829:
1180:, Qurayshi resentment towards the Banu Umayya is evident as an underlying theme in the Islamic traditions about Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's conflict with the Umayyads and Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr was the "principal representative" of the second generation of the Hejaz's elite Muslim families who chafed at the "gulf of power" between them and the ruling Umayyad house. Though Gibb describes Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr as "brave, but fundamentally self-seeking and self-indulgent", the hostility to the Umayyads in traditional Muslim sources led to a general description of him as a "model of piety". Nonetheless, a number of Muslim sources condemned him as jealous and harsh and particularly criticized the fatal abuse of his brother Amr and his imprisonment of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya.
1014:. Mus'ab also gained the defections of thousands of Kufan tribesmen and together they defeated and killed al-Mukhtar in April 687. Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr subsequently dismissed Mus'ab from office in 686/87 and appointed his own son Hamza as governor of Basra. The latter dispatched a force under Abd Allah ibn Umayr al-Laythi to drive out the Najdiyya Kharijites from Bahrayn after they overran the province, but the Zubayrids were repulsed. Hamza proved incompetent in his administration of Iraq and, following his failure to deliver the provincial revenues to the state treasury in Mecca, he was dismissed and allegedly imprisoned by his father. Mus'ab was reinstated shortly after, in 687/688. By that time, the Najdiyya Kharijites conquered Yemen and
51:
1188:
the
Caliphate. This restricted him from exercising direct influence in the larger, more populated provinces, particularly Iraq, where his more worldly brother ruled with practical independence. In Arabia, Ibn al-Zubayr's power had been largely confined to the Hejaz with the Kharijite leader Najda holding more influence in the greater part of the peninsula. Thus, Ibn al-Zubayr had virtually rendered himself a background figure in the movement that was launched in his name; in the words of historian
1176:(consultation) among the Quraysh as a whole. The Quraysh opposed the monopolization of power by the Banu Umayya and insisted power be distributed among all the Qurayshi clans. However, other than this conviction,Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr did not sponsor any religious doctrine or political program, unlike the contemporary Alid and Kharijite movements. By the time he made his claim to the caliphate, he had emerged as the leader of the disaffected Quraysh. According to historian
915:, but Mu'awiya II wielded virtually no authority and died from illness only months after his accession. This left a leadership void in Syria as there were no suitable successors among Mu'awiya I's Sufyanid house. In the ensuing chaos, Umayyad authority collapsed across the caliphate and Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr gained wide recognition. Most of the Islamic provinces offered their allegiance, including
880:(commander of the faithful), a title traditionally reserved for the caliph, and called for all Muslims to give him their oaths of allegiance. With the other potential Hejazi candidates dead, Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr remained the last contender for the caliphate among the anti-Umayyad factions in Mecca and Medina and most of these groups recognized him as their leader. An exception were the
820:, were killed or died of natural causes. In November, news of Yazid's death prompted al-Sakuni to negotiate with Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr. Al-Sakuni proposed to recognize him as caliph on the condition that he would rule from Syria, the center of the Umayyad military and administration. Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr rejected this and the army withdrew to Syria, leaving him in control of Mecca.
1184:
region's position as the political center of the
Caliphate had been lost first to Kufa under Ali and then to Damascus under Mu'awiya I. To that end, Ibn al-Zubayr developed a strong association with Mecca and its Ka'aba, which, combined with his control of Islam's second holiest city of Medina, furthered his prestige and gave his caliphate a holy character.
1080:, stood over Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's body, Tariq said of the latter: "Women have borne none manlier than he ... He had no defensive trench, no fortress, no stronghold; yet he held his own against us an equal, and even got the better of us whenever we met with him". Al-Hajjaj posted Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's body on a
1006:. Al-Mukhtar's partisans drove out the Zubayrid authorities from Kufa in October 685. Al-Mukhtar later dispatched a Kufan force to the Hejaz and freed Ibn al-Hanafiyya. Mus'ab's authority in Basra and Khurasan was also beginning to waver, but was ultimately secured after he gained the backing of the powerful
600:). A'isha or Nafisa mothered Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's son Bakr, of whom little is reported in the traditional sources. Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr divorced A'isha following the birth of their son. From another wife, Hantama bint Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham, Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr had his son Amir.
1204:
Three
Umayyad caliphs reigned during the twelve years of Ibn al-Zubayr's caliphate between 680 and 692. The short terms indicated in the upper plot in light blue and yellow correspond to the tenures of Mu'awiya II and Marwan I, respectively. (Note that a caliph's succession does not necessarily occur
1183:
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr rallied opposition to the
Umayyads in the Hejaz through his base in Mecca, Islam's holiest city, and his prestige as a first-generation Muslim with family ties to Muhammad. He aimed to restore the Hejaz to its former political prominence; after the assassination of Uthman, the
1068:
for six months, by which point, most of Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's partisans and his sons
Khubayb and Hamza surrendered upon offers of pardons. Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr remained defiant and, acting on his mother's counsel, entered the battlefield where he was ultimately slain on 3 October or 4 November
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died weeks into his reign, precipitating the collapse of
Umayyad authority across the Caliphate, most of whose provinces subsequently accepted the suzerainty of Ibn al-Zubayr. Though widely recognized as caliph, his authority was largely nominal outside of the Hejaz. By 685, the Umayyad Caliphate had
1187:
Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr rejected the offer of support from the caliphate's Syria-based army partly because it would have obliged him to relocate to
Damascus. Other cities were available to him, but Ibn al-Zubayr opted to remain in Mecca, from which he issued directives to his supporters elsewhere in
470:
and his strong association with the holy city of Mecca, Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr was able to lead the influential, disaffected Muslim factions opposed to
Umayyad rule. He sought to re-establish the Hejaz as the political center of the Caliphate. However, his refusal to leave Mecca precluded him from
712:
1195:
During his rule,Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr made significant alterations to the Ka'aba's structure, claiming that the changes were in line with the authority of
Muhammad. He called himself the "fugitive at the sanctuary " while his Umayyad detractors referred to him as "the evil-doer at Mecca".
1093:
Following his victory, Abd al-Malik confiscated the estates of Ibn al-Zubayr in Medina and elsewhere in the Hejaz. The caliph later restored some of the properties to Ibn al-Zubayr's sons after a request by Thabit. His eldest son, Khubayb, was flogged to death in Medina by its governor
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where it remained until Abd al-Malik allowed Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's mother to retrieve it. His body was subsequently buried in the house of his paternal grandmother
Safiyya in Medina. The Umayyad victory and Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's death marked the end of the Second Fitna.
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as his successor in 676. When Yazid acceded following his father's death in 680, Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr again rejected his legitimacy, despite Yazid having the backing of the Arab tribesmen of Syria who formed the core of the Umayyad military. In response, Yazid charged
896:, withheld their oaths citing the need for a stronger consensus in the wider Muslim community. Irritated, Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr besieged the clan's neighborhood in Mecca and imprisoned Ibn al-Hanafiyya to pressure the Banu Hashim. Meanwhile, the Kharijites under
780:(security forces), Amr, to lead the expedition. However, the Umayyad force was ambushed and Amr was captured and subsequently killed while in captivity. Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr declared the illegitimacy of Yazid's caliphate and allied himself with the
970:
remained loyal to the Umayyads and selected the non-Sufyanid Marwan ibn al-Hakam from Medina to succeed Mu'awiya II. The proclamation of Marwan as caliph in Damascus marked a turning point for Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr. Marwan's partisans, led by
815:
on 24 September after Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr refused to surrender. The Kaaba was severely damaged during al-Sakuni's bombardment. During the siege, two potential Qurashi candidates for the caliphate, Mus'ab ibn Abd al-Rahman and
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719:
in 1882. Throughout his revolt, Ibn al-Zubayr used the sanctuary as his base of operations and it was twice besieged, in 683 and 692. He rebuilt it following severe damage during the first siege, but his changes were later
555:, the earliest converts to Islam who had been exiled from Mecca to Medina. These early social, kinship and religious links to Muhammad, his family and the first Muslims all boosted Ibn al-Zubayr's reputation in adulthood.
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exercising power in the more populous provinces where he depended on his brother Mus'ab and other loyalists, who ruled with virtual independence. He thus played a minor active role in the struggle carried out in his name.
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Yazid's death and the subsequent withdrawal of the Umayyad army from the Hejaz afforded Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr the opportunity to realize his aspirations for the caliphate. He immediately declared himself
589:) and grandson of Muhammad, bore his daughter Ruqayya. Tumadir's sister Zajla was at one point married to Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. He was also married to A'isha, a daughter of the third caliph
904:(central Arabia) abandoned Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr once he forwarded his claim to the caliphate, an institution they rejected, and Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr refused to embrace their doctrine.
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gains in Arabia had isolated Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr in the Hejaz, cutting him off from loyalists in other parts of the caliphate. In 691, Abd al-Malik secured the support of Zufar and the
666:. During the rebel siege of Uthman's house in June 656, the caliph put Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr in charge of his defense and he was reportedly wounded in the fighting. In the aftermath of
991:, who maintained his recognition of Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's suzerainty. However, in March 685, Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr lost the economically important province of Egypt to Marwan.
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Anthony, Sean W. (2016). "The Meccan Prison of ʿAbdallāh b. al-Zubayr and the Imprisonment of Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyya". In Pomerantz, Maurice A.; Shahin, Aram A. (eds.).
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as governor of Basra and its dependencies. In a testament to the extent of Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's sovereignty, coins were minted in his name as far as the districts of
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Following Husayn's death, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr began clandestinely recruiting supporters. By September 683, he had taken control of Mecca. He referred to himself as
728:'s accession to the caliphate in 661 and remained largely inactive during the course of his reign. However, he refused to recognize Mu'awiya's nomination of his son
737:, the governor of Medina, with gaining Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's submission, but he evaded the authorities and escaped to Mecca. He was joined there by Ali's son
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belonged and whose support Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr deemed important for his own legitimacy as caliph. The leading representatives of the clan in the Hejaz,
796:(eastern Arabia); the Kharijites were early opponents of the Umayyads who had defected from Caliph Ali because of his participation in the 657 arbitration.
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of Jazira, removing the principal obstacle between his Syrian army and Zubayrid Iraq. Later that year, his forces conquered Iraq and killed Mus'ab in the
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Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr adamantly opposed the caliphate becoming an Umayyad inheritance. Instead, he advocated that the caliph should be chosen by
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in the summer of 683, and Ibn Hanzala was slain. The army continued toward Mecca, but Ibn Uqba died en route and command passed to his deputy
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655:. He was lauded by Caliph Uthman and issued a victory speech, well known for its eloquence, upon his return to Medina. Later, he joined
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Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr had a number of wives and children. His first wife was Tumadir bint Manzur ibn Zabban ibn Sayyar ibn Amr of the
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in modern-day Iran; both were dependencies of Basra at that time. Nonetheless, his authority outside of the Hejaz was largely nominal.
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The defeat of al-Mukhtar, who had opposed the Zubayrids and the Umayyads, left Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr and Marwan's son and successor
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682:. Ali was victorious and Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr returned with A'isha to Medina, later taking part in the arbitration to end the
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788:, who had withdrawn support for Yazid due to his supposed improprieties. Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr also gained the support of the
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in December. Zubayr ibn al-Awwam was killed, while Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr was wounded sparring with one of Ali's commanders,
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670:, Abd Allah fought alongside his father and his aunt A'isha against the partisans of Uthman's successor, Caliph Ali, at the
772:, to arrest Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr. The governor, in turn, instructed Abd Allah's estranged brother, the head of Medina's
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reasserted Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's suzerainty in Iraq by 687, but was defeated and killed by Marwan's successor
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to pay for the support of Amr ibn al-As.Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr inherited a significant fortune from his father.
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In response to growing opposition throughout Arabia, Yazid dispatched a Syrian Arab expeditionary force led by
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768:(judgement belongs to God alone), but made no claim to the caliphate. Yazid ordered the governor of Medina,
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1146:), several descendants of Ibn al-Zubayr attained senior administrative posts, including his great-grandson
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741:, who too had refused submission to Yazid. Husayn and his supporters made a stand against the Umayyads in
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1192:, "the struggle turned round him nominally, but he took no part in it and it was decided without him".
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426:), before proclaiming himself caliph in the wake of Yazid's death in 683, marking the beginning of the
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1120:), who agreed to return the remainder of the confiscated estates to Ibn al-Zubayr's sons. Under the
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389:). Though little is heard of Ibn al-Zubayr during the subsequent reign of the first Umayyad caliph
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in Syria and Egypt, while Abd Allah's authority was being challenged in Iraq and Arabia by pro-
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2680:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
2659:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
2613:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
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Uthman appointed Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr to the commission charged with the recension of the
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Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr established himself in Mecca where he rallied opposition to Yazid (
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After asserting Umayyad authority in Iraq, Abd al-Malik dispatched one of his commanders,
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Meanwhile, negotiations collapsed between Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr and the Kufan strongman
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346:, the leading tribe of the nascent Muslim community, and was the first child born to the
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family. He declared Ibn al-Hanafiyya caliph and, unprecedented in Islamic history, the
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in 640. In 647,Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr distinguished himself in the Muslim conquest of
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1109:). Thabit, meanwhile, had gained particular favor from al-Walid's successor, Caliph
404:, as his successor. Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, along with many of the Quraysh and the
2564:. Oxford: University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research.
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412:(western Arabia), opposed the caliphate becoming an inheritable institution of the
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The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies
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Through the prestige of his family ties and social links with the Islamic prophet
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to suppress Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr and the Ansar. The Ansar were routed at the
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619:) in 636, Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr may have been present with his father at the
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Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of 'Ayyārān and Futuwwa
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2996:. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
843:. Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr's sovereignty as caliph was recognized in the
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offered his recognition. Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr appointed his brother
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2806:. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press. p. 49.
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in his Meccan stronghold, where he was ultimately slain in 692.
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and northern Iran in 647 and 650, respectively. During the
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The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate
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in July 684. The surviving Qaysi tribesmen fled to the
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Moussavi, Ahmad Kazemi; Crow, Karim Douglas (2005).
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1072:In an anecdote recorded by 9th-century historian
62:minted in the name of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr in
551:, Ibn al-Zubayr was the first child born to the
500:and a leading Muslim figure. He belonged to the
301:عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ٱبْن الزُّبَيْرِ ٱبْن الْعَوَّامِ
1076:, when al-Hajjaj and his lieutenant commander,
1064:, to subdue Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr. Al-Hajjaj
570:(epithet) "Abu Khubayb", and other sons Hamza,
8:
2520:
987:(Upper Mesopotamia) under the leadership of
2589:. Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 3–27.
2541:
1010:chieftain and military leader of Khurasan,
3093:
2777:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2729:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2501:
2489:
2146:
2061:
1233:
1224:
38:
2972:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2918:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2785:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 549–551.
998:, who afterward took up the cause of the
631:. He was also present with his father in
170:Umm al-Hasan Nafisa bint al-Hasan ibn Ali
3038:Bahramian, Ali; Lahouti, Hassan (2015).
2390:
2340:
2328:
2037:
2025:
1924:
1909:
3076:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
2943:. Singapore: Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd.
2737:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 54–55.
2468:
2429:
2378:
2355:
2311:
2299:
2282:
2265:
2253:
2229:
2202:
2181:
2096:
2073:
2049:
1771:
1691:
911:, Yazid was succeeded by his young son
724:Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr did not oppose
608:As a child, during the reign of Caliph
430:. Meanwhile, Yazid's son and successor
2648:from the original on 20 December 2019.
2402:
2241:
1822:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1349:
1242:
1238:
312:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām
226:
2134:
2119:
1897:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1638:
1632:
1622:
1609:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1579:
1573:
1563:
1547:
1537:
1533:
1521:
1515:
1505:
1489:
1479:
1475:
1451:
1441:
1425:
1415:
1411:
1399:
1393:
1383:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1337:
1331:
1321:
1308:
1298:
1294:
1282:
1276:
1266:
1250:
1246:
7:
2894:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
2453:
2441:
2417:
2013:
1843:
1803:
1228:Ancestors of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
484:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr was born in
374:, he fought on the side of his aunt
293:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
235:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
3079:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1205:on the first day of the new year.)
643:(North Africa) under the commander
408:, the leading Muslim groups of the
338:, and grandson of the first caliph
300:
2932:from the original on 28 July 2019.
25:
3197:Hejaz under the Umayyad Caliphate
2578:from the original on 9 July 2020.
762:, the Kaaba), adopted the slogan
694:. During the talks, he counseled
135:October/November 692 CE (aged 68)
758:(the fugitive at the sanctuary,
735:al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Abi Sufyan
637:campaign against Byzantine Egypt
447:forces. Ibn al-Zubayr's brother
342:, Ibn al-Zubayr belonged to the
49:
2674:Fishbein, Michael, ed. (1997).
2653:Fishbein, Michael, ed. (1990).
1754:
1743:
1732:
1141:
1130:
1115:
1104:
1036:
884:clan to which Muhammad and the
614:
595:
584:
534:
421:
395:
384:
44:عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ٱبْن الزُّبَيْرِ
3073:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
1200:Timeline of the two caliphates
1022:, Mecca's southern neighbour.
1018:, while in 689, they occupied
945:Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami
455:in 691. The Umayyad commander
167:Zajla bint Manzur al-Fazariyya
1:
3054:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
2993:The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall
1154:, who successively served as
989:Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi
833:
3131:November 683 – November 692
3015:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1396:Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib
1066:besieged and bombarded Mecca
518:Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib
173:A'isha bint Uthman ibn Affan
1748:) and part of the reign of
1169:
1098:during the reign of Caliph
977:al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri
962:Most of the Arab tribes in
874:
809:Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni
774:
764:
754:
578:, son of the fourth caliph
564:
311:
18:Ibn al-Zubayr's revolt
3213:
3187:People of the Second Fitna
2700:"ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr"
1469:
1370:Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim
1343:
1240:
707:Opposition to the Umayyads
524:, a daughter of the first
327:from 683 until his death.
32:Al-Zubayr (disambiguation)
29:
3182:People of the First Fitna
3177:Companions of the Prophet
3133:
3124:
3116:
3096:
3071:"'Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr"
3041:"ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr"
2605:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
1616:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1557:
1535:
1527:
1499:
1477:
1473:
1435:
1413:
1405:
1377:
1355:
1351:
1315:
1296:
1288:
1260:
1244:
1111:Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
1012:al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra
890:Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya
435:been reconstituted under
234:
225:
48:
3098:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
2752:"Al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām"
2521:Moussavi & Crow 2005
2343:, p. 119, note 431.
2331:, p. 118, note 424.
1912:, p. 159, note 676.
1635:Qutayla bint Abd al-Uzza
898:Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi
508:, the dominant tribe of
358:alongside his father in
3069:Clarke, Nicola (2018).
3009:Zakeri, Mohsen (1995).
2800:Hawting, G. R. (1986).
2558:Ahmed, Asad Q. (2010).
2432:, p. 65, note 306.
2137:, p. 95, note 469.
1885:, p. 85, note 404.
1610:14. Abd al-Uzza ibn Abd
1454:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
907:In the Umayyad capital
867:(areas shaded in green)
841:Second Muslim Civil War
770:Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-As
42:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
2966:Peters, F. E. (1994).
868:
824:Claim to the caliphate
818:al-Miswar ibn Makhrama
792:movement in Basra and
749:and Husayn was slain.
721:
686:(Muslim civil war) in
668:Uthman's assassination
494:al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
356:early Muslim conquests
332:al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
265:Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
2628:Elad, Amikam (2016).
1309:9. Fatima bint Za'ida
1150:and the latter's son
1026:Suppression and death
996:al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi
973:Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad
859:and the districts of
832:Map of the Caliphate
831:
786:Abd Allah ibn Hanzala
765:la hukma illa li-llah
714:
498:companion of Muhammad
475:Early life and career
461:besiege Ibn al-Zubayr
2205:, p. 12–13, 21.
2028:, pp. 106, 133.
1550:Umm Khayr bint Sakhr
1152:Bakkar ibn Abd Allah
1148:Abd Allah ibn Mus'ab
981:Battle of Marj Rahit
621:Battle of the Yarmuk
3192:Banu Asad (Quraysh)
3167:7th-century caliphs
2750:Hasson, I. (2002).
2504:, pp. 199–200.
2456:, pp. 337–338.
2405:, pp. 100–101.
2064:, pp. 145–146.
1334:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
1279:Awwam ibn Khuwaylid
1156:governors of Medina
1062:al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
894:Abd Allah ibn Abbas
755:al-ʿaʾidh biʾl bayt
680:Malik ibn al-Harith
672:Battle of the Camel
457:al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
3172:Family of Abu Bakr
2988:Wellhausen, Julius
2862:Hawting, Gerald R.
2712:Lévi-Provençal, E.
1576:Asma bint Abi Bakr
1253:Khuwaylid ibn Asad
869:
805:Battle of al-Harra
784:of Medina, led by
722:
696:Abd Allah ibn Umar
645:Abd Allah ibn Sa'd
522:Asma bint Abi Bakr
336:Asma bint Abi Bakr
275:Asma bint Abi Bakr
3143:
3142:
3134:Succeeded by
3086:978-0-19-866277-8
3046:Madelung, Wilferd
2979:978-0-691-03267-2
2950:978-9971-77-552-0
2925:978-0-521-56181-5
2910:Madelung, Wilferd
2901:978-0-582-40525-7
2853:978-0-88706-855-3
2792:978-90-04-12756-2
2687:978-0-7914-3149-8
2666:978-0-7914-0221-4
2641:978-90-04-22989-1
2634:. Leiden: Brill.
2620:978-0-7914-0851-3
2596:978-90-04-30590-8
2571:978-1-900934-13-8
2268:, pp. 80–81.
2122:, pp. 65–66.
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1190:Julius Wellhausen
813:besieged the city
745:in 680, but were
539:), and sister of
323:that rivaled the
309:
290:
289:
239:
238:
150:Jannat al-Mu'alla
16:(Redirected from
3204:
3117:Preceded by
3112:
3105:
3094:
3090:
3065:
3056:. Brill Online.
3043:
3026:
3005:
2983:
2962:
2933:
2905:
2881:
2857:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2796:
2772:Heinrichs, W. P.
2746:
2691:
2670:
2649:
2624:
2600:
2579:
2545:
2542:Blankinship 1993
2539:
2524:
2518:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2472:
2466:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2359:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2286:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2206:
2200:
2185:
2179:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2123:
2117:
2100:
2094:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
1928:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1807:
1801:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1696:
1428:Hala bint Wuhayb
1234:
1225:
1174:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1051:Battle of Maskin
1040:
1038:
879:
876:amir al-mu'minin
838:
835:
779:
767:
757:
618:
616:
599:
597:
588:
586:
569:
538:
536:
425:
423:
399:
397:
388:
386:
314:
304:
302:
227:
53:
39:
21:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3122:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3068:
3050:Daftary, Farhad
3037:
3034:
3032:Further reading
3029:
3023:
3008:
2986:
2980:
2965:
2951:
2936:
2926:
2908:
2902:
2884:
2878:
2860:
2854:
2835:
2826:
2824:
2814:
2799:
2793:
2764:Bosworth, C. E.
2749:
2694:
2688:
2673:
2667:
2652:
2642:
2627:
2621:
2603:
2597:
2582:
2572:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2527:
2519:
2508:
2502:Wellhausen 1927
2500:
2496:
2490:Wellhausen 1927
2488:
2475:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2289:
2281:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2209:
2201:
2188:
2180:
2153:
2147:Wellhausen 1927
2145:
2141:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2103:
2095:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2062:Wellhausen 1927
2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2012:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1829:
1821:
1810:
1802:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1742:
1731:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1164:
1140:
1137:Harun al-Rashid
1129:
1114:
1103:
1091:
1035:
1028:
935:. Likewise, in
836:
826:
801:Muslim ibn Uqba
709:
704:
692:Dumat al-Jandal
657:Sa'id ibn al-As
613:
606:
604:Military career
594:
583:
533:
482:
477:
420:
394:
383:
378:against Caliph
221:
179:
153:
136:
116:
67:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3066:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:978-3447036528
3021:
3006:
2984:
2978:
2963:
2949:
2934:
2924:
2906:
2900:
2882:
2876:
2858:
2852:
2839:, ed. (1989).
2837:Hawting, G. R.
2833:
2813:978-0415240734
2812:
2797:
2791:
2768:van Donzel, E.
2756:Bearman, P. J.
2747:
2708:Kramers, J. H.
2704:Gibb, H. A. R.
2696:Gibb, H. A. R.
2692:
2686:
2671:
2665:
2650:
2640:
2625:
2619:
2607:, ed. (1993).
2601:
2595:
2580:
2570:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2544:, p. 140.
2525:
2523:, p. 149.
2506:
2494:
2492:, p. 200.
2473:
2458:
2446:
2444:, p. 332.
2434:
2422:
2420:, p. 331.
2407:
2395:
2393:, p. 226.
2383:
2360:
2345:
2333:
2316:
2304:
2287:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2244:, p. 230.
2234:
2207:
2186:
2151:
2149:, p. 151.
2139:
2124:
2101:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2040:, p. 172.
2030:
2018:
1929:
1927:, p. 105.
1914:
1902:
1900:, p. 115.
1887:
1875:
1873:, p. 147.
1863:
1848:
1846:, p. 335.
1827:
1825:, p. 549.
1808:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1757: 685–705
1746: 684–685
1735: 683–684
1690:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1546:
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1542:
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1534:
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1529:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1163:
1160:
1144: 786–809
1133: 775–785
1118: 715–717
1107: 705–715
1090:
1087:
1039: 685–705
1027:
1024:
968:southern Syria
933:northern Syria
825:
822:
708:
705:
703:
700:
617: 634–644
605:
602:
598: 644–656
587: 656–661
537: 632–634
481:
478:
476:
473:
424: 680–683
398: 661–680
387: 656–661
288:
287:
282:
278:
277:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
247:
241:
240:
237:
236:
232:
231:
223:
222:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
202:
199:
196:
193:
189:
187:
181:
180:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
161:
159:
155:
154:
148:
146:
142:
141:
133:
129:
128:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
69:
68:
56:Sasanian-style
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3209:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2886:Kennedy, Hugh
2883:
2879:
2877:0-415-24072-7
2873:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:Bianquis, Th.
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2471:, p. 77.
2470:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:Fishbein 1990
2387:
2384:
2381:, p. 84.
2380:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:Fishbein 1990
2337:
2334:
2330:
2329:Fishbein 1990
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2314:, p. 21.
2313:
2308:
2305:
2302:, p. 83.
2301:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2285:, p. 82.
2284:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2256:, p. 81.
2255:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2232:, p. 49.
2231:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2184:, p. 48.
2183:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2099:, p. 47.
2098:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2076:, p. 12.
2075:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2052:, p. 46.
2051:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:Madelung 1997
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:Madelung 1997
2022:
2019:
2016:, p. 55.
2015:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1925:Madelung 1997
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:Fishbein 1997
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1861:, p. 85.
1860:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:, p. 54.
1805:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1751:
1740:
1729:
1725:
1722:and parts of
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1685:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:H. A. R. Gibb
1175:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1078:Tariq ibn Amr
1075:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
877:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
839:, during the
830:
823:
821:
819:
814:
811:. The latter
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
777:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
727:
718:
713:
706:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:Amr ibn al-As
630:
626:
622:
611:
603:
601:
592:
581:
577:
573:
568:
567:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
474:
472:
469:
464:
462:
459:proceeded to
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
429:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
392:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
313:
307:
298:
294:
286:
283:
279:
276:
273:
269:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
246:
242:
233:
228:
224:
217:
214:
211:
208:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
188:
186:
182:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
160:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
57:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3144:
3137:Abd al-Malik
3125:
3111:November 692
3108:
3101:
3074:
3053:
3011:
2992:
2968:
2939:
2914:
2890:
2866:
2841:
2825:. Retrieved
2802:
2782:
2775:
2734:
2727:
2676:
2655:
2630:
2609:
2585:
2560:
2551:Bibliography
2497:
2469:Kennedy 2004
2449:
2437:
2430:Hawting 1989
2425:
2398:
2386:
2379:Kennedy 2004
2358:, p. 8.
2356:Anthony 2016
2336:
2312:Anthony 2016
2307:
2300:Kennedy 2004
2283:Kennedy 2004
2266:Kennedy 2004
2261:
2254:Kennedy 2004
2249:
2237:
2230:Hawting 1986
2203:Anthony 2016
2182:Hawting 1986
2142:
2097:Hawting 1986
2074:Anthony 2016
2069:
2057:
2050:Hawting 1986
2045:
2033:
2021:
1905:
1878:
1866:
1750:Abd al-Malik
1694:
1453:
1203:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1167:
1165:
1092:
1071:
1059:
1032:Abd al-Malik
1029:
993:
961:
940:
906:
870:
798:
759:
751:
723:
661:
623:against the
607:
557:
504:clan of the
483:
465:
453:Abd al-Malik
428:Second Fitna
418:
368:North Africa
329:
292:
291:
102:Abd al-Malik
36:
2724:Pellat, Ch.
2716:Schacht, J.
2403:Peters 1994
2242:Zakeri 1995
1823:Hasson 2002
1728:Mu'awiya II
1089:Descendants
913:Mu'awiya II
882:Banu Hashim
684:First Fitna
560:Banu Fazara
549:Ibn Qutayba
432:Mu'awiya II
372:First Fitna
330:The son of
88:Predecessor
3162:692 deaths
3157:624 births
3151:Categories
2827:8 December
2822:1083391651
2781:Volume XI:
2135:Ahmed 2010
2120:Ahmed 2010
1898:Ahmed 2010
1883:Ahmed 2010
1871:Ahmed 2010
1859:Ahmed 2010
1767:References
1492:Abu Quhafa
1162:Assessment
1100:al-Walid I
1016:Hadhramaut
931:tribes of
837: 684
726:Mu'awiya I
625:Byzantines
391:Mu'awiya I
115:May 624 CE
75:(disputed)
3062:1875-9831
3002:752790641
2743:495469456
2733:Volume I:
2720:Lewis, B.
2454:Elad 2016
2442:Elad 2016
2418:Elad 2016
2014:Gibb 1960
1844:Elad 2016
1804:Gibb 1960
1716:al-Jazira
1074:al-Tabari
1043:Kharijite
979:, at the
943:governor
790:Kharijite
720:reversed.
649:patrician
553:Muhajirun
545:Ibn Habib
502:Banu Asad
445:Kharijite
348:Muhajirun
319:based in
317:caliphate
306:romanized
254:Banu Asad
195:Al-Zubayr
98:Successor
66:in 690/91
3052:(eds.).
2990:(1927).
2959:71823572
2930:Archived
2912:(1997).
2888:(2004).
2864:(2000).
2774:(eds.).
2726:(eds.).
2698:(1960).
2646:Archived
2576:Archived
1739:Marwan I
1712:Khurasan
1518:Abu Bakr
1220:Ancestry
1126:al-Mahdi
1124:caliphs
941:de facto
937:Khurasan
927:and the
909:Damascus
641:Ifriqiya
530:Abu Bakr
468:Muhammad
437:Marwan I
414:Umayyads
340:Abu Bakr
325:Umayyads
281:Religion
3120:Yazid I
3104:May 624
1122:Abbasid
1096:Umar II
964:central
900:in the
794:Bahrayn
743:Karbala
730:Yazid I
653:Gregory
506:Quraysh
488:in the
402:Yazid I
344:Quraysh
308::
250:Quraysh
218:Ruqayya
192:Khubayb
152:, Mecca
140:, Hejaz
92:Yazid I
83:683–692
58:silver
3127:Caliph
3107:
3083:
3060:
3019:
3000:
2976:
2957:
2947:
2922:
2898:
2874:
2850:
2820:
2810:
2789:
2770:&
2741:
2722:&
2684:
2663:
2638:
2617:
2593:
2568:
1737:) and
1135:) and
1082:gibbet
985:Jazira
953:Kerman
949:Mus'ab
939:, the
902:Yamama
865:Kerman
776:shurta
747:killed
739:Husayn
702:Revolt
688:Adhruh
664:Qur'an
591:Uthman
541:A'isha
526:caliph
486:Medina
480:Family
449:Mus'ab
376:A'isha
297:Arabic
271:Mother
261:Father
201:Thabit
158:Spouse
145:Burial
126:Arabia
118:Medina
73:Caliph
60:dirham
3109:Died:
3102:Born:
3044:. In
2843:64–66
2754:. In
2702:. In
1724:Syria
1720:Yemen
1704:Egypt
1700:Hejaz
1686:Notes
1171:shura
1069:692.
1055:Ahwaz
1020:Ta'if
1004:Mahdi
929:Qaysi
925:Yemen
917:Egypt
886:Alids
853:Egypt
849:Yemen
845:Hejaz
782:Ansar
717:Kaaba
676:Basra
629:Syria
576:Hasan
572:Abbad
566:kunya
514:Kaaba
510:Mecca
490:Hejaz
410:Hejaz
406:Ansar
364:Egypt
360:Syria
352:Islam
321:Mecca
285:Islam
245:Tribe
230:Names
212:Salih
205:Abbad
198:Hamza
185:Issue
138:Mecca
122:Hejaz
80:Reign
3081:ISBN
3058:ISSN
3017:ISBN
2998:OCLC
2974:ISBN
2955:OCLC
2945:ISBN
2920:ISBN
2896:ISBN
2872:ISBN
2848:ISBN
2829:2021
2818:OCLC
2808:ISBN
2787:ISBN
2739:OCLC
2682:ISBN
2661:ISBN
2636:ISBN
2615:ISBN
2591:ISBN
2566:ISBN
1708:Iraq
1548:13.
1490:12.
1426:11.
1368:10.
1047:Qays
1008:Azdi
1000:Alid
966:and
957:Fars
955:and
921:Kufa
863:and
861:Fars
857:Iraq
760:viz.
715:The
610:Umar
547:and
496:, a
443:and
441:Alid
362:and
334:and
215:Bakr
209:Amir
132:Died
112:Born
64:Fars
2783:W–Z
2735:A–B
1633:7.
1574:3.
1516:6.
1452:1.
1394:5.
1332:2.
1277:4.
1251:8.
690:or
674:in
635:'s
627:in
580:Ali
380:Ali
3153::
3048:;
2953:.
2928:.
2816:.
2779:.
2766:;
2762:;
2758:;
2731:.
2718:;
2714:;
2710:;
2706:;
2644:.
2574:.
2528:^
2509:^
2476:^
2461:^
2410:^
2363:^
2348:^
2319:^
2290:^
2273:^
2210:^
2189:^
2154:^
2127:^
2104:^
2081:^
1932:^
1917:^
1890:^
1851:^
1830:^
1811:^
1774:^
1755:r.
1744:r.
1733:r.
1718:,
1714:,
1710:,
1706:,
1702:,
1158:.
1142:r.
1131:r.
1116:r.
1105:r.
1037:r.
923:,
919:,
855:,
851:,
847:,
834:c.
651:,
615:r.
596:r.
585:r.
535:r.
528:,
422:r.
416:.
396:r.
385:r.
350:,
303:,
299::
124:,
120:,
3089:.
3064:.
3025:.
3004:.
2982:.
2961:.
2904:.
2880:.
2856:.
2831:.
2795:.
2745:.
2690:.
2669:.
2623:.
2599:.
1759:)
1752:(
1741:(
1730:(
1139:(
1128:(
1113:(
1102:(
1034:(
612:(
593:(
582:(
532:(
393:(
382:(
295:(
256:)
252:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
