227:
1155:
1169:
38:
162:). However, neither he nor any other ancient author uses the word "idiot" to describe non-participants, or in a derogatory sense; its most common use was simply a private citizen or amateur as opposed to a government official, professional, or expert. The derogatory sense came centuries later, and was unrelated to the political meaning.
144:
Many political commentators, starting as early as 1856, have interpreted the word "idiot" as reflecting the
Ancient Athenians' attitudes to civic participation and private life, combining the ancient meaning of 'private citizen' with the modern meaning 'fool' to conclude that the Greeks used the word
1088:
To make a hero of Jesus! And even more, what a misunderstanding is the word 'genius'! Our whole concept, our cultural concept, of 'spirit' has no meaning whatever in the world in which Jesus lives. Spoken with the precision of a physiologist, even an entirely different word would be yet more fitting
266:
Section 26 stated that "Idiots" were one of six types of people who are not capable of committing crimes. In 2007 the code was amended to read "persons who are mentally incapacitated." In 2008, Iowa voters passed a measure replacing "idiot, or insane person" in the State's constitution with "person
1093:(§ 29, partially quoted here, contains three words that were suppressed by Nietzsche's sister when she published The Antichrist in 1895. The words are: 'das Wort Idiot,' translated here as 'the word idiot'. They were not made public until 1931, by Josef Hofmiller.
202:, was originally determined by dividing a person's mental age, as determined by standardized tests, by their actual age. The concept of mental age has fallen into disfavor, though, and IQ is now determined on the basis of statistical distributions.
206:
288:
The constitution of the state of
Arkansas was amended in the general election of 2008 to, among other things, repeal a provision (Article 3, Section 5) which had until its repeal prohibited "idiots or insane persons" from voting.
331:. Idiot characters in literature are often confused with or subsumed within mad or lunatic characters. The most common intersection between these two categories of mental impairment occurs in the polemic surrounding
362:, a man whose innocence, kindness and humility, combined with his occasional epileptic symptoms, cause many in the corrupt, egoistic culture around him to mistakenly assume that he lacks intelligence. In
1021:
Arkansas Ballot
Measures: An Amendment Concerning Voting, Qualifications of Voters and Election Officers, and the Time of Holding General Elections (Amendment 1) : For the November 4, 2008 General
65:
where the mental age is two years or less, and the person cannot guard themself against common physical dangers. The term was gradually replaced by 'profound mental retardation', which has since been
1204:
376:
in a comparable fashion, almost certainly in an allusion to
Dostoevsky's use of the word: "One has to regret that no Dostoevsky lived in the neighbourhood of this most interesting
141:, it kept the meaning of 'illiterate', 'ignorant', and added the meaning 'stupid' in the 13th century. In English, it added the meaning 'mentally deficient' in the 14th century.
594:
903:
116:' (as opposed to someone with a political office), 'a common man', 'a person lacking professional skill, layman', later 'unskilled', 'ignorant', derived from the adjective
540:
889:
619:
1199:
521:
1121:
1194:
564:
297:
A few authors have used "idiot" characters in novels, plays and poetry. Often these characters are used to highlight or indicate something else (
929:
850:
819:
788:
757:
476:
675:
484:
447:
954:
1209:
907:
1189:
506:
380:; I mean someone who could feel the thrilling fascination of such a combination of the sublime, the sick and the childish."
1070:
153:
468:
401:
145:
to say that it is selfish and foolish not to participate in public life. But this is not how the Greeks used the word.
602:
198:
had a mental age of seven to ten years. The term "idiot" was used to refer to people having an IQ below 30 IQ, or
866:
420:
996:
104:
1020:
210:
171:
74:
62:
1159:
307:
98:
31:
1173:
1138:
670:
364:
263:
199:
170:
In 19th- and early 20th-century medicine and psychology, an "idiot" was a person with a very profound
933:
1066:
983:
369:
336:
78:
61:'Idiot' was formerly a technical term in legal and psychiatric contexts for some kinds of profound
156:
as saying: " regard... him who takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless" (
148:
It is certainly true that the Greeks valued civic participation and criticized non-participation.
883:
872:
Manual of the
International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death
698:
651:
501:
332:
322:
70:
846:
815:
811:
784:
753:
749:
611:
576:
443:
349:
312:
179:
870:
842:
780:
585:
724:
643:
302:
175:
1132:
85:, its use to describe people with mental disabilities is considered archaic and offensive.
317:
186:. Individuals with the lowest mental age level (less than three years) were identified as
138:
113:
1115:
240:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1125:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 597–618.
745:
Medical aspects of disability: a handbook for the rehabilitation professional
615:
1168:
748:(third edition, illustrated ed.), Springer Publishing Company, p.
354:
341:
82:
66:
807:
Correct Choice of Words' : English
Grammar Series for Filipino Lawyers
178:
proposed a classification system for intellectual disability based on the
298:
702:
1131:
133:
was borrowed in the meaning 'uneducated', 'ignorant', 'common', and in
425:
17:
742:
Zaretsky, Herbert H.; Richter, Edwin F.; Eisenberg, Myron G. (2005),
690:
373:
159:τόν τε μηδὲν τῶνδε μετέχοντα οὐκ ἀπράγμονα, ἀλλ᾽ ἀχρεῖον νομίζομεν
126:
36:
930:"Ballot Initiatives: No to Gay Marriage, Anti-Abortion Measures"
634:
Parker, Walter C. (January 1, 2005). "Teaching against Idiocy".
556:
a. R.L. Gibson (Louisiana), "Notes of
European Travel--France",
274:
of several U.S. states, "idiots" do not have the right to vote:
1114:
220:
485:
477:
157:
117:
112:'a private person, individual' (as opposed to the state), 'a
102:
1025:
402:"The Clinical History of 'Moron,' 'Idiot,' and 'Imbecile'"
174:, being diagnosed with "idiocy". In the early 1900s, Dr.
213:" or "profound mental subnormality" with IQ under 20.
715:
Sparkes, A. W. (1988). "Idiots, ancient and modern".
984:
166:
Disability and early classification and nomenclature
1142:. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1097:'s 1920 translation does not contain these words.)
776:The Social Construction of Intellectual Disability
601:
209:, 1977), these people were said to have "profound
1039:Glossary of Names in Nietzsche's "The Antichrist"
58:, in modern use, is a stupid or foolish person.
810:(2003 ed.), Rex Bookstore, Inc., pp.
137:came to mean 'crude, illiterate, ignorant'. In
194:had a mental age of three to seven years, and
1205:Pejorative terms for people with disabilities
804:Cruz, Isagani A.; Quaison, Camilo D. (2003),
8:
1037:Michael Tanner and R.J. Hollingdale (1990).
97:The word "idiot" ultimately comes from the
888:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
358:the title refers to the central character
997:"Ohio Constitution, Article V, Section 6"
541:Trésor de la langue française informatisé
205:In the obsolete medical classification (
125:'personal' (not public, not shared). In
717:Australian Journal of Political Science
603:"Trump and the True Meaning of 'Idiot'"
393:
881:
779:, Cambridge University Press, p.
522:Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis
69:by other terms. Along with terms like
928:Sharples, Tiffany (5 November 2008).
906:. State of California. Archived from
582:The Free City: A Book of Neighborhood
462:
460:
415:
413:
411:
7:
1055:. Penguin Books. p. 153 (§ 31).
1200:Obsolete terms for mental disorders
878:. Vol. 1. Jeneva. p. 213.
281:Mississippi Article 12, Section 241
575::117:12 (October 1892), New York,
25:
1195:Slurs related to low intelligence
1167:
1153:
1136:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
600:Anthamatten, Eric (2017-06-12).
591:Ancient Greece in Modern America
267:adjudged mentally incompetent."
225:
622:from the original on 2022-01-03
563:(3rd series):1:375-405 (1856),
835:Vibeke Grover Aukrust (2011).
301:). Examples of such usage are
89:refers to a moral disability.
1:
1158:The dictionary definition of
1051:Nietzsche, Friedrich (1990).
589:d. John Robertson Macarthur,
372:applies the word 'idiot' to
986:See Article 12, Section 241
440:The Cambridge Greek Lexicon
1226:
932:. time.com. Archived from
904:"Penal Code section 25-29"
648:10.1177/003172170508600504
486:
478:
158:
118:
103:
29:
27:Person of low intelligence
1130:Pilcz, Alexander (1911).
867:World Health Organization
729:10.1080/00323268808402051
697::2:139-166 (April 2014),
421:Oxford English Dictionary
284:Ohio Article V, Section 6
234:This section needs to be
154:Pericles' Funeral Oration
1133:"Mental Pathology"
1001:www.legislature.ohio.gov
1210:Intellectual disability
1122:Encyclopædia Britannica
686:Matthew Landauer, "The
469:A Greek–English Lexicon
172:intellectual disability
63:intellectual disability
1190:Obsolete medical terms
1172:Quotations related to
1041:. Penguin Books. p 200
955:"Kentucky Section 145"
838:Learning and Cognition
404:. merriam-webster.com.
308:The Sound and the Fury
49:
32:Idiot (disambiguation)
1139:Catholic Encyclopedia
841:. Elsevier. pp.
773:Rapley, Mark (2004),
671:The Peloponnesian War
264:California Penal Code
200:intelligence quotient
40:
1089:here—the word idiot.
1067:Nietzsche, Friedrich
466:Liddell-Scott-Jones
278:Kentucky Section 145
30:For other uses, see
936:on November 9, 2008
337:William Shakespeare
608:The New York Times
502:A Latin Dictionary
323:William Wordsworth
211:mental retardation
50:
852:978-0-12-381438-8
821:978-971-23-3686-7
790:978-0-521-00529-6
759:978-0-8261-7973-9
350:Fyodor Dostoevsky
313:Daphne du Maurier
255:
254:
16:(Redirected from
1217:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1135:
1126:
1118:
1116:"Insanity"
1098:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1075:. Archived from
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692:Political Theory
684:
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636:Phi Delta Kappan
630:
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580:c. Bouck White,
570:The Sanitary Era
554:
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438:J. Diggle, ed.,
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303:William Faulkner
262:Until 2007, the
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982:
978:
968:
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965:on 12 July 2018
953:
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685:
681:
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623:
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558:De Bow's Review
555:
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114:private citizen
95:
35:
28:
23:
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1177:
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1148:External links
1146:
1145:
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1127:
1113:, ed. (1911).
1111:Chisholm, Hugh
1105:
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1099:
1072:The Antichrist
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1053:The Antichrist
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293:In literature
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39:
33:
19:
1176:at Wikiquote
1160:
1137:
1120:
1095:H.L. Mencken
1087:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:the original
1071:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
1000:
991:
979:
967:. Retrieved
963:the original
958:
949:
938:. Retrieved
934:the original
923:
912:. Retrieved
908:the original
898:
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861:
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806:
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669:
668:Thucydides,
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624:. Retrieved
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217:Regional law
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143:
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109:
96:
87:Moral idiocy
60:
55:
53:
51:
46:Evert Larock
41:
1006:17 December
969:17 December
959:state.ky.us
182:concept of
180:Binet-Simon
1184:Categories
1083:2007-09-21
940:2009-02-26
914:2007-09-21
676:Thuc. 2.40
626:2017-06-26
519:du Cange,
384:References
184:mental age
150:Thucydides
135:Late Latin
884:cite book
656:144893136
616:0362-4331
389:Citations
370:Nietzsche
355:The Idiot
352:'s novel
342:King Lear
192:imbeciles
93:Etymology
42:The Idiot
1069:(1895).
1022:Election
869:(1977).
705:, p. 145
703:24571390
620:Archived
593:, 1943,
584:, 1919,
454:, p. 702
442:, 2021,
378:décadent
299:allegory
75:imbecile
67:replaced
1104:Sources
812:444–445
688:Idiōtēs
479:ἰδιώτης
318:Rebecca
270:In the
236:updated
152:quotes
110:idiōtēs
105:ἰδιώτης
849:
818:
787:
756:
701:
654:
614:
595:p. 195
577:p. 210
565:p. 389
446:
333:Edmund
196:morons
188:idiots
139:French
131:idiota
83:cretin
79:retard
48:(1892)
18:Idiocy
1174:Idiot
1161:idiot
876:(PDF)
843:95–96
699:JSTOR
652:S2CID
586:p. 53
487:ἴδιος
374:Jesus
335:from
207:ICD-9
127:Latin
123:idios
119:ἴδιος
101:noun
99:Greek
71:moron
56:idiot
1008:2018
971:2018
890:link
847:ISBN
816:ISBN
785:ISBN
754:ISBN
612:ISSN
546:s.v.
528:s.v.
508:s.v.
483:and
474:s.v.
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427:s.v.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
