1147:* Historically RPG was columnar in nature, though free-formatting * was allowed under particular circumstances. * The purpose of various lines code are determined by a * letter code in column 6. * An asterisk (*) in column 7 denotes a comment line * "F" (file) specs define files and other i/o devices F ARMstF1 IF E K Disk Rename(ARMST:RARMST) * "D" (data) specs are used to define variables D pCusNo S 6p D pName S 30a D pAddr1 S 30a D pAddr2 S 30a D pCity S 25a D pState S 2a D pZip S 10a * "C" (calculation) specs are used for executable statements * Parameters are defined using plist and parm opcodes C *entry plist C parm pCusNo C parm pName C parm pAddr1 C parm pAddr2 C parm pCity C parm pState C parm pZip * The "chain" command is used for random access of a keyed file C pCusNo chain ARMstF1 * If a record is found, move fields from the file into parameters C if %found C eval pName = ARNm01 C eval pAddr1 = ARAd01 C eval pAddr2 = ARAd02 C eval pCity = ARCy01 C eval pState = ARSt01 C eval pZip = ARZp15 C endif * RPG makes use of switches. One switch "LR" originally stood for "last record" * LR flags the program and its dataspace as removable from memory C eval *InLR = *On
1289:* RPG IV no longer requires the use of the *INLR indicator to terminate a program. * by using the MAIN keyword on the "H" (Header) spec, and identifying the "main" or * entry procedure name, the program will begin and end normally without using the * decades-old RPG Cycle and instead a more "C like" begin and end logic. H MAIN(getCustInf) * "D" (data) specs are used to define variables and parameters * The "prototype" for the program is in a separate file * allowing other programs to call it /copy cust_pr * The "procedure interface" describes the *ENTRY parameters P getCustInf B D getCustInf PI D pCusNo 6p 0 const D pName 30a D pAddr1 30a D pAddr2 30a D pCity 25a D pState 2a D pZip 10a /free exec sql select arName, arAddr1, arAdd2, arCity, arStte, arZip into :pName, :pAddr1, :pAddr2, :pCity, :pState, :pZip from ARMstF1 where arCNum = :pCusNo for fetch only fetch first 1 row only optimize for 1 row with CS; /end-free P GetCustInf E
1153:* "F" (file) specs define files and other i/o devices FARMstF1 IF E K Disk Rename(ARMST:RARMST) * "D" (data) specs are used to define variables and parameters * The "prototype" for the program is in a separate file * allowing other programs to call it /copy cust_pr * The "procedure interface" describes the *ENTRY parameters D getCustInf PI D pCusNo 6p 0 const D pName 30a D pAddr1 30a D pAddr2 30a D pCity 25a D pState 2a D pZip 10a /free // The "chain" command is used for random access of a keyed file chain pCusNo ARMstF1; // If a record is found, move fields from the file into parameters if %found; pName = ARNm01; pAddr1 = ARAd01; pAddr2 = ARAd02; pCity = ARCy01; pState = ARSt01; pZip = ARZp15; endif; // RPG makes use of switches. One switch "LR" originally stood for "last record" // LR actually flags the program and its dataspace as removable from memory. *InLR = *On; /end-free
540:. A programmer would write code to process an individual record, and the program cycle would execute the change against every record of a file, taking care of the control flow. At that time each record (individual punched card) would be compared to each line in the program, which would act upon the record, or not, based upon whether that line had an "indicator" turned "on" or "off". The indicator consisted of a set of logical variables numbered 01–99 for user-defined purposes, or other smaller sets based upon record, field, or report processing functions. The concept of level breaks and matching records is unique to the RPG II language, and was originally developed with card readers in mind. The matching record feature of the cycle enabled easy processing of files having a header-to-detail relationship. RPG programs written to take advantage of the program cycle could produce complex reports with far fewer lines of computer code than programs written in
4211:
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29:
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character set, but also supports UTF-8, UTF-16 and many other character sets. The threadsafe aspects of the language are considered idiosyncratic by some as the compiler team has addressed threads by giving each thread its own static storage, rather than make the RPG run-time environment re-entrant.
644:
was effectively RPG III running on AS/400. IBM renamed the RPG compiler as "RPG/400" but at the time of its introduction it was identical to the RPG III compiler on System/38. Virtually all IBM System/38 products were rebranded as xxx/400 and the RPG compiler was no exception. RPG III compiled with
551:
containing program elements such as Data
Structures and dimensional arrays, much like a "Working-Storage" section of a COBOL program. This is followed by Calculation Specifications, which contain the executable instructions. Output Specifications can follow which can be used to determine the layout
686:
text-capable source entry, as an alternative to the original column-dependent source format. The "/FREE" calculation did not require the operation code to be placed in a particular column; the operation code is optional for the EVAL and CALLP operations; and syntax generally more closely resembles
737:
The SQL precompiler allows current RPG developers to take advantage of IBM's cost-based SQE (SQL Query Engine). With the traditional F-Spec approach a developer had to identify a specific access path to a data set, now they can implement standard embedded SQL statements directly in the program.
445:
to implement input, output, control and counter operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide). Tab machines programs were executed by impulses emitted in a machine cycle; hence, FARGO and RPG emulated the notion of the machine cycle with the program cycle. RPG was superior to and rapidly replaced
1143:
The following program receives a customer number as an input parameter and returns the name and address as output parameters. This is the most primitive version of RPG IV syntax. The same program is shown later with gradually more modern versions of the syntax and gradually more relaxed rules.
645:
the RPG/400 compiler offered nothing new to the RPG III language until IBM began development of new operation codes, such as SCAN, CAT and XLATE after several years of AS/400 availability. These enhancements to RPG III were not available in the System/38 version of RPG III.
632:
series of data-entry workstations in the early '80s. It was similar to RPG III but lacking external Data
Descriptions (DDS) to describe data(files) like on the System/38 and its successors. Instead, the DDS part had to be included into the RPG source itself.
2666:
702:, is recommended by IBM for RPG development. The Source Entry Utility (SEU) text editor is no longer recommended for RPG development, and development ceased after IBM i 6.1. Other legacy developer tools include CODE/400 (based on IBM WorkFrame/2) and
776:
column is the character that is encoded on the
Definition Specification in the column designated for data type. To compare, in a language like C where definitions of variables are free-format and would use a keyword such as
2662:
734:, and other commercial Web-enabled packages. Even with the changes, it retains a great deal of backward compatibility, so an RPG program written 37 years ago could run today with little or no modification.
616:
in 1979 most RPG programmers discontinued use of the cycle in favor of controlling program flow with standard looping constructs, although IBM has continued to provide backward compatibility for the cycle.
671:. RPG IV offered a greater variety of expressions within its Extended Factor-2 Calculation Specification and, later in life, its free-format Calculation Specifications and Procedure syntax. RPG IV in the
714:
IBM continues to enhance the RPG language via software releases and intra-release “technology refreshes” (TRs). More built-in functions (BIFs) have been added. It has the ability to link to
2308:
1662:
Lastly, if you apply the compiler PTFs related
Technology Refresh 7 (TR7) to your 7.1 operating system, then the above program can be coded completely in free-form, as follows:
2756:
2726:
2491:
3376:
738:
When compiled, the SQL precompiler transforms SQL statements into RPG statements which call the database manager programs that ultimately implement the query request.
2226:
4289:
691:
V7R1 TR7 upgrade to the language, the "/free" and "/end-free" calculations are no longer necessary, and the language has finally broken the ties to punched cards.
4629:
781:
to declare an integer variable, in RPG, a variable is defined with a fixed-format
Definition Specification. In the Definition Specification, denoted by a letter
757:. It allows new I/O handlers to be defined by a programmer - enabling data to be read from and written to sources which RPG does not provide inbuilt support for.
4155:
2452:
2188:
687:
that of mainstream, general-purpose programming languages. Until
November 2013, the free format applied exclusively to the calculation specifications. With the
351:, as well as miscellaneous compilers and runtime environments for Unix-based systems, such as Infinite36 (formerly Unibol 36), and PCs (Baby/400, Lattice-RPG).
3180:
2476:
2395:
4614:
2636:
2606:
4573:
3401:
2882:
1292:
As of V7R1 of the operating system, the above program would not necessarily need the prototype in a separate file, so it could be completely written as:
272:. RPG has traditionally featured a number of distinctive concepts, such as the program cycle, and the column-oriented syntax. The most recent version is
4619:
4609:
3533:
3511:
2941:
746:
This has been noted to muddle the distinction between a thread and a process (making RPG IV threads a kind of hybrid between threads and processes).
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4578:
3175:
2301:
2068:
4568:
3647:
2100:
2546:
2516:
2276:
2136:
675:
is known as ILE RPG, and user guides explain the nuances of both. RPG IV and ILE RPG are supported by IBM in the current IBM i platform.
585:. RPG III significantly departed from the original language, providing modern structured constructs like IF-ENDIF blocks, DO loops, and
4309:
4282:
3391:
2849:
4254:
4144:
699:
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models 30 and above) and RPG more commonly used by customers who were in transition from tabulating equipment (System/360 model 20).
4314:
3878:
3453:
3035:
2370:
719:
3792:
2696:
2985:
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4319:
3724:
2966:
2255:
4234:
4224:
4214:
3751:
672:
526:
391:
250:
284:
The RPG programming language originally was created by IBM for their 1401 systems. IBM later produced implementations for the
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1116:
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186:
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2106:
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4541:
4495:
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4443:
4403:
4117:
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3145:
3068:"This redbook is focused on RPG IV as a modern, thriving, and rich application development language for the 21st century."
2213:
548:
321:
3117:
682:
V5R1, RPG IV offered greater freedom for calculations than offered by the
Extended Factor-2 Calculation Specification: a
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4438:
4408:
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238:
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4505:
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715:
82:
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403:
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4249:
4030:
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2598:
723:
126:
3671:
3105:
3052:
Smith, Brian R.; Martin
Barbeau; Susan Gantner; Jon Paris; Zdravko Vincetic; Vladimir Zupka (April 25, 2000).
2871:
2064:
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3005:
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801:
if no decimal positions are specified, P when decimal positions are specified for stand-along fields, and
355:
162:
158:
154:
150:
130:
110:
2568:
505:, with an improved version of the language. RPG II was also available for larger systems, including the
4624:
4138:
4103:
3729:
3688:
3319:
438:
547:
The program File
Specifications, listed all files being written to, read from or updated, followed by
441:
technicians to the then-new computers. Tab machine technicians were accustomed to plugging wires into
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3958:
3868:
3822:
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3623:
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205:
41:
36:
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and reports can be defined externally, mostly eliminating the need to hand code input and output ("
4107:
4082:
3982:
3964:
3628:
2538:
2392:"...IBM 1401 and the Report Program Generator (RPG) contributed significantly to this success..."
2280:
2215:
IBM System/360 - Operating System - RPG Language
Specifications - Program Number 380S-RG-038 (OS)
695:
434:
48:
2508:
2128:
4354:
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4060:
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3919:
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3246:
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3031:
2096:
457:
370:
348:
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262:
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178:
3080: — An extensive resource of articles giving examples of RPG code and related programming
2841:
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3261:
3256:
606:
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269:
121:
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332:
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3162:
2989:
2988:. History of Programming Languages (HOPL), Murdoch University, AU. 2006. Archived from
2969:. History of Programming Languages (HOPL), Murdoch University, AU. 2006. Archived from
1009:
908:
590:
553:
506:
398:
was descriptive of the purpose of the language: generation of reports from data files.
3054:"Who Knew You Could Do That with RPG IV? A Sorcerer's Guide to System Access and More"
2970:
4603:
4473:
4025:
4000:
3970:
3756:
3477:
3416:
3324:
3299:
3214:
3006:"Pulling data out of computers in the mid-twentieth and early twenty-first centuries"
2251:
1030:
613:
366:
182:
4525:
4364:
4194:
3988:
3976:
3581:
3576:
3555:
3131:
557:
3086: — Free (open source) resources for RPG IV and IBM i application development.
2810:
2779:
2090:
276:, which includes a number of modernization features, including free-form syntax.
4065:
4035:
3858:
3746:
3470:
3465:
3236:
1156:
Assume the ARMSTF1 example table was created using the following SQL Statement:
1097:
114:
105:
4433:
3787:
3780:
3714:
3460:
3281:
3271:
668:
586:
469:
289:
2441:
Programming Systems Analysis Guide - IBM 7070 Series Report Program Generator
2177:
Programming Systems Analysis Guide - IBM 7070 Series Report Program Generator
402:
accredits Wilf Hey with work at IBM that resulted in the development of RPG.
4530:
3545:
3538:
3354:
3276:
3266:
2658:
1089:
703:
578:
502:
498:
494:
442:
313:
309:
305:
301:
2332:
28:
4204:
4161:
3909:
3853:
3618:
3603:
3586:
3431:
3359:
3329:
629:
490:
468:. Assembler and COBOL were more common in mainframe business operations (
450:
427:
340:
297:
285:
258:
4267:
2907:
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4413:
4171:
3613:
3608:
3550:
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3309:
727:
569:
530:
518:
510:
465:
374:
336:
217:
174:
805:(ZONED) when decimal positions are specified within a data structure.
433:
Both languages were intended to facilitate ease of transition for IBM
4490:
4458:
4342:
3598:
3571:
3528:
3506:
3426:
1150:
The same program using free calculations available starting in V5R1:
789:
of a source line, the data type character would be encoded in column
742:
667:
With the release of RPG IV, the RPG name was officially no longer an
661:
598:
594:
582:
514:
481:
399:
363:
328:
317:
261:. It is most well known as the primary programming language of IBM's
221:
213:
190:
170:
142:
343:
series, Honeywell 6220 and 2020, Four-Phase IV/70 and IV/90 series,
224:, RPG/ILE; RPG/Free, Baby/36, Baby/400, Lattice RPG, VAX RPG II
4388:
1041:
Signed fixed-point decimal number with integer and fraction digits
1020:
Signed fixed-point decimal number with integer and fraction digits
4398:
4359:
4337:
3219:
688:
679:
541:
522:
461:
266:
138:
134:
4480:
3443:
3386:
3083:
3014:
938:
879:
602:
359:
194:
166:
146:
4271:
3127:
589:. RPG III was also available for larger systems including the
456:
The alternative languages generally available at the time were
4515:
4485:
3154:
2448:
2425:
2222:
2184:
2161:
449:
IBM later implemented RPG(7070-RG-902), but not FARGO, on the
324:
53:
3071:
2477:"Generating Random Numbers in ILE RPG Using the CEERAN0 API"
1102: year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microseconds
88:
RPG IV version 7 release 4 / October 6, 2020
2635:. International Business Machines Corporation. 8 May 2018.
2515:. International Business Machines Corporation. 8 May 2018.
1286:
The same program using free calculations and embedded SQL:
292:; RPG II became the primary programming language for their
3077:
3074: — A large number of code examples are available here
2605:. International Business Machines Corporation. June 2012.
2575:. International Business Machines Corporation. June 2012.
2545:. International Business Machines Corporation. June 2012.
797:
character is omitted, that is, left blank, the default is
3123:
2411:
but it says 1965, rather than the 1959 mentioned here.
660:) was released in 1994 as part of the V3R2 release of
354:
RPG II applications are still supported under the IBM
3030:. Fullerton, California: Anaheim Publishing Company.
2749:"5770-WDS IBM Rational Development Studio for i V7.4"
2719:"5770-WDS IBM Rational Development Studio for i V7.4"
552:
of other files or reports. Alternatively files, some
536:
In the early days of RPG, its major strength was the
2422:
7070/7074 Compiler Systems: Report Program Generator
2158:
7070/7074 Compiler Systems: Report Program Generator
16:
Report Program Generator programming language by IBM
4074:
4016:
3943:
3902:
3831:
3765:
3661:
3564:
3499:
3490:
3342:
3292:
3207:
3200:
3191:
3161:
628:or Data Entry RPG was exclusively available on the
228:
204:
120:
104:
81:
59:
47:
35:
3059:. IBM International Technical Support Organization
3023:
446:FARGO as the report generator program of choice.
3377:Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History
3120: — Status of the IBM RPG II product in z/OS
327:, Sperry Univac BC/7, Univac system 80, Siemens
2848:. International Business Machines Corporation.
2817:. International Business Machines Corporation.
2786:. International Business Machines Corporation.
2755:. International Business Machines Corporation.
2725:. International Business Machines Corporation.
2695:. International Business Machines Corporation.
4283:
3139:
8:
426:peration) was the predecessor to RPG on the
320:). There have also been implementations for
19:
3022:Shelly, Gary B.; Thomas J. Cashman (1977).
493:series of computers. It was later used on
4556:
4290:
4276:
4268:
3496:
3204:
3197:
3146:
3132:
3124:
807:
18:
2489:"How did we miss RPG IV's Coming of Age?"
673:Integrated Language Environment framework
3026:Introduction to Computer Programming RPG
2402:, IBM 1401 Data Processing System / 1959
544:and other business-centric languages.
2056:
835:1 to 16,773,100 bytes (varying-length)
765:RPG supports the following data types.
694:IBM Rational Developer for i (RDi), an
4630:Programming languages created in 1959
3512:Center for The Business of Government
2458:from the original on January 19, 2024
2232:from the original on January 19, 2024
2194:from the original on January 19, 2024
7:
4200:
934:1 to 8,386,550 characters (varying)
875:1 to 8,386,550 characters (varying)
741:The RPG IV language is based on the
2938:"Rational Open Access: RPG Edition"
489:was introduced about 1969 with the
4615:Data-centric programming languages
2918:from the original on 26 March 2019
2888:from the original on 7 August 2017
2821:from the original on 12 April 2022
919:Signed binary floating-point real
700:Integrated Development Environment
14:
3181:PC business acquisition by Lenovo
2852:from the original on 3 April 2022
2790:from the original on 3 April 2022
2759:from the original on 3 April 2022
2729:from the original on 3 April 2022
2699:from the original on 3 April 2022
2669:from the original on 8 March 2014
2639:from the original on 3 April 2022
2609:from the original on 3 April 2022
2579:from the original on 3 April 2022
2549:from the original on 3 April 2022
2519:from the original on 3 April 2022
2343:from the original on 3 April 2022
2279:. IBM. 2021-03-16. Archived from
2089:Tony Baritz; David Dunne (1991).
932:1 to 8,386,552 characters (fixed)
873:1 to 8,386,552 characters (fixed)
755:Rational Open Access: RPG Edition
4620:Procedural programming languages
4610:High-level programming languages
4584:
4583:
4555:
4210:
4209:
4199:
4190:
4189:
3879:Sabre airline reservation system
3725:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
726:programs with the help of IBM's
710:Continuing language enhancements
605:operating system running on the
27:
3392:Information Management Software
3118:RPG II for MVS, OS/390 and z/OS
2986:"RPG, Report Program Generator"
2944:from the original on 2024-02-29
2373:from the original on 2021-05-17
2314:from the original on 2020-11-12
2258:from the original on 2021-04-17
2139:from the original on 2021-04-23
2109:from the original on 2024-02-29
2092:AS/400--concepts and Facilities
2071:from the original on 2024-02-29
529:also produced a version on its
251:high-level programming language
4145:International chess tournament
3925:Globally integrated enterprise
3915:Commercial Processing Workload
2689:"IBM Rational Developer for i"
1130:Address to Activated Procedure
612:Since the introduction of the
549:Data Definition Specifications
1:
3884:Scanning tunneling microscope
833:1 to 16,773,104 bytes (fixed)
678:In 2001, with the release of
597:. It was also available from
257:, introduced in 1959 for the
3015:"The Modern RPG IV Language"
3004:DuCharme, Bob (2006-02-26).
2569:"ILE RPG Programmer's Guide"
1017:2 digits per byte plus sign
265:product line, including the
3752:Canada Head Office Building
3742:Cambridge Scientific Center
3634:Science Research Associates
3402:Mainframe operating systems
2599:"Who Should Use This Guide"
2129:"Is It Time To Rename RPG?"
1057:Time: hour, minute, second
65:; 65 years ago
4648:
3813:Virtual Universe Community
3534:International subsidiaries
3454:Service Automation Manager
3107:ILE RPG Programmer's Guide
2842:"IBM i Technology Refresh"
2811:"IBM i Technology Updates"
2225:. July 1973. GC24-3337-6.
2127:Alex Woodie (2020-08-24).
937:16-bit graphic character (
722:; it can be used to write
567:
479:
4551:
4328:
4305:
4185:
233:
211:
100:
77:
26:
3839:Automated teller machine
3793:The Great Mind Challenge
3176:Mergers and acquisitions
2967:"9PAC, Report Generator"
2665:. IBM Systems Magazine.
2367:migrationspecialties.com
2277:"Supported product list"
1664:
1294:
1158:
1079:Unsigned binary integer
878:16-bit UCS-2 character (
396:Report Program Generator
390:Originally developed by
22:Report Program Generator
3798:Linux Technology Center
2302:"ClearPath MCP Express"
898:Date: year, month, day
838:Alphanumeric character
830:Alphanumeric character
664:(now known as IBM i).
4123:Dynamic infrastructure
4088:Big Blue sports teams
3894:Universal Product Code
3013:Cozzi, Robert (1996).
2872:"RPG/400 User's Guide"
2629:"High Level Languages"
2065:"RPG ILE Introduction"
963:Signed binary integer
860:Signed binary integer
749:In 2010, IBM launched
581:and its successor the
4299:Programming languages
4255:Vacuum tube computers
4139:IBM and the Holocaust
4104:Common Public License
3989:Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
3772:Academy of Technology
3227:Power microprocessors
2333:"Visual RPG for .NET"
772:The character in the
439:unit record equipment
255:business applications
3869:Magnetic stripe card
3818:World Community Grid
3694:Toronto Software Lab
3350:Carbon Design System
3305:Cell microprocessors
2221:(Seventh ed.).
577:was created for the
4133:GUIDE International
3995:Samuel J. Palmisano
3854:Electronic keypunch
3678:One Atlantic Center
3648:Weather Underground
3644:The Weather Company
3093:IBM 1401 RPG manual
2539:"ILE RPG Reference"
2498:, ibmsystemsmag.com
2254:. IBM. 2020-08-03.
2252:"IBM DOS/VS RPG-II"
974:Character indicator
718:objects, and IBM i
560:") specifications.
362:operating systems,
296:product line, (the
60:First appeared
23:
4235:Personal computers
4225:Midrange computers
4215:Navigational boxes
4108:IBM Public License
4083:A Boy and His Atom
4041:Michelle J. Howard
3983:John Fellows Akers
3965:T. Vincent Learson
3672:1250 René-Lévesque
3412:Planning Analytics
2663:"Totally Free RPG"
2661:; Gantner, Susan.
2494:2017-03-03 at the
2451:. 1962. C28-6192.
2398:2012-01-24 at the
2187:. 1962. C28-6192.
2067:. IBM. June 2012.
1132:Address to Object
929:Graphic character
649:RPG IV and ILE RPG
593:mainframe running
533:operating system.
509:mainframe running
435:tabulating machine
394:in 1959, the name
335:, Hewlett Packard
331:, Burroughs B700,
4597:
4596:
4579:Non-English-based
4265:
4264:
4230:Operating systems
4092:American football
4061:Joseph R. Swedish
4056:Martha E. Pollack
3959:Thomas Watson Jr.
3920:Customer engineer
3844:Cynefin framework
3730:Hakozaki Facility
3689:Rome Software Lab
3657:
3656:
3486:
3485:
3439:Rational Software
3338:
3337:
3320:Personal Computer
3315:Midrange computer
2908:"EASY400 CGIDEV2"
2102:978-0-07-018301-8
1136:
1135:
1117:Procedure-Pointer
1076:8 bytes (64-bit)
1038:1 digit per byte
999:Object reference
996:Size undisclosed
960:8 bytes (64-bit)
916:8 bytes (64-bit)
857:8 bytes (64-bit)
730:Web toolkit, the
704:VisualAge for RPG
371:Microsoft Windows
294:midrange computer
263:midrange computer
244:
243:
199:Microsoft Windows
106:Typing discipline
4637:
4587:
4586:
4559:
4558:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4269:
4213:
4212:
4203:
4202:
4193:
4192:
3953:Thomas J. Watson
3874:Relational model
3823:Think conference
3704:330 North Wabash
3624:Microelectronics
3497:
3422:Quantum Platform
3367:Cognos Analytics
3205:
3198:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3114:
3112:
3100:
3098:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3041:
3029:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2981:
2979:
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2904:
2898:
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2685:
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2499:
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2403:
2388:
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2378:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2307:. Unisys. 2017.
2306:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
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2263:
2248:
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2239:
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2231:
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2086:
2080:
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2061:
2046:
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2034:
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2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
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2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
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1947:
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1797:
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1782:
1779:
1776:
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1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:'CUS001'
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
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1379:
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1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
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1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:'CUS001'
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
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1213:
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1207:
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1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1109:
1086:
1074:4 bytes (32-bit)
1072:2 bytes (16-bit)
1067:Integer numeric
1064:
1048:
1027:
1006:
990:
970:
958:4 bytes (32-bit)
956:2 bytes (16-bit)
951:Integer numeric
948:
926:
914:4 bytes (32-bit)
905:
889:
870:UCS-2 character
867:
855:4 bytes (32-bit)
845:
827:
808:
793:. Also, if the
753:, also known as
607:UNIVAC Series 90
345:Singer System 10
270:operating system
220:, RPG 400,
95:
93:
73:
71:
66:
31:
24:
4647:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4547:
4324:
4301:
4296:
4266:
4261:
4181:
4167:SHARE computing
4128:GlobalFoundries
4070:
4018:
4012:
3939:
3898:
3889:Financial swaps
3864:Hard disk drive
3827:
3761:
3735:Yamato Facility
3653:
3560:
3492:
3482:
3449:Tivoli Software
3334:
3288:
3187:
3157:
3152:
3113:. SC09-2507-10.
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3038:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2962:
2960:Further reading
2957:
2956:
2947:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2824:
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2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2496:Wayback Machine
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2400:Wayback Machine
2389:
2385:
2376:
2374:
2363:"Migration RPG"
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2140:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2103:
2095:. McGraw-Hill.
2088:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
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1927:
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1900:
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1876:
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1699:
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1669:
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1629:
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1599:
1596:
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1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
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1551:
1548:
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1539:
1536:
1533:
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1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
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1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
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1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
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1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1128:Address to Data
1119:
1115:
1107:
1101:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1046:
1037:
1036:1 to 63 digits,
1025:
1016:
1015:1 to 63 digits,
1004:
988:
982:
968:
959:
957:
955:
946:
933:
924:
915:
903:
887:
874:
865:
856:
854:
853:2 byte (16-bit)
852:
848:Binary numeric
843:
834:
825:
771:
763:
751:RPG Open Access
712:
651:
639:
623:
572:
566:
554:data structures
484:
478:
388:
383:
282:
96:
91:
89:
69:
67:
64:
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4207:
4197:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4152:
4150:Lucifer cipher
4147:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4066:Peter R. Voser
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Andrew Liveris
4048:
4046:Arvind Krishna
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4007:Arvind Krishna
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Smarter Planet
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3700:IBM Buildings
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3685:Software Labs
3683:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3674:, Montreal, QC
3665:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3639:Service Bureau
3636:
3631:
3629:Product Center
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:Ambra Computer
3591:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3397:Lotus Software
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3115:
3101:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3047:
3046:External links
3044:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2982:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2929:
2899:
2863:
2832:
2801:
2770:
2740:
2710:
2680:
2650:
2620:
2590:
2560:
2530:
2500:
2481:
2469:
2431:
2413:
2404:
2383:
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2324:
2293:
2268:
2243:
2205:
2167:
2149:
2119:
2101:
2081:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2049:
1665:
1295:
1288:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1121:System-Pointer
1113:Basing-Pointer
1110:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1070:1 byte (8-bit)
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1010:Packed decimal
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
985:
984:
979:
976:
971:
965:
964:
961:
954:1 byte (8-bit)
952:
949:
943:
942:
935:
930:
927:
921:
920:
917:
912:
909:Floating point
906:
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
884:
883:
876:
871:
868:
862:
861:
858:
851:1 byte (8-bit)
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
831:
828:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
762:
759:
711:
708:
650:
647:
638:
635:
622:
619:
591:IBM System/370
568:Main article:
565:
562:
507:IBM System/370
480:Main article:
477:
474:
443:control panels
410:ourteen-o-one
387:
384:
382:
379:
281:
278:
242:
241:
231:
230:
226:
225:
209:
208:
202:
201:
124:
118:
117:
108:
102:
101:
98:
97:
87:
85:
83:Stable release
79:
78:
75:
74:
61:
57:
56:
51:
45:
44:
42:Multi-paradigm
39:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4643:
4642:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4590:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4544:
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4527:
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4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4474:Object Pascal
4472:
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4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
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4427:
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4410:
4407:
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4400:
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4376:
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4327:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
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4300:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4256:
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4248:
4246:
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4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
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4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4208:
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4188:
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4170:
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4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
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4148:
4146:
4143:
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4140:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
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4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
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4089:
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4073:
4067:
4064:
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4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4026:Thomas Buberl
4024:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4001:Ginni Rometty
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3971:Frank T. Cary
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3933:
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3913:
3911:
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3789:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3757:IBM Rochester
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:, Chicago, IL
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3680:, Atlanta, GA
3679:
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3670:
3669:
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3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
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3592:
3588:
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3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3557:
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3535:
3532:
3530:
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3518:
3515:
3513:
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3508:
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3476:
3472:
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3455:
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3451:
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3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:Mashup Center
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
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3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:Power Systems
3230:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3099:. C24-3261-1.
3095:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3037:0-88236-225-9
3033:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2992:on 2011-04-15
2991:
2987:
2983:
2973:on 2010-12-24
2972:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2833:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2771:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2283:on 2021-05-02
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2082:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2050:
1663:
1293:
1287:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1098:Date and time
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1031:Zoned decimal
1029:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
987:
986:
980:
977:
975:
972:
967:
966:
962:
953:
950:
945:
944:
940:
936:
931:
928:
923:
922:
918:
913:
910:
907:
902:
901:
897:
894:
891:
886:
885:
881:
877:
872:
869:
864:
863:
859:
850:
847:
842:
841:
837:
832:
829:
824:
823:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
770:
766:
760:
758:
756:
752:
747:
744:
739:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
709:
707:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
648:
646:
643:
636:
634:
631:
627:
620:
618:
615:
614:IBM System/38
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
563:
561:
559:
555:
550:
545:
543:
539:
538:program cycle
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
447:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
385:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
279:
277:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
236:
232:
229:Influenced by
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:Burroughs MCP
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
107:
103:
99:
86:
84:
80:
76:
62:
58:
55:
52:
50:
46:
43:
40:
38:
34:
30:
25:
4625:IBM software
4574:Generational
4564:Alphabetical
4560:
4540:
4365:Visual Basic
4154:
4137:
4118:Deep Thought
4081:
4009:(since 2020)
3977:John R. Opel
3935:Think slogan
3776:Deep Thunder
3582:Kaleida Labs
3577:AIM alliance
3262:Q System Two
3257:Q System One
3106:
3104:IBM (2016).
3092:
3090:IBM (1964).
3072:Midrange.com
3061:. Retrieved
3025:
2994:. Retrieved
2990:the original
2975:. Retrieved
2971:the original
2946:. Retrieved
2932:
2920:. Retrieved
2911:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2878:
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2845:
2835:
2823:. Retrieved
2814:
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2783:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2752:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2722:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2692:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2632:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2602:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2572:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2542:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2512:
2503:
2484:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2440:
2434:
2421:
2416:
2407:
2391:
2386:
2375:. Retrieved
2366:
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2336:
2327:
2316:. Retrieved
2296:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:the original
2271:
2260:. Retrieved
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2214:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2176:
2170:
2157:
2152:
2141:. Retrieved
2133:itjungle.com
2132:
2122:
2111:. Retrieved
2091:
2084:
2073:. Retrieved
2059:
1661:
1291:
1285:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1139:Example code
983:'0' = FALSE
820:Description
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
768:
767:
764:
754:
750:
748:
740:
736:
713:
693:
683:
677:
666:
657:
653:
652:
641:
640:
625:
624:
611:
609:mainframes.
574:
573:
546:
537:
535:
486:
485:
455:
448:
432:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
395:
389:
353:
283:
273:
246:
245:
4569:Categorical
4250:Typewriters
4156:Mathematica
4097:Rugby union
4036:Alex Gorsky
4003:(2012–2020)
3997:(2002–2011)
3991:(1993–2002)
3985:(1985–1993)
3979:(1981–1985)
3973:(1973–1981)
3967:(1971–1973)
3961:(1956–1971)
3955:(1914–1956)
3903:Terminology
3859:Floppy disk
3803:SkillsBuild
3766:Initiatives
3747:IBM Hursley
3721:Facilities
3372:Connections
3242:FlashSystem
2912:Easy400.net
2462:January 19,
2428:. C28-6113.
2236:January 19,
2198:January 19,
2164:. C28-6113.
732:RPG Toolbox
684:free-format
587:subroutines
4604:Categories
4434:JavaScript
4310:Comparison
4245:System/370
4240:System/360
4031:David Farr
3930:e-business
3832:Inventions
3781:Develothon
3662:Facilities
3522:Promontory
3517:Consulting
3078:RPGPGM.COM
3063:2012-02-18
2996:2008-04-01
2977:2008-04-01
2948:2021-03-17
2780:"RPG Cafe"
2659:Paris, Jon
2377:2021-03-17
2318:2021-03-17
2287:2021-03-17
2262:2021-03-17
2143:2021-03-16
2113:2021-03-16
2075:2021-03-16
2051:References
1724:GetCustInf
1682:GetCustInf
1654:GetCustInf
1336:GetCustInf
1327:GetCustInf
1306:GetCustInf
981:'1' = TRUE
811:Data type
785:in column
761:Data types
669:initialism
470:System/360
422:eneration
386:Background
290:System/360
286:7070/72/74
92:2020-10-06
4531:Smalltalk
4113:Deep Blue
4019:directors
3478:WebSphere
3417:PureQuery
3325:Selectric
3300:Blue Gene
3215:Mainframe
2509:"RPG/400"
2479:, IBM.com
2024:committed
2021:currently
1633:committed
1630:currently
1125:16 bytes
1094:26 bytes
1090:Timestamp
941:or EGCS)
895:10 bytes
882:or EGCS)
795:data type
774:data type
656:, a.k.a.
579:System/38
503:System/36
499:System/34
495:System/32
458:Assembler
414:utomatic
314:System/36
310:System/38
306:System/34
302:System/32
280:Platforms
49:Developer
4589:Category
4355:Assembly
4315:Timeline
4195:Category
4162:IBM Plex
4017:Board of
3910:Big Blue
3710:Honolulu
3619:Merative
3604:EduQuest
3587:Taligent
3556:Research
3493:entities
3491:Business
3432:OpenQASM
3360:Cloudant
3330:ThinkPad
3253:Quantum
3201:Hardware
3193:Products
3084:RPG Open
2942:Archived
2922:26 March
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