1673:(STA), or client. The relay function allows an AP and stations to exchange frames with one another by the way of a relay. The introduction of a relay allows stations to use higher MCSs (Modulation and Coding Schemes) and reduce the time stations will stay in Active mode. This improves battery life of stations. Relay stations may also provide connectivity for stations located outside the coverage of the AP. There is an overhead cost on overall network efficiency and increased complexity with the use of relay stations. To limit this overhead, the relaying function shall be bi-directional and limited to two hops only.
1712:
the number of frame exchanges required for uplink and downlink data frames, and enable stations to extend battery lifetime by keeping Awake times short. This continuous frame exchange is done both uplink and downlink between the pair of stations. In earlier versions of the standard
Bidirectional TXOP was called Speed Frame Exchange.
1691:
among competing STAs. The AP can protect the expected duration of activity with various protection mechanisms. The use of TWT is negotiated between an AP and an STA. Target Wake Time may be used to reduce network energy consumption, as stations that use it can enter a doze state until their TWT arrives.
1690:
Target Wake Time (TWT) is a function that permits an AP to define a specific time or set of times for individual stations to access the medium. The STA (client) and the AP exchange information that includes an expected activity duration to allow the AP to control the amount of contention and overlap
1681:
Power-saving stations are divided into two classes: TIM stations and non-TIM stations. TIM stations periodically receive information about traffic buffered for them from the access point in the so-called TIM information element, hence the name. Non-TIM stations use the new Target Wake Time mechanism
1711:
Bidirectional TXOP allows an AP and non-AP (STA or client) to exchange a sequence of uplink and downlink frames during a reserved time (transmit opportunity or TXOP). This operation mode is intended to reduce the number of contention-based channel accesses, improve channel efficiency by minimizing
119:
model, especially concerning medium contention. A prominent aspect of 802.11ah is the behavior of stations that are grouped to minimize contention on the air media, use relay to extend their reach, use little power thanks to predefined wake/doze periods, are still able to send data at high speed
3429:
IEEE Standard for
Information technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 2: Sub 1 GHZ License Exempt
3799:
IEEE Standard for
Information Technology- Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems- Local and Metropolitan Area Networks- Specific Requirements Part Ii: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. (n.d.). doi:10.1109/ieeestd.2003.94282
1720:
The partition of the coverage area of a Basic
Service Set (BSS) into sectors, each containing a subset of stations, is called sectorization. This partitioning is achieved through a set of antennas or a set of synthesized antenna beams to cover different sectors of the BSS. The goal of the
1703:(BSS) into groups and restricting channel access only to stations belonging to a given group at any given time period. It helps to reduce contention and to avoid simultaneous transmissions from a large number of stations hidden from each other.
114:
traffic. The other purpose of the protocol is to allow low rate 802.11 wireless stations to be used in the sub-gigahertz spectrum. The protocol is one of the IEEE 802.11 technologies which is the most different from the
4526:
82:
and 6 GHz bands. It also benefits from lower energy consumption, allowing the creation of large groups of stations or sensors that cooperate to share signals, supporting the concept of the
1721:
sectorization is to reduce medium contention or interference by the reduced number of stations within a sector and/or to allow spatial sharing among overlapping BSS (OBSS) APs or stations.
3231:
extended operation of 802.11a to the licensed 3.7 GHz band. Increased power limits allow a range up to 5,000 m. As of 2009, it is only being licensed in the United States by the
120:
under some negotiated conditions and use sectored antennas. It uses the 802.11a/g specification that is down sampled to provide 26 channels, each of them able to provide 100 kbit/s
3297:
has become available for 802.11ax, these may decrease. Also, these theoretical values depend on the link distance, whether the link is line-of-sight or not, interferences and the
1777:
4021:
4733:
4163:
Aust, Stefan; Prasad, R Venkatesha; Niemegeers, Ignas GMM (2012). "IEEE 802.11 ah: Advantages in standards and further challenges for sub 1 GHz Wi-Fi".
5501:
3174:
3135:
3104:
3073:
3042:
2772:
2717:
1996:
3909:
3321:
to 3.2 microseconds, in order to support
Outdoor communications, where the maximum possible propagation delay is larger compared to Indoor environments.
4003:
4266:
3512:
1770:
4173:
4124:
Adame, Toni; Bel, Albert; Bellalta, Boris; Barcelo, Jaume; Oliver, Miquel (2014). "IEEE 802.11AH: the WiFi approach for M2M communications".
3445:
5537:
5527:
3484:
144:
Data rates up to 347 Mbit/s are achieved only with the maximum of four spatial streams using one 16 MHz-wide channel. Various
4376:
3831:
4802:
4321:
3853:
3764:
3232:
1908:
1763:
3537:
3663:
4501:
3170:
3131:
3100:
3069:
3038:
2914:
1903:
4783:
4025:
3464:
156:(MCS) index value. The table below shows the relationships between the variables that allow for the maximum data rate. The
4758:
4259:
2910:
153:
3961:
5167:
4728:
4431:
4346:
4326:
5570:
4299:
4275:
4203:
4088:
3813:
199:. The total bandwidth is 2 MHz with an occupied bandwidth of 1.78 MHz. Total symbol duration is 36 or 40
4067:
3564:
5137:
4336:
3975:
3000:
2979:
1947:
1883:
4571:
3516:
3265:; standard guard interval is ~10% slower. Rates vary widely based on distance, obstructions, and interference.
179:
with a carrier separation of 31.25 kHz (2 MHz/64) (32 μs). Each of these subcarriers can be a
5575:
4436:
4426:
4406:
4252:
3716:
3662:
Flores, Adriana B.; Guerra, Ryan E.; Knightly, Edward W.; Ecclesine, Peter; Pandey, Santosh (October 2013).
3154:
2369:
4748:
4309:
168:
124:. It can cover a one-kilometer radius. It aims at providing connectivity to thousands of devices under an
5542:
4665:
4401:
3382:
1666:
149:
3207:
This is obsolete, and support for this might be subject to removal in a future revision of the standard
3944:
5596:
4808:
4738:
4556:
4486:
3783:
The
Physical Layer of the IEEE 802.11p WAVE Communication Standard: The Specifications and Challenges
3781:
3694:
2826:
1734:
1670:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
4184:
4004:"IEEE 802.11ay: 1st real standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) via mmWave – Technology Blog"
2535:
2069:
1838:
1821:
1733:
which, unlike 802.11ah, operates in licensed bands. More specifically, 802.11af operates in the TV
110:
A benefit of 802.11ah is extended range, making it useful for rural communications and offloading
4690:
4566:
4151:
4133:
4050:
3744:
2930:
2185:
2180:
184:
180:
129:
121:
83:
5239:
5234:
5214:
5198:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5162:
5157:
5147:
5142:
4778:
4608:
3441:
3298:
3228:
2126:
2121:
2096:
2029:
2009:
1964:
1927:
1700:
5367:
5108:
5103:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4234:"Advances in IEEE 802.11 ah standardization for machine-type communications in sub-1GHz WLAN"
5132:
4798:
4218:
4143:
4103:
3983:
3891:
3433:
111:
60:
33:
23:
3839:
4561:
3976:"An Overview of China Millimeter-Wave Multiple Gigabit Wireless Local Area Network System"
2478:
1746:
3864:
2467:
3743:
Banerji, Sourangsu; Chowdhury, Rahul Singha. "On IEEE 802.11: Wireless LAN Technology".
5416:
4546:
4541:
4461:
4411:
3725:
3318:
3314:
3290:
3262:
157:
133:
5590:
5522:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5386:
5362:
5338:
5326:
5315:
5304:
5292:
5287:
5277:
5264:
5253:
4743:
4723:
4576:
4551:
4481:
4371:
4316:
4233:
3717:"Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n: Longer-Range, Faster-Throughput, Multimedia-Grade Wi-Fi Networks"
3670:
2920:
2818:
2740:
2689:
2643:
2593:
2565:
2462:
2353:
2260:
1730:
79:
4155:
5506:
5496:
5244:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5209:
5152:
4793:
4788:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4713:
3496:
2048:
176:
125:
3988:
3926:
3895:
3437:
5378:
5118:
4872:
4753:
4718:
4708:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4653:
4648:
4638:
4223:
4174:"A survey on IEEE 802.11 ah: an Enabling Networking Technology for Smart Cities"
4107:
1786:
200:
161:
3882:
2080:
2059:
5491:
5486:
4818:
4700:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4603:
145:
99:
4147:
5552:
5532:
5390:
4643:
4536:
4531:
4516:
4506:
4496:
4476:
4471:
4456:
4446:
4441:
4421:
4416:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4366:
4331:
4172:
Khorov, Evgeny; Lyakhov, Andrey; Krotov, Alexander; Guschin, Andrey (2014).
2842:
2147:
87:
4232:
Zhou, Yuan; Wang, Haiguang; Zheng, Shoukang; Lei, Zander
Zhongding (2013).
3465:"There's a new type of Wi-Fi, and it's designed to connect your smart home"
4823:
4595:
4586:
4304:
4294:
4289:
3814:"Wi-Fi Capacity Analysis for 802.11ac and 802.11n: Theory & Practice"
3400:
MCS 9 is not applicable to all channel width/spatial stream combinations.
2967:
67:
3538:"Which Technologies Does Wi-Fi HaLow Have The Best Potential To Disrupt"
5547:
5343:
5309:
5258:
5203:
5098:
5063:
5038:
5013:
5008:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4832:
4466:
4451:
3945:"Understanding IEEE 802.11ad Physical Layer and Measurement Challenges"
3360:
2508:
2393:
2358:
2293:
2270:
2265:
2208:
75:
64:
3317:
is 0.8 microseconds. However, 802.11ax extended the maximum available
1699:
Restricted Access Window allows partitioning of the stations within a
5410:
4882:
4877:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4511:
4341:
4238:
Communications
Workshops (ICC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on
3765:"The complete family of wireless LAN standards: 802.11 a, b, g, j, n"
95:
74:
networks, compared to conventional Wi-Fi networks operating in the
5268:
5123:
4658:
4521:
4361:
4138:
3749:
3366:
3294:
2899:
2582:
2396:
2296:
71:
4244:
4491:
4356:
4351:
3376:
3371:
2973:
2953:
2511:
2211:
1830:
172:
91:
4248:
3664:"IEEE 802.11af: A Standard for TV White Space Spectrum Sharing"
3379:
another low power long range wireless communication technology
2807:
2516:
2401:
2301:
2216:
2152:
1742:
1738:
196:
192:
188:
116:
4204:"IEEE 802.11 ah: A Long Range 802.11 WLAN at Sub 1 GHz"
4165:
Communications (ICC), 2012 IEEE International
Conference on
4089:"IEEE 802.11ah: A Long Range 802.11 WLAN at Sub 1 GHz"
3789:. World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science. 2014.
3485:
Wi-Fi
Alliance introduces low power, long range Wi-Fi HaLow
2684:
1825:
1669:(AP) is an entity that logically consists of a Relay and a
152:
rates are defined by the standard and are represented by a
51:
42:
3915:. Rohde & Schwarz GmbH. November 21, 2013. p. 14.
3649:
3625:
2735:
86:(IoT). The protocol's low power consumption competes with
4202:
Sun, Weiping; Choi, Munhwan; Choi, Sunghyun (July 2013).
3585:
3583:
3581:
2813:
1812:
4051:"802.11 Alternate PHYs A whitepaper by Ayman Mukaddam"
3910:"802.11ad - WLAN at 60 GHz: A Technology Introduction"
3695:"Official IEEE 802.11 working group project timelines"
1835:
45:
3601:
48:
5515:
5479:
5377:
5117:
4817:
4699:
4594:
4585:
4282:
1818:
39:
36:
3881:
3715:
1729:Another WLAN standard for sub-1 GHz bands is
3363:(pre-802.11 hardware with a 915 MHz variant)
2588:
2347:
3637:
3338:
3336:
3293:which is 0.8 microseconds. Since multi-user via
3224:
3222:
3309:
3307:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
2457:
4260:
3289:For single-user cases only, based on default
1771:
8:
3854:"IEEE 802.11ac: What Does it Mean for Test?"
3565:"Wi-Fi preps for 900 MHz with 802.11ah"
2905:
2174:
3613:
3589:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
1815:
1682:which enables reducing signaling overhead.
4591:
4267:
4253:
4245:
3883:"IEEE Standard for Information Technology"
3507:
3505:
3459:
3457:
1778:
1764:
1756:
4222:
4137:
3987:
3808:
3806:
3748:
3738:
3736:
2090:
207:a guard interval of 4 or 8 microseconds.
3830:Belanger, Phil; Biba, Ken (2007-05-31).
1745:bands between 54 and 790 MHz using
209:
3420:
3393:
3187:
3183:
2673:carrier, low-power single carrier
2632:carrier, low-power single carrier
2254:
2115:
175:subcarriers, 52 are for data and 4 are
4045:
4043:
1922:
160:(GI) is defined as the timing between
98:, and has the added benefit of higher
63:wireless networking standard. It uses
4024:. IEEE. pp. 2, 3. Archived from
3018:
2530:
7:
3980:IEICE Transactions on Communications
3497:Low power, long range Wi-Fi® for IoT
1839:
3927:"Connect802 - 802.11ac Discussion"
3628:, 4.3.2. Restricted Access Window.
3602:Aust, Prasad & Niemegeers 2012
26:protocol published in 2017 called
14:
3409:GI stands for the guard interval.
2855:
32:
3832:"802.11n Delivers Better Range"
3652:, 4.3.1. Virtual carrier sense.
3616:, p. 94, 5.2 Power Saving.
1826:
4211:Journal of ICT Standardization
4096:Journal of ICT Standardization
3863:. October 2013. Archived from
3515:. Qualcomm.com. Archived from
3330:Wake-up Radio (WUR) Operation.
3301:components in the environment.
2043:5,000 m (16,000 ft)
1986:divide by 2 and 4 for 10 and 5
211:Modulation and coding schemes
1:
3982:. E101.B (2): 262–276. 2018.
3487:; wi-fi.org; January 4, 2016.
2085:1,000 m (3,300 ft)
2064:1,000 m (3,300 ft)
1753:IEEE 802.11 network standards
4126:IEEE Wireless Communications
3989:10.1587/transcom.2017ISI0004
3896:10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8345727
3638:ZhouWang & ZhengLei 2013
3438:10.1109/IEEESTD.2017.7920364
1978:6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54
154:Modulation and Coding Scheme
16:Wireless networking protocol
4240:. IEEE. pp. 1269–1273.
4224:10.13052/jicts2245-800X.115
4167:. IEEE. pp. 6885–6889.
4108:10.13052/jicts2245-800X.115
3563:Tammy Parker (2013-09-02).
167:2 MHz channel uses an
5613:
5571:IEEE Standards Association
4183:. Elsevier. Archived from
4070:. IEEE P802.11. 2012-07-10
3499:; wi-fi.org; May 21, 2020.
3467:. theverge.com. 2016-01-04
3184:
3013:
1869:
1759:
235:
102:and wider coverage range.
70:to provide extended-range
5561:
3614:Sun, Choi & Choi 2013
3590:Sun, Choi & Choi 2013
3513:"Wi-Fi Advanced 802.11ah"
2895:
2841:
2805:
2587:
2578:
2410:120 m (390 ft)
2409:
2406:
2390:
2387:
2374:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2310:120 m (390 ft)
2309:
2306:
2290:
2287:
2278:
2275:
2259:
2253:
2224:
2221:
2205:
2202:
2193:
2190:
2179:
2173:
2161:250 m (820 ft)
2160:
2157:
2146:
2143:
2134:
2131:
2120:
2114:
2110:140 m (460 ft)
2004:120 m (390 ft)
1995:
1992:
1977:
1974:
1960:
1956:140 m (460 ft)
1917:100 m (330 ft)
1849:
1846:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1794:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
230:
225:
220:
215:
59:) as an amendment of the
4148:10.1109/MWC.2014.7000982
4102:(1): 83–108. July 2013.
3962:"802.11aj Press Release"
3567:. FierceWirelessTech.com
3216:For Japanese regulation.
3014:802.11 Standard rollups
2635:3.3 m (11 ft)
2222:35 m (115 ft)
2158:70 m (230 ft)
2107:38 m (125 ft)
2001:35 m (115 ft)
1953:35 m (115 ft)
1725:Comparison with 802.11af
1695:Restricted Access Window
128:. The protocol supports
5576:Category:IEEE standards
4181:Computer Communications
4022:"P802.11 Wireless LANs"
3342:For Chinese regulation.
3115:802.11-2020 (802.11md)
3084:802.11-2016 (802.11mc)
3053:802.11-2012 (802.11mb)
3022:802.11-2007 (802.11ma)
2407:30 m (98 ft)
2307:30 m (98 ft)
1914:20 m (66 ft)
3888:IEEE Std 802.11aj-2018
3669:. IEEE. Archived from
3383:List of WLAN channels
3165:Up to 9608 or 303336
253:16 MHz channels
4132:(6). IEEE: 144–152.
3640:, 4. Channel Access.
3126:Up to 866.7 or 6757
3095:Up to 866.7 or 6757
2568:(multi-carrier OOK)
1735:white space spectrum
171:of 64, of which: 56
132:(M2M) markets, like
68:license-exempt bands
4068:"TGaf PHY proposal"
4008:techblog.comsoc.org
250:8 MHz channels
247:4 MHz channels
244:2 MHz channels
241:1 MHz channels
236:Data rate (Mbit/s)
212:
24:wireless networking
3931:www.connect802.com
3697:. January 26, 2017
3650:Khorov et al. 2014
3626:Khorov et al. 2014
1707:Bidirectional TXOP
1671:networking station
1661:Relay Access Point
210:
130:machine to machine
84:Internet of things
5584:
5583:
5475:
5474:
3729:. September 2009.
3447:978-1-5044-3911-4
3351:
3350:
3229:IEEE 802.11y-2008
1789:network standards
1701:Basic Service Set
1653:
1652:
5604:
4592:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4246:
4241:
4228:
4226:
4208:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4189:
4178:
4168:
4159:
4141:
4112:
4111:
4093:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4047:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3885:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3838:. Archived from
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3810:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3722:
3719:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3668:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3544:. 30 August 2022
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3425:
3410:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3343:
3340:
3331:
3328:
3322:
3311:
3302:
3287:
3266:
3259:
3236:
3226:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3205:
2945:
2907:
2881:
2857:
2815:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2765:
2756:
2737:
2723:
2710:
2686:
2672:
2662:
2631:
2618:
2609:
2590:
2558:
2554:
2532:
2499:
2459:
2451:
2437:
2423:
2384:
2349:
2341:
2329:
2256:
2176:
2117:
2092:
1989:
1983:
1924:
1873:
1864:
1841:
1828:
1813:Frequency
1780:
1773:
1766:
1757:
1686:Target Wake Time
213:
112:cell phone tower
61:IEEE 802.11-2007
58:
57:
54:
53:
50:
47:
44:
41:
38:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5557:
5511:
5471:
5373:
5121:
5113:
4821:
4813:
4695:
4581:
4278:
4273:
4231:
4206:
4201:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4176:
4171:
4162:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4073:
4071:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3867:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3700:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3579:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3522:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3312:
3305:
3288:
3269:
3261:Based on short
3260:
3239:
3227:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3189:
3152:
2971:
2943:
2928:
2908:
2897:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2828:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2763:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2721:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2629:
2616:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2580:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2514:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2476:
2465:
2449:
2444:
2435:
2430:
2421:
2416:
2399:
2392:
2382:
2367:
2356:
2339:
2327:
2299:
2292:
2269:
2263:
2214:
2207:
2183:
2150:
2124:
2018:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1969:September 1999
1932:September 1999
1871:
1862:
1829:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1755:
1747:cognitive radio
1727:
1718:
1709:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1663:
1658:
232:
227:
222:
217:
142:
108:
35:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5610:
5608:
5600:
5599:
5589:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5383:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5313:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5272:
5262:
5250:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4829:
4827:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4276:IEEE standards
4274:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4229:
4199:
4169:
4160:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4080:
4059:
4039:
4013:
3995:
3967:
3953:
3936:
3918:
3901:
3890:. April 2018.
3873:
3870:on 2014-08-16.
3845:
3842:on 2008-11-24.
3822:
3802:
3792:
3773:
3756:
3732:
3726:Wi-Fi Alliance
3707:
3686:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3577:
3555:
3529:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3453:
3446:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3332:
3323:
3319:guard interval
3315:guard interval
3303:
3291:guard interval
3267:
3263:guard interval
3237:
3218:
3209:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:2.4, 5, 6, 60
3158:
3150:September 2024
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:December 2020
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:December 2016
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3004:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2923:
2918:
2903:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2824:
2823:February 2014
2821:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2791:
2780:
2770:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2715:
2712:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2667:
2664:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2623:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2599:
2598:December 2012
2596:
2591:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2504:
2501:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2471:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2389:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2362:
2351:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:December 2013
2189:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2119:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2074:December 2022
2072:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2034:November 2008
2032:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2014:November 2004
2012:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1984:MHz bandwidth,
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1941:1, 2, 5.5, 11
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1850:Outdoor
1848:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
947:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
903:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
727:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
639:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
463:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
419:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
229:
224:
219:
158:Guard interval
141:
138:
134:smart metering
107:
104:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5609:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
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4659:WiMAX · d · e
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4247:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4217:(1): 83–108.
4216:
4212:
4205:
4200:
4190:on 2015-07-24
4186:
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4069:
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4060:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4028:on 2017-12-06
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4009:
4005:
3999:
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3977:
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3733:
3728:
3727:
3718:
3711:
3708:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3676:on 2017-12-15
3672:
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3566:
3559:
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3539:
3533:
3530:
3519:on 2014-09-24
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3141:
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2965:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2926:December 2023
2924:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2901:
2894:
2890:
2887:
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2627:
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2597:
2595:
2592:
2584:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2540:October 2021
2539:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2491:
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2199:
2196:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2149:
2140:
2137:
2132:October 2009
2128:
2123:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2079:
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2071:
2068:
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2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
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1911:
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1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1847:Indoor
1845:
1832:
1823:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:IEEE 802.11af
1724:
1722:
1716:Sectorization
1715:
1713:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1676:
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1419:
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1398:
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1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
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1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
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1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
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1266:
1263:
1260:
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1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
948:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
904:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
728:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
640:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
596:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
464:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
420:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
376:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
332:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
288:
285:4 μs GI
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
239:
214:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
113:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
56:
29:
25:
21:
20:IEEE 802.11ah
5565:
5361:
5337:
5303:
5282:
5252:
5197:
4961:
4934:
4907:
4237:
4214:
4210:
4192:. Retrieved
4185:the original
4180:
4164:
4129:
4125:
4118:Bibliography
4099:
4095:
4083:
4072:. Retrieved
4062:
4030:. Retrieved
4026:the original
4016:
4007:
3998:
3979:
3970:
3956:
3939:
3930:
3921:
3904:
3887:
3876:
3865:the original
3860:
3848:
3840:the original
3836:Wi-Fi Planet
3835:
3825:
3795:
3782:
3776:
3759:
3724:
3710:
3699:. Retrieved
3689:
3678:. Retrieved
3671:the original
3657:
3645:
3633:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3569:. Retrieved
3558:
3546:. Retrieved
3541:
3532:
3521:. Retrieved
3517:the original
3492:
3480:
3469:. Retrieved
3428:
3423:
3405:
3396:
3326:
3313:The default
3212:
3149:
2999:
2966:
2936:800–1000 nm
2925:
2860:
2836:Up to 568.9
2760:Up to 303336
2625:
2549:0.0625, 0.25
2473:
2364:
2141:Up to 288.8
1907:
1878:
1749:technology.
1728:
1719:
1710:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1677:Power saving
1667:Access Point
1664:
1656:MAC features
282:8 μs GI
279:4 μs GI
276:8 μs GI
273:4 μs GI
270:8 μs GI
267:4 μs GI
264:8 μs GI
261:4 μs GI
258:8 μs GI
204:
201:microseconds
166:
148:schemes and
143:
126:access point
109:
76:2.4 GHz
65:900 MHz
27:
19:
18:
5597:IEEE 802.11
5138:legacy mode
3121:2.4, 5, 60
3090:2.4, 5, 60
3056:March 2012
3025:March 2007
2987:850–900 nm
2980:802.11-1997
2806:Sub 1 GHz (
2705:Up to 15015
2694:April 2018
2648:April 2018
2555:kbit/s, 250
2506:Multi-link
2486:42, 60, 71
2484:2.4, 5, 6,
2318:Up to 2294
2285:Up to 1147
2249:Up to 6933
2241:Up to 3467
2233:Up to 1600
1884:802.11-1997
1836:Modulation
177:pilot tones
106:Description
28:Wi-Fi HaLow
5516:Superseded
4587:802 series
4194:2015-07-23
4074:2013-12-29
3701:2017-02-12
3680:2013-12-29
3571:2014-06-25
3523:2014-06-25
3471:2015-01-04
3416:References
3299:multi-path
3064:Up to 150
2984:June 1997
2876:Up to 8.67
2751:Up to 8640
2745:July 2021
2657:Up to 3754
2613:Up to 8085
2448:Up to 46.1
2445:(160+160)
2381:Up to 11.5
2375:2.4, 5, 6
2338:Up to 11.0
2279:2.4, 5, 6
2200:Up to 693
2169:Up to 600
2101:June 2003
2053:July 2010
1975:5, 10, 20
1888:June 1997
1816:Bandwidth
1795:Frequency
226:Modulation
146:modulation
140:Data rates
122:throughput
100:data rates
80:5 GHz
5391:Bluetooth
4139:1402.4675
3861:LitePoint
3750:1307.2661
3430:Operation
3146:802.11me
3033:Up to 54
2942:Up to 9.6
2868:0.7, 0.8,
2865:May 2017
2843:MIMO-OFDM
2431:(160+80)
2326:Up to 5.5
2276:May 2021
2148:MIMO-OFDM
1822:data rate
1805:Protocol
88:Bluetooth
5591:Category
5566:See also
5523:754-1985
5480:Proposed
4824:Ethernet
4310:Revision
4156:13510385
3542:Newracom
3359:Classic
3354:See also
2921:802.11bb
2861:802.11ah
2833:6, 7, 8
2819:802.11af
2779:carrier
2775:, single
2766:Gbit/s)
2741:802.11ay
2724:carrier
2720:, single
2711:Gbit/s)
2690:802.11aj
2663:Gbit/s)
2644:802.11aj
2628:, single
2619:Gbit/s)
2594:802.11ad
2559:kbit/s)
2536:802.11ba
2500:Gbit/s)
2474:May 2028
2463:802.11bn
2434:Up to 35
2420:Up to 23
2417:(80+80)
2365:Sep 2024
2354:802.11be
2271:Wi-Fi 6E
2261:802.11ax
2181:802.11ac
2077:5.9, 60
2070:802.11bd
2017:4.9, 5.0
1833:streams
1808:Release
1799:or type
1665:A Relay
223:Streams
205:includes
203:, which
5507:P1906.1
5368:Wi-Fi 8
5344:Wi-Fi 7
5310:Wi-Fi 6
5259:Wi-Fi 5
5204:Wi-Fi 4
4283:Current
3548:1 March
3361:WaveLAN
3059:2.4, 5
3028:2.4, 5
3019:
2946:Gbit/s
2579:mmWave
2543:2.4, 5
2509:MU-MIMO
2494:100000
2468:Wi-Fi 8
2452:Gbit/s
2438:Gbit/s
2424:Gbit/s
2394:MU-MIMO
2385:Gbit/s
2359:Wi-Fi 7
2350:-OFDMA
2342:Gbit/s
2330:Gbit/s
2294:MU-MIMO
2266:Wi-Fi 6
2257:-OFDMA
2209:MU-MIMO
2186:Wi-Fi 5
2135:2.4, 5
2127:Wi-Fi 4
2122:802.11n
2097:802.11g
2049:802.11p
2030:802.11y
2010:802.11j
1980:(for 20
1965:802.11a
1950:, DSSS
1928:802.11b
1923:HR/DSSS
1840:Approx.
1797:range,
1737:in the
1616:256-QAM
1572:256-QAM
1176:256-QAM
1132:256-QAM
739:1/2 x 2
692:256-QAM
648:256-QAM
221:Spatial
195:or 256-
162:symbols
5411:Zigbee
5379:802.15
5119:802.11
4357:1149.1
4154:
4032:Dec 6,
3444:
2944:
2896:Light
2880:
2827:0.054–
2799:
2797:m (328
2795:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2764:
2755:
2722:
2709:
2671:
2669:single
2661:
2630:
2617:
2608:
2557:
2553:
2546:4, 20
2515:(8192-
2498:
2492:Up to
2450:
2436:
2422:
2400:(4096-
2383:
2340:
2335:80+80
2328:
2300:(1024-
2177:-OFDM
2118:-OFDM
2093:-OFDM
1988:
1982:
1877:DSSS,
1872:
1863:Mbit/s
1858:(MHz)
1855:(GHz)
1842:range
1819:Stream
1787:802.11
1528:64-QAM
1484:64-QAM
1440:64-QAM
1396:16-QAM
1352:16-QAM
1088:64-QAM
1044:64-QAM
1000:64-QAM
956:16-QAM
912:16-QAM
604:64-QAM
560:64-QAM
516:64-QAM
472:16-QAM
428:16-QAM
231:Coding
218:index
150:coding
96:Zigbee
94:, and
5502:P1823
5497:P1699
5492:P1619
5487:P1363
5269:WiGig
5133:-1997
5124:Wi-Fi
4833:-1983
4819:802.3
4701:802.1
4577:42010
4572:29148
4567:16326
4562:16085
4557:14764
4552:12207
4547:11073
4207:(PDF)
4188:(PDF)
4177:(PDF)
4152:S2CID
4134:arXiv
4092:(PDF)
4054:(PDF)
3948:(PDF)
3913:(PDF)
3868:(PDF)
3857:(PDF)
3817:(PDF)
3787:(PDF)
3768:(PDF)
3745:arXiv
3721:(PDF)
3674:(PDF)
3667:(PDF)
3389:Notes
3367:DASH7
3295:OFDMA
2993:1, 2
2900:Li-Fi
2882:MHz)
2873:1–16
2786:m (33
2757:GHz)
2753:(8.64
2702:1080
2659:(3.75
2654:1080
2610:GHz)
2606:(2.16
2583:WiGig
2551:(62.5
2397:OFDMA
2391:UL/DL
2297:OFDMA
2291:UL/DL
2215:(256-
2081:500 m
2060:200 m
1990:MHz)
1961:OFDM
1897:1, 2
1810:date
1625:13.34
1385:78.0
1341:58.5
1297:39.0
1253:19.5
989:78.0
945:52.0
901:39.0
857:26.0
813:13.0
725:86.7
681:78.0
637:65.0
593:58.5
549:52.0
505:39.0
461:26.0
417:19.5
373:13.0
233:rate
228:type
191:, 64-
187:, 16-
72:Wi-Fi
22:is a
5553:1471
5548:1364
5543:1362
5538:1233
5533:1219
4803:LACP
4542:2050
4537:2030
4532:1905
4527:1904
4522:1902
4517:1901
4512:1900
4507:1855
4502:1850
4497:1849
4492:1815
4487:1801
4482:1800
4477:1733
4472:1722
4467:1685
4462:1675
4457:1667
4452:1666
4447:1619
4442:1613
4437:1603
4432:1596
4427:1588
4422:1584
4417:1547
4412:1541
4407:1516
4402:1497
4397:1451
4392:1394
4387:1355
4382:1284
4377:1278
4372:1275
4367:1164
4362:1154
4352:1076
4347:1016
4342:1014
4337:1003
4034:2017
3550:2023
3442:ISBN
3377:LoRa
3372:IEEE
3175:OFDM
3171:DSSS
3155:est.
3136:OFDM
3132:DSSS
3105:OFDM
3101:DSSS
3074:OFDM
3070:DSSS
3043:OFDM
3039:DSSS
2974:IrDA
2954:OFDM
2931:est.
2870:0.9
2829:0.79
2814:TVHT
2801:ft)
2790:ft)
2773:OFDM
2762:(303
2736:EDMG
2718:OFDM
2700:540,
2685:CMMG
2626:OFDM
2604:2160
2512:OFDM
2496:(100
2489:320
2479:est.
2370:est.
2246:160
2212:OFDM
2151:(64-
2104:2.4
2056:5.9
2037:3.7
1997:OFDM
1935:2.4
1909:FHSS
1904:DSSS
1891:2.4
1879:FHSS
1874:GHz
1831:MIMO
1827:Max.
1802:PHY
1741:and
1637:60.0
1634:54.0
1631:28.9
1628:26.0
1622:12.0
1605:234
1593:54.0
1590:48.6
1587:26.0
1584:23.4
1581:12.0
1578:10.8
1561:195
1555:97.5
1552:87.8
1549:45.0
1546:40.5
1543:21.7
1540:19.5
1537:10.0
1517:176
1505:40.5
1502:36.5
1499:19.5
1496:17.6
1473:156
1467:78.0
1464:70.2
1461:36.0
1458:32.4
1455:17.3
1452:15.6
1429:117
1423:58.5
1420:52.7
1417:27.0
1414:24.3
1411:13.0
1408:11.7
1382:70.2
1379:39.0
1376:35.1
1373:18.0
1370:16.2
1367:8.67
1338:52.7
1335:29.3
1332:26.3
1329:13.5
1326:12.2
1320:5.85
1308:QPSK
1294:35.1
1291:19.5
1288:17.6
1279:4.33
1264:QPSK
1250:17.6
1247:9.75
1244:8.78
1238:4.05
1235:2.17
1232:1.95
1220:BPSK
1209:173
1203:86.7
1200:78.0
1197:40.0
1194:36.0
1185:8.89
1165:156
1159:78.0
1156:70.2
1153:36.0
1150:32.4
1147:17.3
1144:15.6
1121:130
1115:65.0
1112:58.5
1109:30.0
1106:27.0
1103:14.4
1100:13.0
1097:6.67
1077:117
1071:58.5
1068:52.7
1065:27.0
1062:24.3
1059:13.0
1056:11.7
1033:104
1030:93.6
1027:52.0
1024:46.8
1021:24.0
1018:21.6
1015:11.6
1012:10.4
1009:5.34
986:70.2
983:39.0
980:35.1
977:18.0
974:16.2
971:8.67
942:46.8
939:26.0
936:23.4
933:12.0
930:10.8
927:5.78
921:2.67
898:35.1
895:19.5
892:17.6
883:4.33
868:QPSK
854:23.4
851:13.0
848:11.7
839:2.89
833:1.34
824:QPSK
810:11.7
804:5.85
795:1.44
789:0.67
780:BPSK
745:0.17
742:0.15
736:BPSK
722:78.0
719:43.3
716:39.0
713:20.0
710:18.0
701:4.44
678:70.2
675:39.0
672:35.1
669:18.0
666:16.2
663:8.67
634:58.5
631:32.5
628:29.3
625:15.0
622:13.5
619:7.22
613:3.34
590:52.7
587:29.3
584:26.3
581:13.5
578:12.2
572:5.85
546:46.8
543:26.0
540:23.4
537:12.0
534:10.8
531:5.78
525:2.67
502:35.1
499:19.5
496:17.6
487:4.33
458:23.4
455:13.0
452:11.7
443:2.89
437:1.33
414:17.6
411:9.75
408:8.78
402:4.05
399:2.17
396:1.95
384:QPSK
370:11.7
364:5.85
355:1.44
349:0.67
340:QPSK
329:6.5
326:5.85
323:3.25
320:2.93
314:1.35
311:0.72
308:0.65
305:0.33
296:BPSK
185:QPSK
181:BPSK
173:OFDM
92:LoRa
5528:830
5452:.4z
5447:.4g
5442:.4f
5437:.4e
5432:.4d
5427:.4c
5422:.4b
5417:.4a
4744:Qbb
4739:Qaz
4734:Qay
4729:Qat
4724:Qav
4691:.24
4686:.22
4681:.21
4676:.20
4671:.18
4666:.17
4654:.16
4649:.14
4644:.12
4639:.10
4596:802
4332:896
4327:829
4322:828
4317:854
4305:754
4300:730
4295:693
4290:488
4219:doi
4144:doi
4104:doi
3984:doi
3892:doi
3434:doi
3233:FCC
3001:PPM
2939:20
2915:OWC
2911:VLC
2878:(@2
2856:S1G
2808:IoT
2793:100
2748:60
2707:(15
2697:45
2651:60
2601:60
2589:DMG
2566:OOK
2531:WUR
2517:QAM
2503:16
2458:UHR
2443:320
2429:240
2415:160
2402:QAM
2388:16
2378:80
2348:EHT
2323:80
2315:40
2302:QAM
2282:20
2238:80
2230:40
2217:QAM
2197:20
2175:VHT
2166:40
2153:QAM
2138:20
2091:ERP
1948:CCK
1938:22
1894:22
1870:1–7
1743:UHF
1739:VHF
1643:130
1640:117
1619:5/6
1602:211
1599:117
1596:105
1575:3/4
1558:176
1534:9.0
1531:5/6
1514:158
1493:9.0
1490:8.1
1487:3/4
1470:140
1449:8.0
1446:7.2
1443:2/3
1426:105
1405:6.0
1402:5.4
1399:3/4
1364:7.8
1361:4.0
1358:3.6
1355:1/2
1323:6.5
1317:3.0
1314:2.7
1311:3/4
1285:9.0
1282:8.1
1276:3.9
1273:2.0
1270:1.8
1267:1/2
1241:4.5
1229:1.0
1226:0.9
1223:1/2
1206:156
1182:8.0
1179:5/6
1162:140
1141:8.0
1138:7.2
1135:3/4
1118:117
1094:6.0
1091:5/6
1074:105
1053:6.0
1050:5.4
1047:3/4
1006:4.8
1003:2/3
968:7.8
965:4.0
962:3.6
959:3/4
924:5.2
918:2.4
915:1/2
889:9.0
886:8.1
880:3.9
877:2.0
874:1.8
871:3/4
845:6.0
842:5.4
836:2.6
830:1.2
827:1/2
807:6.5
801:3.0
798:2.7
792:1.3
786:0.6
783:1/2
698:4.0
695:5/6
660:7.8
657:4.0
654:3.6
651:3/4
616:6.5
610:3.0
607:5/6
575:6.5
569:3.0
566:2.7
563:3/4
528:5.2
522:2.4
519:2/3
493:9.0
490:8.1
484:3.9
481:2.0
478:1.8
475:3/4
449:6.0
446:5.4
440:2.6
434:1.2
431:1/2
405:4.5
393:1.0
390:0.9
387:3/4
367:6.5
361:3.0
358:2.7
352:1.3
346:0.6
343:1/2
317:1.5
302:0.3
299:1/2
216:MCS
197:QAM
193:QAM
189:QAM
169:FFT
117:LAN
5593::
5467:.7
5462:.6
5457:.5
5407:.4
5402:.3
5397:.2
5387:.1
5363:bn
5358:bk
5355:bi
5352:bh
5349:bf
5339:be
5334:bd
5331:bc
5327:bb
5323:ba
5320:az
5316:ay
5305:ax
5300:aq
5297:ak
5293:aj
5288:ai
5283:ah
5278:af
5274:ae
5265:ad
5254:ac
5249:aa
5109:df
5104:de
5099:dd
5094:db
5089:da
5084:cz
5079:cy
5074:cx
5069:cw
5064:cv
5059:cu
5054:ct
5049:cs
5044:cr
5039:cq
5034:cp
5029:cn
5024:cm
5019:ck
5014:ch
5009:cg
5004:ce
4999:cd
4994:cc
4989:cb
4984:ca
4979:bz
4974:by
4969:bu
4963:bt
4957:ba
4952:az
4947:av
4942:au
4936:at
4930:aq
4925:an
4920:ak
4915:ah
4909:af
4903:ae
4898:ad
4893:ac
4888:ab
4809:BA
4799:AX
4794:AS
4789:aq
4784:ak
4779:ah
4774:ag
4769:AE
4764:ad
4759:AB
4634:.9
4629:.8
4624:.7
4619:.6
4614:.5
4609:.4
4604:.2
4236:.
4213:.
4209:.
4179:.
4150:.
4142:.
4130:21
4128:.
4098:.
4094:.
4042:^
4006:.
3978:.
3929:.
3886:.
3859:.
3834:.
3805:^
3735:^
3723:.
3580:^
3540:.
3504:^
3456:^
3440:.
3432:.
3335:^
3306:^
3270:^
3240:^
3221:^
3190:^
3173:,
3157:)
3134:,
3103:,
3072:,
3041:,
3009:?
3006:?
2996:—
2990:?
2976:)
2968:IR
2961:?
2958:?
2952:O-
2949:—
2933:)
2917:)
2906:LC
2902:)
2891:?
2888:?
2885:4
2850:?
2847:?
2839:4
2810:)
2782:10
2769:8
2730:?
2727:?
2714:4
2679:?
2676:?
2666:—
2638:?
2622:—
2615:(8
2585:)
2574:?
2571:?
2562:—
2525:?
2522:?
2519:)
2481:)
2470:)
2404:)
2372:)
2361:)
2304:)
2288:8
2273:)
2255:HE
2225:?
2219:)
2206:DL
2203:8
2194:5
2188:)
2155:)
2144:4
2129:)
2116:HT
2040:?
2024:?
2021:?
1993:—
1972:5
1944:—
1906:,
1900:—
1865:)
1649:—
769:—
730:10
183:,
164:.
136:.
90:,
78:,
52:oʊ
43:eɪ
5413:)
5409:(
5393:)
5389:(
5370:)
5366:(
5346:)
5342:(
5312:)
5308:(
5271:)
5267:(
5261:)
5257:(
5245:z
5240:y
5235:w
5230:v
5225:u
5220:s
5215:r
5210:p
5206:)
5202:(
5199:n
5193:k
5188:j
5183:i
5178:h
5173:g
5168:f
5163:e
5158:d
5153:c
5148:b
5143:a
5126:)
5122:(
4883:z
4878:y
4873:x
4868:u
4863:j
4858:i
4853:e
4848:d
4843:b
4838:a
4826:)
4822:(
4805:)
4801:(
4754:X
4749:w
4719:Q
4714:p
4709:D
4268:e
4261:t
4254:v
4227:.
4221::
4215:1
4197:.
4158:.
4146::
4136::
4110:.
4106::
4100:1
4077:.
4056:.
4036:.
4010:.
3992:.
3986::
3964:.
3950:.
3933:.
3898:.
3894::
3819:.
3770:.
3753:.
3747::
3704:.
3683:.
3604:.
3592:.
3574:.
3552:.
3526:.
3474:.
3450:.
3436::
3235:.
3153:(
2972:(
2929:(
2913:/
2909:(
2898:(
2581:(
2477:(
2466:(
2368:(
2357:(
2268:,
2264:(
2184:(
2125:(
1861:(
1779:e
1772:t
1765:v
1646:—
1613:3
1610:9
1569:3
1566:8
1525:3
1522:7
1511:—
1508:—
1481:3
1478:6
1437:3
1434:5
1393:3
1390:4
1349:3
1346:3
1305:3
1302:2
1261:3
1258:1
1217:3
1214:0
1191:—
1188:—
1173:2
1170:9
1129:2
1126:8
1085:2
1082:7
1041:2
1038:6
997:2
994:5
953:2
950:4
909:2
906:3
865:2
862:2
821:2
818:1
777:2
774:0
766:—
763:—
760:—
757:—
754:—
751:—
748:—
733:1
707:—
704:—
689:1
686:9
645:1
642:8
601:1
598:7
557:1
554:6
513:1
510:5
469:1
466:4
425:1
422:3
381:1
378:2
337:1
334:1
293:1
290:0
55:/
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