 5132: 4726: 2183: 2000: 1984: 1737:

The models included: 01L, 01R, 02R, 03R, 51R, 52R, 53R, 81R and 82R.

1687:

During its life span, the 3274 supported several features including:

1107:

Model G provides a 7-color 14 inch CRT with 80x24 or 80x32 characters

1098:

Model C provides a 7-color 14 inch CRT with 80x24 or 80x32 characters

858:

An Informatics General computer programmer using an IBM 3279 terminal

753: 563: 520: 459: 24: 5252:

Figure 9-8. English (U.S.) I/O Interface Code (3277, 3286, and 3287)

4052:, but only allows selecting a field rather than requesting movement. 3740:'00'B indicate that the field is displayed on the screen and is not 3314:

Transfer data from device to control unit with channel disconnected

1744:

In the 3174 controller line IBM also slightly altered the classical

846: 92:, and uses a high speed proprietary communications interface, using 1792:

Token-Ring adapter, Ethernet adapter, and line encryption adapter.

1139:

Model C provides a 12-inch color CRT with 80x24 or 80x32 characters

523:

character set, an audible alarm, and a keylock for the keyboard. A

16:

Family of block-oriented display terminals and printers made by IBM

5629:

3270 Information Display System Data Stream Programmer's Reference

5603:

IBM 3270 Information Display System — Color and Programmed Symbols

5564:

An Introduction to the IBM 3270 Information Systems Display System

5498: 5496: 5036:

3174 Establishment Controller/Networking Server Installation Guide

1875: 1871: 1600: 1592: 1520: 1034: 853: 845: 794: 763: 506: 372: 330: 194: 172: 130: 38: 5386:, p. 1-71, Select Read Modified (RM) Command (3274 D Units). 2589: 5553:, pp. D-1–D-2, Appendix D. 12-, 14-, and 16-Bit Addressing. 3600:

Specifies a buffer address to become the current buffer position

3294:

Read AID, cursor and modified fields from device; no short read

2509: 2473: 2390: 1650: 1295:— Graphical Data Display Manager first released in 1979, and by 996:

The 3279 was introduced in 1979. The 3279 was widely used as an

483:) screens and transfer the data to web pages or GUI interfaces. 343: 312: 301: 287: 270: 125: 5362:, p. 1-71, Select Read Buffer (RB) Command (3274 D Units). 3194:

Erase device buffer, then write WCC folloed by orders and data

778:

3278 models 1–5: next-generation, with accented characters and

4385: 4359: 4332: 4303: 3859: 1624:

communication lines, and had between eight and 32 co-ax ports)

1404: 1357: 439: 322: 60: 4589:"Hardware Products Developed at Hursley (IBM Hursley Museum)" 1499:

Please note that IBM's version's of APL also is called APL2.

5062:"Inside an IBM/Motorola mainframe controller chip from 1981" 2534: 2519: 2410: 1327:

appropriate symbol in one of the Programmable Symbols sets.

547:

keyboards, which have lower case. Lower-case capability and

5642:

IBM 3270 Information Display System Character Set Reference

1955:; and the 3279 color display and 3287 color printer by the 3174:

Erase all unprotected fields and reset modified data tags

879:

model 2C: 80-24 base color (console) with 4 lines reserved

224:, and a 78 key version with twelve. Both versions had two 5577:

IBM 3270 Information Display System: Maintenance Handbook

5088:"Ch. 9. 3174 TCP/IP Enhancements RPQ 8Q1041 — 9.7 TN3270" 4449:

IBM 3270 Information Display System Component Description

4036:

Some, such as the GTE IS/7800, were not fully compatible.

3420:

May only be chained to a Write or Write Structured Field

3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2453: 1878:. Currently only CUT but not DFT displays are supported. 1788:

This was also IBM's final hardware announcement of 3174.

559:); these were added to the later 3278 & 3279 models. 329:(ISPF/PDF was available for VM, but little used) and the 4960:. Vol. 19, no. 28. July 15, 1985. p. 62. 2574: 2514: 2468: 2448: 749:

3277 model 2: 80×24 terminal, the biggest success of all

171:

control unit is connected to a communications line by a

5797:

noting the unveiling of the 3270 display system in 1971

4499:

IBM Virtual Machine Facility/370: Terminal User's Guide

3876: 3723:

Bit 2 is zero to indicate that the associated field is

1071:

3179: low cost color terminal announced March 20, 1984.

143:, with one or more displays or printers connected to a 88:

required by transferring large blocks of data known as

2258: 1943:

in the mid-1990s). The printers were developed by the

124:

was able to support up to 17,500 3270 terminals under

5434:, p. 1-73, Sense ID Command (3274 Band D Units). 4289: 2023: 3623:

Positions the cursor at the current buffer position

1542:

3268-1 R-loop connected stand-alone printer for the

531:

was added which could read information encoded on a

5278:, p. 3-7, Erase All Unprotected (EAU) Command. 3754:(bright), displayable, and selector-pen detectable. 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 1389: 1378: 1363: 1353: 1343: 1284:custom-defined symbols downloaded to the terminal. 1043:The 3290 Information Panel a 17", amber monochrome 5422:, p. 1-73, Sense Command (3274 Band D Units). 5410:, p. 1-72, Select WRT Command (3274 D Units). 5236:Figure 9-1. Control Character Assignments (EBCDIC) 4365:There are two ... , read buffer and read modified. 4241: 4239: 340:through z/VM make extensive use of 3270 features. 216:Early 3270s offered three types of keyboards. The 5622:(23rd ed.). IBM. October 1988. GA27-2739-22. 5188:"1371/1372 REMOTE/LOCAL CONTROLLER BUSINESS PLAN" 4701:"Harris 9100/9200 Information Processing Systems" 4011:For local non-SNA controllers. If attached to an 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2341: 1700:V.24 interfaces with speed up to 14.4 kbit/s 1155:3104: low-cost R-loop connected terminal for the 1015:The IBM 3279 with its graphics software support, 5635:(5th ed.). IBM. December 1988. GA23-0059-4. 5338:, pp. 3-13–3-14, Read Modified All Command. 4277: 3993:attention signal even if the keyboard is locked. 3254:Read entire device buffer, including attributes 2317: 1234:Documentation for the following is available at 5648:(10th ed.). IBM. April 1987. GA27 -2837-9. 5001:Reflection for IBM 14.x — Programming Reference 1703:V.35 interfaces with speed up to 56 kbit/s 791:model 2A: 80x24 (console) with 4 lines reserved 404:VTAM – Virtual Telecommunications Access Method 5458:, p. 3-7, Write Structured Field Command. 5350:, p. 1-70, Select Command (3274 B Units). 5247: 5231: 5219: 2528: 2462: 63:in 1971 and normally used to communicate with 5661:(3rd ed.). IBM. March 1985. GA23-0061-2. 5472:Ch. 4. 3270 Data Stream Orders and Attributes 5302:, p. 3-6, Erase/Write Alternate Command. 5074: 5016: 4619: 4302:This article is based on material taken from 4159: 2447: 2404: 2302: 2148: 2091: 8: 5616:3270 Information Display System Introduction 5590:3174 Establishment Controller — Introduction 5550: 5534: 5518: 5502: 5483: 5467: 5455: 5443: 5431: 5419: 5407: 5395: 5383: 5371: 5359: 5347: 5335: 5326:, pp. 3-12–3-13, Read Modified Command. 5323: 5311: 5299: 5287: 5275: 5263: 4864:"Sun Software Emulates IBM Display Terminal" 4575: 4094: 4092: 4090: 3440:Retrieve error information after unit check 2180: 1338: 4952:"Software & Services:Productivity Aids" 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4406:Designing and Programming CICS Applications 4375: 4373: 4198:"What is 3270 (Information Display System)" 3899:Display buffers larger than 4096 characters 2588: 2399: 30:"3270" redirects here. For other uses, see 5314:, pp. 3-11–3-12, Read Buffer Command. 5266:, p. 1-14, Figure 1-8. Command Codes. 5114:"Building an IBM 3270 terminal controller" 4830:, Chapter 7 Programmed Symbols Capability. 4823: 4541: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 2573: 2533: 2414: 2195: 2098: 1565:With the emergence of printers, including 1337: 596: 570:, released in October 1983, includes 3270 5763: 5735: 5707: 5679: 4872:. Vol. 10, no. 25. p. 11. 4231:IBM stopped manufacturing .. the IBM 3270 3705: 2518: 2482: 2021:their control function and do not print. 838:(EDS) as the framework for new features. 181:, with multiple control units on a line. 175:. Remote 3270 controllers are frequently 120:mainframe fitted with only 16 MB of 5808:: A TTF remake of the font from the 3270 4116:Only available on 3274 D models and 3174 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 3902:Additional field attributes, e.g., color 3700: 3691:The 3270 has three kinds of attributes: 3530: 3099: 3053: 3048: 3028: 2583: 2568: 2452: 2105: 1939:, laboratory (which later closed during 1712:DSL – Downstream load for 3290 and 3179G 1631:On the 3274 and 3174, IBM used the term 900: 799:IBM 3278 and 3279 terminals side-to-side 760:4013 or 4015 graphic screen (monochrome) 389:was designed for the 3270 architecture. 4896:. Vol. 4, no. 7. p. 27. 4182:. IBM. January 23, 2003. Archived from 4152: 3958: 3727:(operator could enter data) or one for 3234:May be used to retrieve pending status 3058: 3038: 3033: 3013: 2578: 2508: 2350: 286:has support for the 3270 continuing to 220:came in both a 66 key version, with no 5852:Computer-related introductions in 1971 4421:DFHPA1 is Program Attention (PA) Key 1 4202:3270 .. over its predecessor, the 2260 4080: 4078: 4076: 4044: 4042: 3603: 3480:Write WCC followed by orders and data 3043: 3023: 3018: 2467: 2424: 2409: 2394: 2389: 1555:IPDS – Intelligent Printer Data Stream 1312:using Write Structured Field command. 1291:Both implementations are supported by 1228:Memorex 1377, compatible with IBM 3277 232:had five PF keys and two PA keys. The 163:control unit attaches directly to the 5847:History of human–computer interaction 4680:"Harris 8000 Series Terminal Systems" 4170: 4168: 3917:All Points Addressable (APA) graphics 3695: 3460:Retrieve control unit identification 3108: 2523: 2472: 2457: 1605:IBM 3274-41D controller with terminal 1536:3287 printer, including a color model 1310:GDDM — Graphical Data Display Manager 808:model 5: 132×27 or 80×24 (switchable) 248:A downside to this approach was that 7: 5207: 4309:Free On-line Dictionary of Computing 4245: 2487: 2282: 1559:AFP — Advanced Function Presentation 1439:on the same layout. Compatible with 1385: (equivalent to $ 6,731 in 2023) 805:model 4: 80×43 or 80x24 (switchable) 802:model 3: 80×32 or 80x24 (switchable) 241:to the host computer and present an 67:. The 3270 was the successor to the 5609:. IBM. September 1979. GA33-3056-0. 5583:. IBM. September 1980. S229-7037-4. 5290:, p. 3-6, Erase/Write Command. 4938:Danish Data Historical Society Wiki 4912:"IBM 3179G: To beep or not to beep" 4659:"GTE IS/7800 Video Display Systems" 4098:Not available on 3271, 3272 or 3275 3905:Character attributes within a field 3810:This allowed programs (such as the 3398:Select Read Modified from Position 3358:may only be chained to Read Buffer 3336:may only be chained to Read Buffer 2265: 1709:DFT – Distributed Function Terminal 529:Operator Identification Card Reader 344:Customer Information Control System 81:, the 3270 minimizes the number of 4910:Ken Hornstein (January 10, 1991). 4771:"3270 Plug-Compatible Peripherals" 4710:. Datapro. July 1985. C25-468-101. 4689:. Datapro. July 1985. C25-468-101. 4561:. January 23, 2003. Archived from 3750:'10'B indicates that the field is 3666:Erase Unprotected to Address (EUA) 2563: 2513: 2362: 1492:Graphic Escape X'08' instruction. 14: 5781:"Telnet and TN3270 Configuration" 5752:Yevstifeyev, Mykyta (June 2011). 4668:. Datapro. May 1977. C25-457-103. 4215:"Cleo 3270 Support Documentation" 4026:Hardware Management Console (HMC) 3911:Querying terminal characteristics 3356:Select Read Buffer from Position; 2084: 1684:supporting 8 Category A devices. 399:SNA – System Network Architecture 397:3270 devices can be a part of an 4637:"IBM 3179 COLOR DISPLAY STATION" 3863: 2488: 1068:3178: lower cost terminal (1983) 187:differential Manchester encoding 5596:. IBM. April 1989. GA27-3850-0. 5195:Memorex History and Memorabilia 4886:Jim Brown (February 16, 1987). 4862:Mark Stephens (June 20, 1988). 4643:. March 20, 1984. LTR 184-039. 3935:display terminal subsystem for 3737:Bit 4 and 5 operate in tandem: 3571: 2025:3270 Character Set (US EBCDIC) 1403:announced June 18, 1985, is an 1349:IBM 3179G Color Display Station 1299:with their SAS/GRAPH software. 850:IBM 3279 Color Display Terminal 4847:. June 18, 1985. LTR 185-076. 4355:"Reading from a 3270 terminal" 4338:.. reads a 3270 screen with a 1834:8181 (remote, 3271 equivalent) 1828:8171 (remote, 3271 equivalent) 1812:7801 (remote, 3271 equivalent) 1021:Hursley Development Laboratory 1019:(GDDM), was designed at IBM's 1017:Graphical Data Display Manager 885:model 3B: 80-32 extended color 876:model 2B: 80-24 extended color 782:in countries that needed them 159:connections were available. A 1: 5570:. IBM. May 1971. GA27-2739-1. 5446:, p. 3-5, Write Command. 5096:Using 3174 in TCP/IP Networks 4609:. March 8, 1983. LTR 183-033. 1837:8182 (local, 3277 equivalent) 1831:8172 (local, 3277 equivalent) 1815:7802 (local, 3277 equivalent) 1006:Synchronous Data Link Control 280:Conversational Monitor System 222:programmed function (PF) keys 5837:Systems Network Architecture 5801:3270 Data Stream Programming 5696:Penner, Jon (January 1994). 5668:Rekhter, J. (January 1988). 4997:"3179G graphics coordinates" 4603:"IBM 3290 Information Panel" 4381:"Input from a 3270 terminal" 4267:. May 13, 1985. p. 103. 2332: 2233: 2224: 2215: 2208: 2169: 2162: 2155: 2114: 1921:TTP – Telephone Twisted Pair 1010:Systems Network Architecture 746:3277 model 1: 40×12 terminal 314:Program Development Facility 5060:Shirriff, Ken (July 2024). 4974:Greg Price (January 2008). 4888:"Telex beefs up its lineup" 3908:Redefining display geometry 1697:Programmed Symbol Set (PSS) 1464:The IBM 3192G, announced in 1217:Informer Computer Terminals 756:I/O, often used to drive a 651:3192 — Models C, D, F, L, W 79:character-oriented terminal 5868: 4548:, Ch. 3. Color Capability. 4409:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". 4391:PA (Program Attention) key 4128:Start Field Extended (SFE) 3540:Hexadecimal code (EBCDIC) 1263:Alfaskop Display Unit 4112 1260:Alfaskop Display Unit 4110 882:model 3A: 80-32 base color 873:model 2A: 80-24 base color 29: 18: 5724:Kelly, Bill (June 1998). 5671:Telnet 3270 Regime Option 5523:Extended Field Attributes 4290:3270 Maintenance Handbook 3827:order, often followed by 3542: 3539: 3536: 3504: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3111: 3105: 1715:9901 and 3299 multiplexer 276:and supporting programs. 234:operator console keyboard 167:of a nearby mainframe. A 105:green screen applications 5699:TN3270 Current Practices 5033:IBM Corporation (1994). 4843:. Announcement Letters. 4639:. Announcement Letters. 4605:. Announcement letters. 4446:IBM Corporation (1972). 4328:"Formatted screen input" 3825:Set Buffer Address (SBA) 3586:Set Buffer Address (SBA) 1230:Attaches to 1371 or 1372 752:3277 GA: a 3277 with an 436:Michigan Terminal System 19:Not to be confused with 5832:Block-oriented terminal 5755:The 'tn3270' URI Scheme 4800:"Computer II Reference" 4778:Communications Products 4722:"Charcole/Zmachine3270" 4316:, version 1.3 or later. 3742:selector-pen detectable 3518:Write Control Character 3512:Write control character 3500:Write Structured Field 3485:Write Structured Field 1951:, Japan, and later the 1870:program that runs on a 1706:X.25 network attachment 1627:3174 cluster controller 1557:for online printing of 836:Extended Display Stream 589:3270 terminal emulation 557:Request Price Quotation 511:IBM selector-pen in use 101:3270 terminal emulation 5842:Multimodal interaction 5822:IBM computer terminals 5470:, pp. 44-1–4-28, 4624:3290 Information Panel 4622:, pp. 3-10–3-11, 4403:John Horswill (2000). 4061:Models 2B and 3B only. 3914:Programmed Symbol Sets 3787:and later models used 3645:Repeat to Address (RA) 3199:Erase/Write Alternate 3159:Erase All Unprotected 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2954: 2952: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2888: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2824: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2728: 2726: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2662: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2598: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2348: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2300: 2298: 2291: 2289: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2206: 2204: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2178: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2112: 1995:network instead of an 1991:to communicate over a 1610:3271 remote controller 1606: 1598: 1526: 1414:All Points Addressable 1040: 859: 851: 800: 769: 715:3472 — except model G 512: 139:Most 3270 devices are 136: 44: 4730:. September 13, 2021. 4468:"3270 -Brief History" 4466:Klaus Brandstaetter. 4176:"DPD Chronology 1971" 3767:Later models include 3378:Select Read Modified 2007:Technical Information 1694:Extended Highlighting 1633:configuration support 1613:3272 local controller 1604: 1596: 1524: 1424:The application i.e. 1038: 857: 849: 798: 767: 551:were available as an 525:keyboard numeric lock 510: 298:OS/360 and successors 134: 42: 32:3270 (disambiguation) 5539:Character Attributes 5537:, pp. 1-7–1-9, 5505:, pp. 1-6–1-7, 4565:on January 17, 2005. 4559:"IBM Archives: 1979" 4478:on February 16, 2012 4280:, pp. 2–2, 8–1. 4278:3270 An Introduction 4221:on December 26, 2010 4186:on October 23, 2009. 3989:SNA only, causes an 3947:List of IBM products 3856:Extended Data Stream 3833:Start Field Extended 3795:Character attributes 3706:Character attributes 1941:IBM's difficult time 1691:Extended Data Stream 1212:Informer 270 376/SNA 627:3179 — Models G1, G2 603:Display Station Name 533:magnetic stripe card 519:, ASCII rather than 356:McGill University's 349:Various versions of 77:terminals. Unlike a 55:display and printer 5827:IBM display devices 5795:Partial IBM history 5783:. Cisco. July 1998. 5727:TN3270 Enhancements 5156:. October 16, 2021. 4517:"IBM 3277 Terminal" 4137:Graphic Escape (GE) 4125:Later models added 3789:extended attributes 3775:Extended attributes 3701:Extended attributes 3657:Character to repeat 3568:Attribute character 3533: 3334:Select Read Buffer; 3102: 2026: 1949:Fujisawa laboratory 1799:Non-IBM Controllers 1597:IBM 3174 controller 1549:4224 matrix printer 1533:3286 matrix printer 1530:3284 matrix printer 1340: 1056:(logical screens). 1054:explicit partitions 1025:Winchester, England 903: 599: 408:Front End Processor 294:Time Sharing Option 230:data entry keyboard 218:typewriter keyboard 5248:3270 Character Set 5232:3270 Character Set 5220:3270 Character Set 5176:. October 4, 2021. 5136:. October 4, 2021. 4523:. February 2, 2017 4521:VintageComputer.ca 4336:. April 27, 2004. 4134:Set Attribute (SA) 3875:. You can help by 3611:Insert Cursor (IC) 3531: 3418:Select WRT Command 3279:Read Modified All 3100: 2024: 2012:3270 character set 1945:Endicott, New York 1937:Kingston, New York 1607: 1599: 1553:In 1984 announced 1527: 1503:Display-Controller 1379:Introductory price 1250:Memorex/Telex 2179 1247:Memorex/Telex 2178 1244:Memorex/Telex 2080 1241:Memorex/Telex 2079 1238:Memorex/Telex 2078 1050:programmed symbols 1041: 901: 860: 852: 801: 770: 731:3482 — all models 597: 572:terminal emulation 513: 137: 57:computer terminals 45: 5075:3174 Introduction 5049:on March 2, 2016. 5017:3174 Introduction 4620:3270 Introduction 4160:3270 Introduction 4131:Modify Field (MF) 3893: 3892: 3818:Buffer addressing 3684: 3683: 3604:Buffer addressing 3509: 3508: 3077: 3076: 1989:terminal emulator 1953:Yamato laboratory 1539:3288 line printer 1397: 1396: 961: 960: 738: 737: 707:3290 — all models 699:3279 — all models 691:3278 — all models 683:3277 — all models 675:3194 — all models 667:3193 — all models 643:3191 — all models 611:3178 — all models 562:A version of the 378:A version of the 226:Program Attention 5859: 5806:rbanffy/3270font 5784: 5776: 5767: 5765:10.17487/RFC6270 5748: 5739: 5737:10.17487/RFC2355 5720: 5711: 5709:10.17487/RFC1576 5692: 5683: 5681:10.17487/RFC1041 5662: 5660: 5649: 5647: 5636: 5634: 5623: 5621: 5610: 5608: 5597: 5595: 5584: 5582: 5571: 5569: 5554: 5551:3270 Data Stream 5548: 5542: 5535:3270 Data Stream 5532: 5526: 5519:3270 Data Stream 5516: 5510: 5507:Field Attributes 5503:3270 Data Stream 5500: 5491: 5484:3270 Data Stream 5481: 5475: 5468:3270 Data Stream 5465: 5459: 5456:3270 Data Stream 5453: 5447: 5444:3270 Data Stream 5441: 5435: 5432:3274 Description 5429: 5423: 5420:3274 Description 5417: 5411: 5408:3274 Description 5405: 5399: 5396:3274 Description 5393: 5387: 5384:3274 Description 5381: 5375: 5372:3274 Description 5369: 5363: 5360:3274 Description 5357: 5351: 5348:3274 Description 5345: 5339: 5336:3270 Data Stream 5333: 5327: 5324:3270 Data Stream 5321: 5315: 5312:3270 Data Stream 5309: 5303: 5300:3270 Data Stream 5297: 5291: 5288:3270 Data Stream 5285: 5279: 5276:3270 Data Stream 5273: 5267: 5264:3274 Description 5261: 5255: 5245: 5239: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5192: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5092: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5042:. Archived from 5041: 5030: 5024: 5014: 5008: 5007: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4837: 4831: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4775: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4705: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4684: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4663: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4633: 4627: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4585: 4579: 4576:3270 Data Stream 4573: 4567: 4566: 4555: 4549: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4474:. Archived from 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4443: 4424: 4423: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4377: 4368: 4367: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4226: 4217:. Archived from 4211: 4205: 4204: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4172: 4163: 4157: 4140: 4123: 4117: 4114: 4099: 4096: 4085: 4082: 4071: 4068: 4062: 4059: 4053: 4046: 4037: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3994: 3987: 3981: 3978: 3888: 3885: 3867: 3860: 3712:Field attributes 3696:Field attributes 3628:Program Tab (PT) 3562:Start Field (SF) 3534: 3532:Orders for 3277 3103: 2369: 2355: 2346: 2339: 2322: 2307: 2287: 2270: 2263: 2239: 2231: 2222: 2213: 2202: 2187: 2176: 2167: 2160: 2153: 2121: 2110: 2103: 2096: 2089: 2027: 1979:Telnet 3270, or 1866:connector and a 1582: 1384: 1374: 1372: 1346: 1341: 1317:Latin characters 1167:Non-IBM Displays 904: 902:Base color mode 600: 43:IBM 3277 Model 2 5867: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5812: 5811: 5791: 5779: 5751: 5723: 5695: 5667: 5658: 5652: 5645: 5639: 5632: 5626: 5619: 5613: 5606: 5600: 5593: 5587: 5580: 5574: 5567: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5533: 5529: 5521:, p. 1-7, 5517: 5513: 5501: 5494: 5482: 5478: 5466: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5418: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5394: 5390: 5382: 5378: 5370: 5366: 5358: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5322: 5318: 5310: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5286: 5282: 5274: 5270: 5262: 5258: 5250:, p. 9-9, 5246: 5242: 5234:, p. 9-2, 5230: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5099: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5039: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5015: 5011: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4976:"3270 Graphics" 4973: 4972: 4968: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4822: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4764: 4749: 4746:Wayback Machine 4739: 4735: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4618: 4614: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4574: 4570: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4540: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4445: 4444: 4427: 4417: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4379: 4378: 4371: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4301: 4300: 4296: 4292:, pp. 1–3. 4288: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4259:"3270 clusters" 4257: 4256: 4252: 4244: 4237: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4174: 4173: 4166: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4102: 4097: 4088: 4083: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4047: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4024:Other than the 4023: 4019: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3960: 3955: 3924: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3873:needs expansion 3858: 3853: 3845: 3820: 3797: 3777: 3714: 3689: 3601: 3569: 3526: 3514: 3419: 3357: 3335: 3123: 3095: 3082: 2363: 2351: 2342: 2333: 2318: 2303: 2283: 2266: 2259: 2234: 2225: 2216: 2209: 2196: 2181: 2170: 2163: 2156: 2149: 2115: 2106: 2099: 2092: 2085: 2014: 2009: 1977: 1933: 1909: 1884: 1853: 1822: 1806: 1801: 1728: 1726:3174 controller 1670:8" floppy drive 1663: 1661:3274 controller 1591: 1581: 1519: 1505: 1485: 1476: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1445:IBM 4300 series 1418:vector graphics 1382: 1370: 1368: 1367:March 1984 1344: 1336: 1305: 1281: 1279:Graphics models 1270: 1257: 1229: 1225: 1214: 1186: 1177: 1169: 1162:3472 Infowindow 1152: 1129: 1120: 1095: 1087: 1078: 1065: 1033: 1008:) link. In the 974:Neutral (White) 844: 775: 743: 723:3472 — model G 580: 541: 505: 481:screen scraping 450:/Incoterm Div, 444:Hewlett-Packard 432: 395: 263: 228:(PA) keys. The 113: 51:is a family of 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5865: 5863: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5803: 5798: 5790: 5789:External links 5787: 5786: 5785: 5777: 5749: 5721: 5693: 5664: 5663: 5650: 5637: 5624: 5611: 5598: 5585: 5572: 5556: 5555: 5543: 5527: 5511: 5492: 5476: 5460: 5448: 5436: 5424: 5412: 5400: 5388: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5340: 5328: 5316: 5304: 5292: 5280: 5268: 5256: 5240: 5224: 5212: 5200: 5179: 5159: 5139: 5119: 5105: 5079: 5067: 5052: 5025: 5009: 4988: 4966: 4943: 4925: 4920:comp.terminals 4902: 4878: 4854: 4832: 4824:3270 Color PSS 4816: 4791: 4762: 4733: 4713: 4692: 4671: 4650: 4628: 4612: 4594: 4580: 4568: 4550: 4542:3270 Color PSS 4534: 4508: 4489: 4458: 4455:. GA27-2749-1. 4425: 4415: 4395: 4369: 4346: 4319: 4294: 4282: 4270: 4250: 4235: 4206: 4189: 4164: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4118: 4100: 4086: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4038: 4029: 4017: 4004: 3995: 3991:expedited flow 3982: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3930: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3891: 3890: 3884:September 2020 3870: 3868: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3819: 3816: 3796: 3793: 3776: 3773: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3748: 3745: 3735: 3732: 3721: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3675:Address byte 2 3673: 3672:Address byte 1 3670: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3655: 3654:Address byte 2 3652: 3651:Address byte 1 3649: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3598: 3596: 3595:Address byte 2 3593: 3592:Address byte 1 3590: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3525: 3522: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3259:Read Modified 3256: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3101:3270 commands 3094: 3091: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2349: 2347: 2340: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2264: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2179: 2177: 2168: 2161: 2154: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2113: 2111: 2104: 2097: 2090: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 1976: 1973: 1932: 1929: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1883: 1880: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1662: 1659: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1614: 1611: 1590: 1587: 1567:laser printers 1551: 1550: 1547: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1501: 1484: 1481: 1475: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1447:, 303x, 308x, 1441:IBM System/370 1395: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1335: 1332: 1304: 1301: 1280: 1277: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1256: 1255:Nokia/Alfaskop 1253: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1232: 1231: 1224: 1221: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1185: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1128: 1125: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1061: 1045:plasma display 1032: 1029: 994: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 971: 970: 967: 966:Extended color 963: 962: 959: 958: 955: 952: 948: 947: 944: 941: 937: 936: 933: 930: 926: 925: 922: 919: 915: 914: 911: 908: 897: 896: 893: 889: 888: 887: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 843: 840: 832: 831: 828: 827: 826: 823: 820: 817: 811: 810: 809: 806: 803: 792: 789: 788:model 2: 80×24 786: 785:model 1: 80x12 774: 771: 762: 761: 750: 747: 742: 739: 736: 735: 732: 728: 727: 724: 720: 719: 716: 712: 711: 708: 704: 703: 700: 696: 695: 692: 688: 687: 684: 680: 679: 676: 672: 671: 668: 664: 663: 660: 659:3192 — Model G 656: 655: 652: 648: 647: 644: 640: 639: 636: 635:3180 — Model 1 632: 631: 628: 624: 623: 620: 619:3179 — Model 1 616: 615: 612: 608: 607: 604: 579: 576: 540: 537: 504: 501: 492:expansion card 431: 428: 394: 391: 383:word processor 267:IBM System/370 262: 259: 191:BNC connectors 112: 109: 65:IBM mainframes 59:introduced by 53:block oriented 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5864: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5756: 5750: 5746: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5673: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5559: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5440: 5437: 5433: 5428: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5392: 5389: 5385: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5201: 5196: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5143: 5140: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5120: 5115: 5109: 5106: 5098: 5097: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5071: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5053: 5045: 5038: 5037: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4957:Computerworld 4953: 4947: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4929: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4894: 4893:Network World 4889: 4882: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4858: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4820: 4817: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4779: 4772: 4766: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4709: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4688: 4681: 4675: 4672: 4667: 4660: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4535: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4501: 4500: 4493: 4490: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4459: 4451: 4450: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4416:1-56592-676-5 4412: 4408: 4407: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4350: 4347: 4343: 4341: 4340:read modified 4335: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4298: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4271: 4266: 4265: 4264:Computerworld 4260: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4153: 4146: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4048:Similar to a 4045: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3983: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3941:IBM System/3X 3938: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3928:3270 emulator 3926: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3874: 3871:This section 3869: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3761: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3686: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3219:No Operation 3218: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3118: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3079: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3010: 3009: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2949: 2948: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2821: 2820: 2784: 2783: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2723: 2722: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2659: 2658: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2490: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2367: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2345: 2337: 2321: 2306: 2295: 2294: 2286: 2269: 2262: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2229: 2220: 2212: 2200: 2185: 2174: 2166: 2159: 2152: 2145: 2144: 2119: 2109: 2102: 2095: 2088: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2028: 2022: 2018: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1850: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1819: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1671: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1595: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1516: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1482: 1480: 1473: 1471: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1377: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1345:Also known as 1342: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1267: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1227: 1226: 1223:Memorex Telex 1222: 1220: 1218: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1181: 1174: 1172: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1134: 1126: 1124: 1117: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1084: 1082: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1046: 1037: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 998:IBM mainframe 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 976: 973: 972: 968: 965: 964: 956: 953: 950: 949: 945: 942: 939: 938: 934: 931: 928: 927: 923: 920: 917: 916: 912: 909: 906: 905: 899: 898: 894: 891: 890: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 871: 869: 868: 867: 865: 856: 848: 841: 839: 837: 829: 824: 822:reverse video 821: 819:character set 818: 815: 814: 812: 807: 804: 797: 793: 790: 787: 784: 783: 781: 777: 776: 772: 768:3278 terminal 766: 759: 755: 751: 748: 745: 744: 740: 733: 730: 729: 725: 722: 721: 717: 714: 713: 709: 706: 705: 701: 698: 697: 693: 690: 689: 685: 682: 681: 677: 674: 673: 669: 666: 665: 661: 658: 657: 653: 650: 649: 645: 642: 641: 637: 634: 633: 629: 626: 625: 621: 618: 617: 613: 610: 609: 605: 602: 601: 595: 592: 590: 584: 577: 575: 573: 569: 565: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 538: 536: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 509: 502: 500: 498: 493: 489: 484: 482: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 430:Third parties 429: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 400: 392: 390: 388: 384: 381: 376: 374: 370: 365: 361: 359: 354: 352: 347: 345: 341: 339: 335: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 315: 309: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 275: 272: 268: 260: 258: 257:appreciated. 255: 251: 246: 244: 240: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 214: 212: 211:screen buffer 208: 202: 198: 196: 192: 188: 182: 180: 179: 178:multi-dropped 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 133: 129: 127: 123: 119: 110: 108: 106: 102: 97: 95: 94:coaxial cable 91: 87: 84: 80: 76: 75: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 41: 37: 33: 26: 22: 5754: 5726: 5698: 5670: 5654: 5641: 5628: 5615: 5602: 5589: 5576: 5563: 5546: 5530: 5514: 5479: 5463: 5451: 5439: 5427: 5415: 5403: 5391: 5379: 5367: 5355: 5343: 5331: 5319: 5307: 5295: 5283: 5271: 5259: 5243: 5227: 5215: 5203: 5194: 5182: 5171: 5162: 5151: 5142: 5131: 5122: 5108: 5095: 5082: 5070: 5055: 5044:the original 5035: 5028: 5012: 5004: 5000: 4991: 4983: 4980:Prycroft Six 4979: 4969: 4961: 4955: 4946: 4937: 4928: 4905: 4897: 4891: 4881: 4873: 4867: 4857: 4848: 4844: 4835: 4819: 4807:. Retrieved 4804:Cybertelecom 4803: 4794: 4782:. Retrieved 4777: 4765: 4754: 4742:Ghostarchive 4740:Archived at 4736: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4695: 4686: 4674: 4665: 4653: 4644: 4640: 4631: 4615: 4606: 4597: 4583: 4571: 4563:the original 4553: 4537: 4525:. Retrieved 4520: 4511: 4498: 4492: 4480:. Retrieved 4476:the original 4472:HOB Techtalk 4471: 4461: 4448: 4420: 4405: 4398: 4390: 4384: 4364: 4358: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4331: 4322: 4307: 4297: 4285: 4273: 4262: 4253: 4230: 4223:. 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