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Pilot licensing in the United Kingdom

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flight time. Where a simulator is permitted, no more than 100 hours (of which 25 may be in basic instrument training devices) may be credited towards the issue of the licence. Of the 1,500 hours, the applicant is to have completed 250 hours as PIC of which 150 may be PICUS (pilot-in-command under supervision), 200 hours cross-country of which 100 must be as PIC or PICUS, 75 hours instrument time of which not more than 30 may be instrument ground time, 100 hours night flight as PIC or co-pilot and 500 hours in multi-pilot operations in aeroplanes with a maximum take-off weight of at least 5700 kg.
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have completed an approved course of aeroplanes) including 100 hours flying experience acting as the pilot in command (abbreviated to 70 hours for applicants who have completed an approved course of aeroplanes), 20 hours cross-country flying experience with at least one solo flight of not fewer than 300 nautical miles with full-stop landings at two or more different aerodromes, 10 hours instrument instruction of which no more than five may be instrument ground time and five hours of night instruction including five take-offs and landings if the privileges are to be exercised at night.
307:, i.e. any form of reward, either financial or in kind. However, subject to national restrictions governing the soliciting of passengers to be carried on board an aircraft operated by a PPL holder, and in addition to several other requirements, a PPL holder may carry passengers who make a remunerative contribution toward the direct cost of the flights. 627:
In the United Kingdom in 2021, there were 9723 holders of the UK Part-FCL ATPL(A), of which 484 were women, and 5183 holders of the UK Part-FCL CPL(A), of which 339 were women. There were 13197 holders of the UK Part-FCL PPL(A), 1945 holders of the UK Part-FCL LAPL(A), 9275 holders of the UK PPL(A),
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The Instrument Rating (Restricted) is a simplified version of the IR with fewer privileges. The IR(R) allows flight in IMC but only in certain classes of airspace and with restrictions on conditions for take-off and landing. It is a national rating, meaning it is not ordinarily recognised outside the
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A flying instructor rating may be included, subject to requirements under UK Part-FCL being satisfied, in a UK Part-FCL PPL provided the applicant has successfully completed a number of additional examinations, training course and assessment. Such a person giving instruction in flying training may be
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licence meaning the holder is limited to operating only UK-registered aircraft and it cannot be used outside of the UK without permission from the regulatory authorities of any foreign jurisdictions whose airspace the holder intends to operate into. The holder, when operating under the privileges of
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To fly most light aircraft, a pilot must have a valid Single Engine Piston (SEP) or Multi Engine Piston (MEP) rating. These are class ratings. A Single Engine Piston rating lasts 24 months, when the pilot must pass a proficiency check with an examiner, or demonstrate meeting the minimum flight time
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Applicants for a commercial pilot licence must be at least 18 years old, hold a valid UK Part-FCL Class 1 medical certificate, have met the specified practical and theoretical training requirements laid down in UK Part-FCL: including at least 200 hours of flying time (150 hours for applicants who
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allows the holder to act as the pilot in command of an aircraft for valuable consideration in single pilot operations. It also permits the holder to act as a co-pilot of a multi-crew aircraft for which they are qualified subject to their (i) holding a valid certificate of multi-crew co-operation,
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may act as the commander of a multi-crew aircraft under IFR. An applicant for an ATPL must be at least 21 years old, hold a valid class 1 medical certificate, a type rating for a multi-crew aircraft and have completed the required theoretical and flight training and have at least 1,500 hours of
582:. For the PPL, a Class 2 Medical is required, which can be issued by an AeroMedical Examiner (AME). For the CPL, a Class 1 Medical is required. Initial Class 1 Medical examinations must be carried out by an Aero-Medical Centre (AeMC), but revalidations can be issued by an AeroMedical Examiner. 507:
There is no Multi Engine Turbine (MET) class rating, as multi engine turbine and all jet powered aircraft require a type rating. To add these to their licence a pilot must undergo a course of training and pass an additional skills test. Differences training is also required for certain complex
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aircraft, retractable undercarriage, variable-pitch propeller, turbocharged engine, EFIS (Electronic Flight Information Systems), single level operation and cabin pressurisation. There is no formal test for any difference training; the training is signed off as satisfactorily completed in the
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ratings extend the holder's privileges to act, respectively, as an instructor and to act as an examiner for proficiency checks and skill tests. These ratings both exist in a variety of forms whose domains, or ranges of privileges, are for specified aircraft operations.
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In addition to their licence, a pilot will obtain one or more ratings. These are qualifications which allow a pilot to fly certain aircraft or in certain conditions. UK licences do not expire; however, to use the licence a pilot must have an appropriate rating.
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A single engine IR(A) course requires at least 50 hours of instrument time with an instructor. A multi-engine IR(A) requires at least 55 hours instrument time with an instructor. Pilots who already hold a CPL are credited with 10 hours, to avoid repetition.
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Balloon licensing does not follow the PPL-CPL-ATPL progression. The BPL (balloon pilot licence) is considered the equivalent of a Private Pilot Licence; however, BPL holders may operate commercially once they hold a commercial operation licence.
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Gliding does not follow the PPL-CPL-ATPL progression. An SPL holder may operate commercially once they have completed 75 hours of flight time or 200 launches after the issue of their licence, and have passed a proficiency check with an examiner.
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flight time. Up to 5 hours of instruction may be undertaken in an approved simulator. Pilots must also undergo a solo flight of at least 150 nautical miles, including full stop landings at two aerodromes different from the departure aerodrome.
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and its affiliated clubs. However, from December 2023 they will require a CAA issued LAPL(S) (or the international Sailplane Pilot Licence (SPL)) to fly UK Part-21 sailplanes. The UK NPPL has close links with the gliding community and a
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Applicants for a private pilot licence must be at least 17 years old, hold a valid UK Part-MED Class 2 medical certificate, and have met the specified practical and theoretical training requirements laid down in UK Part-FCL.
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UK. It had previously been agreed that pilots who already held the rating before April 2014 would be allowed to use it indefinitely within the UK and to transfer it to a new UK PPL as an Instrument Rating (Restricted).
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PPL courses require at least 45 hours of flight instruction. This must include at least 25 hours of dual flight instruction, at least 10 hours of supervised solo flight time, and at least 5 hours of solo
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To convert a third country CPL, it is necessary to complete a course of flight training with a British air training organisation (ATO). The minimum flight training required depends on prior experience.
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For UK licences other than Part-FCL licences, a pilot may make a Pilot Medical Declaration (PMD) instead of gaining a medical certificate. PMDs are not automatically recognised outside of UK airspace.
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The licence held by a pilot confers privileges on the sort of flying they may carry out—broadly, whether or not they may receive remuneration for doing so—and are independent of any aircraft
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is a restricted form of the PPL introduced in 2002 for recreational pilots. It has a less stringent medical requirement than the UK Part-FCL PPL and a reduced flying syllabus.
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For UK Part-FCL licences, a UK Part-Med certificate is required. UK Part-Med was inherited from EASA Part-Med. For the LAPL, an LAPL medical certificate can be issued by some
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In addition to the practical training requirements, nine multiple choice theory examinations must be passed. The pass mark for every exam is 75%; the nine subjects are:
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The Competency-Based Instrument Rating course is a reduced course which takes into account previous experience. It results in a full instrument rating.
540:(VMC) at all times. Instrument ratings are issued for aeroplanes, helicopters and airships. An IR is required to act as a pilot on a scheduled flight. 1227: 1092: 733: 637: 612:
To sit the UK ATPL theoretical exams, the applicant is required to take a theoretical training course, unless they already hold a third country ATPL.
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The Flight Navigator's Licence allows the holder to act as flight navigator in any non-Part 21 aircraft. None have been issued since 2012.
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To operate an Aircraft Radio Station in a UK registered aircraft, the pilot must hold a Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence (FRTOL).
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The abbreviations are combined with the licence level held, for example a Commercial Pilot Licence for Balloons can be written as CPL(B).
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It was introduced while the UK was a member of EASA, but since the UK left the EASA system, it is no longer equivalent to EASA LAPLs.
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and training requirements. The SEP (Land) rating is generally the first rating obtained by most pilots. This allows flight of single-
269:. The NPPL is more restrictive in respect of additional aircraft ratings which may be added compared with a UK Part-FCL PPL or LAPL. 642: 619:
To convert a third country instrument rating, it is necessary to complete at least 15 hours instrument training with a British ATO.
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confers on the holder a privilege to act as the pilot in command of certain kinds of aircraft. The holder may not operate for
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SEP rating holders may undertake formal differences training from an instructor. There are seven categories of difference:
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The NPPL is administered by the National Pilots Licensing Group under supervision of the CAA. It is granted in two forms:
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It is possible to convert licences issued by other ICAO States ("third countries") to UK licences.
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To use their licence, a pilot must have a valid medical certificate or make a medical declaration.
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included in the holder's licence and other ratings required for flying under specified conditions.
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The Night Rating allows a pilot to fly at night. It does not expire. It is required for the ATPL.
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Other class ratings include Multi Engine Piston (MEP) landplane, Single and Multi engine piston
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permits flight only on a single type or aircraft or a group of closely related types.
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Currently British glider pilots do not require a CAA-granted licence. Regulation of
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UK Part-FCL licences are issued for a particular category of aircraft:
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the NPPL, is furthermore restricted to operations in accordance with
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for Simple Single Engined Aircraft and Self-Launching Motor Gliders
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The NPPL does not require an English language proficiency test.
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The theoretical exams required for the ATPL cover 13 subjects:
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In addition to the privileges of the CPL, the holder of an
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Aeroplanes (A) (that can including touring motor-gliders)
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Aircraft general knowledge: Airframe/Systems/power plant
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specifies a broad class of aircraft can be flown. A
885:"Guidance on cost sharing and introductory flights" 137:The UK currently grants several levels of licence: 663:"Getting started | Civil Aviation Authority" 1380:Aviation licenses and certifications by country 8: 1017:"Single-engine piston rating for aeroplanes" 497:by the instructor conducting the training. 403:Aircraft general knowledge: Instrumentation 968: 966: 964: 912: 910: 638:Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom) 485:land aeroplanes (with a few exceptions). 151:UK Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL) 1350:British Microlight Aircraft Association 1087: 1085: 654: 255:NPPL (Microlight and Powered Parachute) 1146: 1144: 1375:Flight training in the United Kingdom 1117: 1115: 1113: 837:"NPPL national private pilot licence" 536:(IFR). Otherwise they must remain in 508:features within these class ratings. 28:Pilot licensing in the United Kingdom 7: 1370:Aviation licenses and certifications 628:and 4729 holders of the UK NPPL(A). 530:Instrument Meteorological Conditions 1123:"Instrument rating for aeroplanes" 25: 943:"UK Part-FCL Pilot Licence (PPL)" 643:Pilot licensing and certification 239:UK National Private Pilot Licence 538:Visual Meteorological Conditions 1355:Light Aircraft Association (UK) 555:Instructor and Examiner ratings 387:Airline Transport Pilot Licence 373:and multi-engine class rating. 337:Flight performance and planning 177:Airline Transport Pilot Licence 1152:"Instrument Ratings Explained" 863:"Light aircraft pilot licence" 415:Flight planning and monitoring 340:Human performance and planning 148:UK Private Pilot Licence (PPL) 143:National Private Pilot Licence 1: 1064:"Night rating for aeroplanes" 1177:"Competency Based IR (CBIR)" 282:light aircraft pilot licence 156:Light Aircraft Pilot Licence 109:UK licences are issued for: 53:When the UK left EASA after 763:British Gliding Association 209:British Gliding Association 1396: 1183:. Stapleford Flight Centre 1129:. Civil Aviation Authority 1070:. Civil Aviation Authority 1044:. The Pilot Centre, Denham 843:. Civil Aviation Authority 817:. Civil Aviation Authority 791:. Civil Aviation Authority 759:"Pilot Licence Conversion" 597:Flight Navigator's Licence 334:Aircraft general knowledge 102:Sailplanes (S) - Part-SFCL 69:recognised in the UK are: 709:"Sailplane Pilot Licence" 528:allows a pilot to fly in 113:Light aircraft – (NPPL A) 1021:Civil Aviation Authority 366:commercial pilot licence 170:Commercial Pilot Licence 105:Balloons (B) - Part-BFCL 42:When the UK was part of 32:Civil Aviation Authority 596: 534:instrument flight rules 1042:"Differences Training" 992:"The 13 ATPL Subjects" 891:. 2015. Archived from 447:Type and Class ratings 430:Operational procedures 349:Operational procedures 305:valuable consideration 116:Microlights – (NPPL M) 67:categories of aircraft 61:Categories of aircraft 713:Pilot & Club Info 571:Medical certification 301:private pilot licence 163:Private Pilot Licence 1345:NPPL Licensing Group 1156:Bristol Groundschool 996:Bristol Groundschool 947:Cambrian Flying Club 738:publicapps.caa.co.uk 433:Principles of flight 352:Principles of flight 30:is regulated by the 214:gliding certificate 811:"BPL requirements" 785:"SPL requirements" 520:Instrument ratings 424:General navigation 260:The NPPL is a sub- 216:can be converted. 560:Flight Instructor 526:Instrument Rating 418:Human performance 371:instrument rating 284:(LAPL) is not an 133:Levels of licence 16:(Redirected from 1387: 1332: 1331: 1320: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1303: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1199: 1193: 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UK CAA 632:See also 564:Examiner 502:seaplane 477:, fixed 224:Balloons 85:Balloons 79:Airships 50:(NPPL). 1048:5 April 1001:5 April 869:5 April 769:5 April 438:Ratings 397:Air law 331:Air law 205:gliding 199:Gliding 193:ratings 38:History 34:(CAA). 1308:3 July 1283:3 July 949:. 2016 899:25 May 889:UK CAA 821:16 May 795:16 May 765:. 2019 481:, non- 469:, non- 179:(ATPL) 158:(LAPL) 145:(NPPL) 55:Brexit 1302:(PDF) 189:class 187:, or 172:(CPL) 165:(PPL) 1310:2022 1285:2022 1264:2022 1239:2022 1214:2022 1189:2022 1163:2022 1135:2022 1104:2022 1076:2022 1050:2023 1028:2019 1003:2023 955:2016 929:2022 901:2016 871:2023 849:2022 823:2023 797:2023 771:2023 745:2022 720:2022 695:2022 670:2022 562:and 381:ATPL 364:The 299:The 286:ICAO 280:The 276:LAPL 262:ICAO 237:The 233:NPPL 185:type 65:The 44:EASA 580:GPs 524:An 360:CPL 295:PPL 267:VFR 141:UK 1366:: 1326:. 1255:. 1230:. 1205:. 1179:. 1154:. 1143:^ 1125:. 1112:^ 1095:. 1084:^ 1066:. 1019:. 994:. 976:. 963:^ 945:. 920:. 909:^ 887:. 839:. 813:. 787:. 761:. 736:. 711:. 686:. 451:A 191:, 1330:. 1312:. 1287:. 1266:. 1241:. 1216:. 1191:. 1165:. 1137:. 1106:. 1078:. 1052:. 1030:. 1005:. 980:. 957:. 931:. 903:. 873:. 851:. 825:. 799:. 773:. 747:. 722:. 697:. 672:. 20:)

Index

IMC rating
Civil Aviation Authority
EASA
National PPL
Brexit
categories of aircraft
National Private Pilot Licence
Light Aircraft Pilot Licence
Private Pilot Licence
Commercial Pilot Licence
Airline Transport Pilot Licence
gliding
British Gliding Association
gliding certificate
ICAO
VFR
light aircraft pilot licence
ICAO
private pilot licence
cross-country
commercial pilot licence
instrument rating
Airline Transport Pilot Licence
class rating
type rating
piston-engined
turbocharged
propeller
tricycle gear
pressurised

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