381:
The certificate_request message is included when the server desires the peer to authenticate itself via public key. While the EAP server SHOULD require peer authentication, this is not mandatory, since there are circumstances in which peer authentication will not be needed (e.g., emergency services,
90:
covers the cases where that device is not pre-authorized. A network will be able to allow access based on the user's relationship with an external network (e.g. hotspot roaming agreements), or indicate that online enrollment is possible, or allow access to a strictly limited set of services such as
65:
Provides Access
Network Query Protocol (ANQP), which is a query and response protocol used by a mobile device to discover a range of information, including the hotspot operator's domain name (a globally unique, machine-searchable data element); roaming partners accessible via the hotspot along with
111:
Because a relatively sophisticated set of conditions can be presented, arbitrary contracts could be presented to the user, and might include providing information on motive, demographics or geographic origin of the user. As such data is valuable to tourism promotion and other public functions,
61:
which provides for Layer 2 transport of an advertisement protocol's frames between a mobile device and a server in the network prior to authentication. The access point is responsible for the relay of a mobile device's query to a server in the carrier's network and for delivering the server's
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certificates without giving the option to disable the requirement, even though the standard does not mandate their use, which some have identified as having the potential to dramatically reduce adoption of EAP-TLS and prevent "open" but encrypted access points.
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From a user perspective, the aim is to improve the experience of a traveling user who turns on a laptop in a hotel many miles from home, or uses a mobile device to place a phone call. Instead of being presented with a long list of largely meaningless
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handoff, also need a unified and reliable way to authorize their access to all of those networks. 802.11u provides a common abstraction that all networks regardless of protocol can use to provide a common authentication experience.
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The IEEE 802.11u requirements specification contains requirements in the areas of enrollment, network selection, emergency call support, emergency alert notification, user traffic segmentation, and service advertisement.
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Provides for the discovery of suitable networks (preassociation) through the advertisement of access network type {private network, free public network, for-fee public network}, roaming consortium, and venue
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their credential type and EAP method supported for authentication; IP address type availability (for example, IPv4, IPv6); and other metadata useful in a mobile device's network selection process.
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the user could be presented with a list of networks, the services they provide, and the conditions under which the user could access them. 802.11u is central to the adoption of
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This provides a mapping between the IP's differentiated services code point (DSCP) to over-the-air Layer 2 priority on a per-device basis, facilitating end-to-end QoS.
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There have been proposals to use IEEE 802.11u for access points to signal that they allow
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currently makes an assumption that a user's device is pre-authorized to use the network.
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for mobile communication devices such as laptop computers or multi-mode phones to join a
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37:(WLAN) widely used in the home, public hotspots and commercial establishments.
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uses IEEE 802.11u in its "Wi-Fi
Certified Passpoint" program, also known as "
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as described in ), or where the peer will authenticate via some other means.
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standard to add features that improve interworking with external networks.
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using only server-side authentication. Unlike most TLS implementations of
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emergency services (client to authority and authority to client.)
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The IEEE 802.11u standard was published on
February 25, 2011.
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802.11u is thought to motivate more extensive deployment of
250:"Wi-Fi Passpoint Standard Will End Hotspot Sign-Ons"
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403:"Number Entries" Wi-Fi Dictionary and Encyclopedia
103:and other approaches to network mobile devices.
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373:RFC 5216: The EAP-TLS Authentication Protocol
8:
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120:Mobile cellular network off-load to Wi-Fi
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327:Byrd, Christopher (1 November 2011).
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79:For users who are not pre-authorized
59:Generic Advertisement Service (GAS),
44:Some amendments added to IEEE 802.11
248:Parrish, Kevin (23 February 2012).
14:
348:Byrd, Christopher (5 May 2010).
294:Tofel, Kevin C. (11 June 2013).
377:Internet Engineering Task Force
49:Network discovery and selection
1:
273:Brodkin, Jon (11 June 2013).
62:response back to the mobile.
35:wireless local area network
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1734:IEEE Standards Association
329:"Open Secure Wireless 2.0"
230:Media Independent Handover
107:Encourages mesh deployment
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159:". Apple devices running
1739:Category:IEEE standards
19:is an amendment to the
350:"Open Secure Wireless"
198:Generic Access Network
133:Mandatory requirements
26:802.11 is a family of
163:support Hotspot 2.0.
71:QoS map distribution
31:technical standards
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17:IEEE 802.11u-2011
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304:. Archived from
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179:, such as major
116:mesh networks.
21:IEEE 802.11-2007
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439:IEEE standards
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392:External links
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308:on 7 July 2017
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356:. Retrieved
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332:. Retrieved
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310:. Retrieved
306:the original
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289:
280:Ars Technica
278:
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253:
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181:web browsers
170:
150:
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114:IEEE 802.11s
110:
93:
88:IEEE 802.11u
87:
82:
74:
55:information.
39:
25:
16:
15:
1760:IEEE 802.11
1301:legacy mode
255:Tom's Guide
228:IEEE 802.21
157:Hotspot 2.0
147:Hotspot 2.0
84:IEEE 802.11
1679:Superseded
750:802 series
358:2017-05-04
334:2017-05-04
235:References
1554:Bluetooth
312:15 August
1754:Category
1729:See also
1686:754-1985
1643:Proposed
987:Ethernet
473:Revision
192:See also
1670:P1906.1
1531:Wi-Fi 8
1507:Wi-Fi 7
1473:Wi-Fi 6
1422:Wi-Fi 5
1367:Wi-Fi 4
446:Current
173:EAP-TLS
167:EAP-TLS
1574:Zigbee
1542:802.15
1282:802.11
520:1149.1
301:GigaOm
126:802.21
1665:P1823
1660:P1699
1655:P1619
1650:P1363
1432:WiGig
1296:-1997
1287:Wi-Fi
996:-1983
982:802.3
864:802.1
740:42010
735:29148
730:16326
725:16085
720:14764
715:12207
710:11073
353:(PDF)
223:EV-DO
185:X.509
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