385:
341:
513:
town of Ieper is situated in western
Belgium, at the southern end of a small, NW-SE oriented depression (15 to 20 metres (49 to 66 ft) above mean sea level), surrounded from north to south by a series of low hills (between 25 and 45 metres (82 and 148 ft)). Dumont probably envisaged the elevated zones a few km north and east of Ieper (St.-Jan, Zillebeke, etc.), where clay beds have been quarried for brick and tile making for quite a long time.
392:
512:
In the original description of his newly introduced
Ypresian stage Dumont (1850) did mention neither stratotype nor type locality. He simply referred to the "collines d'Ypres" or Ieper Hills, as the area where the unit is best developed. However, it remains unclear what is meant by this term. The
1573:
Dupuis, Christian; Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Steurbaut, Etienne; Berggren, William A.; Ouda, Khaled; Magioncalda, Roberto; Cramer, Benjamin S.; Kent, Dennis V.; Speijer and Claus
Heilmann-Clausen, Robert P. (2003),
595:
in the
Prebetic realm of the Betic Cordillera, all in Spain. Other proposed type sections for the Ypresian-Lutetian boundary are located in France, Italy, Israel, Tunisia, Morocco, Cuba and Mexico.
603:
The Ieper Group was redefined by
Steurbaut in 2006, and is since 2017 subdivided into five formations by the National Commission for the Stratigraphy of Belgium, from youngest to oldest:
1291:
1217:
1001:
516:
A new stratotype for the
Lutetian was proposed by Blondeau (1981) about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Paris. The neostratotype is located on the right bank of the river
1369:
Smith, T.; Smith, R. (2003), "Terrestrial mammals as biostratigraphic indicators in upper
Paleocene-lower Eocene marine deposits of the southern North Sea Basin",
1524:"Integrated magnetobiochronology of the Early/Middle Eocene transition at Agost (Spain): Implications for defining the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary stratotype"
968:(like the Ieper Group early Eocene in age). Unlike the Zenne Group, the Ieper Group can also occur in more southern parts of Belgium, for example in the
1668:
540:
1628:
555:
define the
Ypresian sequence. Several other proposals for the lithostratigraphic redefinition of the top of the Ypresian exist; among others the
1653:
1678:
1673:
1633:
1320:
Steurbaut, Etienne; De
Ceukelaire, Marleen; Lanckacker, Tim; Matthijs, Johan; Stassen, Peter; Van Baelen, Hervé; Vandenberghe, Noël (2017),
1490:
Molina, Eustoquio; Gonzalvo, Concepción; Mancheño, Miguel A.; Ortiz, Silvia; Schmitz, Birger; Thomas, Ellen; von Salis, Katharina (2006),
1492:"Integrated stratigraphy and chronostratigraphy across the Ypresian-Lutetian transition in the Fortuna Section (Betic Cordillera, Spain)"
1330:
1663:
1658:
384:
1623:
1638:
1244:
536:
1321:
227:
1496:
1643:
1233:
1061:
572:
1580:
1466:
1422:
1279:
449:
1267:
736:
136:
1255:
576:
556:
1648:
1465:
Guerrera, F.; Mancheño, M.A.; Martín Martín, M.; Raffaelli, G.; Rodríguez
Estrella, T.; Serrano, F. (2014),
1104:
1006:
521:
503:
273:
234:
1131:
507:
525:
1023:
1017:
1055:
568:
544:
552:
1589:
1540:
1431:
938:
685:
529:
438:
430:
148:
1523:
1522:
Larrasoaña, J.C.; Gonzalvo, C.; Molina, E.; Monechi, S.; Ortiz, S.; Tori, F.; Tosquella, J. (2008),
759:
548:
144:
1050:
1031:
612:
356:
543:(ICS) for the Ypresian is set in the Dababiya section close to Luxor, Egypt, where the uppermost
1447:
1036:
922:
824:
584:
461:
320:
316:
132:
1576:"The Dababiya Quarry Section: Lithostratigraphy, clay mineralogy, geochemistry and paleontology"
969:
1205:
1388:
1350:
1042:
1597:
1556:
1548:
1505:
1439:
1397:
882:
650:
588:
564:
560:
178:
163:
930:
793:
468:
422:
328:
324:
140:
1509:
1593:
1544:
1435:
1471:
1383:
1345:
480:
446:
414:
266:
122:
1617:
1575:
1552:
1491:
1011:
950:
472:
457:
312:
308:
72:
29:
1127:
1100:
957:
877:
173:
1295:
1221:
965:
645:
158:
47:
517:
92:
57:
288:
275:
249:
236:
1467:"Paleogene evolution of the External Betic Zone and geodynamic implications"
961:
814:
743:
716:
658:
215:
205:
201:
97:
41:
1601:
1402:
989:
637:
580:
497:
453:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
33:
1560:
1531:
1451:
946:
693:
442:
434:
346:
102:
77:
981:
592:
465:
1443:
937:, is found in the subsurface of western and central Belgium and the
476:
371:
985:
942:
934:
926:
1384:"Paleogene and Neogene lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)"
464:(55.8 to 48.6 million years ago, the oldest age of the
1323:
An update of the lithostratigraphy of the Ieper Group
1208:- National Commission for the Stratigraphy of Belgium
956:
The Ieper Group lies stratigraphically on top of the
1282:- National Commission on the Stratigraphy of Belgium
1270:- National Commission on the Stratigraphy of Belgium
1258:- National Commission on the Stratigraphy of Belgium
1002:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Belgium
1331:
National Commission for the Stratigraphy of Belgium
367:
362:
352:
334:
304:
265:
226:
221:
211:
197:
192:
184:
169:
154:
128:
118:
21:
929:. It occurs in the west and north of Belgium, the
8:
980:The Tielt Formation has provided fossils of
1371:Geological Society of America Special Paper
941:, which comprises an alternation of clay,
605:
471:). Both age and group are named after the
18:
1401:
1382:Laga, P.; Louwye, S.; Geets, S. (2001),
1123:
1121:
894:
852:
837:
806:
772:
755:
700:
668:
664:
541:International Commission on Stratigraphy
1075:
1128:Ypresian/Lutetian boundary stratotype
445:. The group is subdivided into three
7:
1420:from the Lower Eocene of Belgium",
591:, and the Fortuna section north of
537:Global Stratotype Section and Point
391:
571:in the Gorrondatxe section of the
14:
925:predominantly consists of marine
1553:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00096.x
1510:10.1127/0078-0421/2006/0042-0001
1416:Willems, W (1974), "An aberrant
390:
383:
339:
1669:Geography of Hainaut (province)
1629:Geologic formations of Belgium
1160:Larrasoaña et al., 2008, p.411
1151:Larrasoaña et al., 2008, p.396
1:
1654:Geography of Antwerp Province
579:, the Agost section close to
16:Geologic formation in Belgium
1679:Geography of Walloon Brabant
1674:Geography of Flemish Brabant
1634:Lithostratigraphy of Belgium
1178:Guerrera et al., 2014, p.172
1045:of the western United States
1039:of the eastern United States
841:
820:
751:
641:
267:Approximate paleocoordinates
188:>225 m (738 ft)
1497:Newsletters on Stratigraphy
1344:Steurbaut, Etienne (2006),
1142:Bernaola et al., 2006, p.75
561:Austral or Magallanes Basin
1695:
1664:Geography of West Flanders
1659:Geography of East Flanders
1062:Laguna del Hunco Formation
679:
636:
501:
495:
1624:Geologic groups of Europe
1115:Dupuis et al., 2003, p.44
1091:Molina et al., 2006, p.15
892:
881:
876:
834:
823:
803:
792:
769:
758:
697:
684:
662:
649:
644:
378:
28:
1245:Mons-en-Pévèle Formation
1187:Molina et al., 2006, p.2
1169:Molina et al., 2006, p.8
835:125 m (410 ft)
524:and the large quarry at
452:, all formed during the
1639:Eocene Series of Europe
1307:Smith & Smith, 2003
1105:Encyclopedia Britannica
698:50 m (160 ft)
577:Basque–Cantabrian Basin
573:North Pyrenean Foreland
557:Punta Torcida Formation
504:Category:Ypresian Stage
1132:University of Zaragoza
804:25 m (82 ft)
770:25 m (82 ft)
539:(GSSP) defined by the
508:Category:Ypresian life
426:
418:
1602:10.2113/49.Suppl_1.41
1196:Steurbaut, 2006, p.76
1082:Steurbaut, 2006, p.74
1051:Itaboraian formations
1032:Wasatchian formations
1024:Silveirinha Formation
1018:London Clay Formation
933:, consisting of fine
487:History of definition
399:Ieper Group (Belgium)
149:Gentbrugge Formations
1403:10.20341/gb.2014.050
1234:Gentbrugge Formation
939:Gentbrugge Formation
690:Aalterbrugge Lignite
1594:2003MiPal..49S..41D
1545:2008Letha..41..395L
1436:1974MiPal..20..478W
1007:Ypresian formations
953:and West Flanders.
526:St. Vaast-les-Mello
285: /
246: /
30:Stratigraphic range
1581:Micropalaeontology
1280:Kortrijk Formation
1056:Itaboraí Formation
1037:Nanjemoy Formation
923:Kortrijk Formation
731:Kwatrecht Complex
551:and the lowermost
522:St. Leu d'Esserent
462:geologic timescale
1644:Paleogene Belgium
1423:Micropaleontology
1389:Geologica Belgica
1351:Geologica Belgica
1043:Wasatch Formation
914:
913:
777:Bois-la-Haut Sand
629:Maximum thickness
569:Azkorri Sandstone
545:Tarawan Limestone
483:name is "Ieper".
407:
406:
1686:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1528:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1454:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1396:(1–2): 135–152,
1378:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1328:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1292:Tienen Formation
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1218:Aalter Formation
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
964:) and below the
606:
589:Betic Cordillera
565:Tierra del Fuego
553:Thebes Limestone
535:Since 2003, the
479:, for which the
394:
393:
387:
345:
343:
342:
300:
299:
297:
296:
295:
290:
286:
283:
282:
281:
278:
261:
260:
258:
257:
256:
251:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
179:Tienen Formation
164:Aalter Formation
114:
44:
19:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1464:
1444:10.2307/1485134
1415:
1408:
1406:
1381:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1333:, pp. 1–79
1326:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1268:Tielt Formation
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
998:
978:
945:and fine sand,
931:Tielt Formation
919:
601:
510:
500:
494:
489:
403:
402:
401:
400:
397:
396:
395:
340:
338:
329:Walloon Brabant
293:
291:
287:
284:
279:
276:
274:
272:
271:
254:
252:
248:
245:
240:
237:
235:
233:
232:
176:
161:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
36:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:Ypresian Stage
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1570:
1539:(4): 395–415,
1519:
1487:
1472:Geologica Acta
1461:
1460:
1459:Other Ypresian
1456:
1455:
1430:(4): 478–479,
1413:
1379:
1366:
1341:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1300:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1256:Hyon Formation
1248:
1237:
1226:
1210:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1117:
1108:
1101:Ypresian Stage
1093:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1004:
997:
994:
977:
974:
918:
915:
912:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
896:
895:
893:
891:
888:
885:
880:
874:
873:
870:
866:
865:
862:
858:
857:
854:
850:
849:
846:
843:
839:
838:
836:
833:
830:
827:
822:
818:
817:
812:
808:
807:
805:
802:
799:
796:
790:
789:
786:
782:
781:
778:
774:
773:
771:
768:
765:
762:
757:
753:
752:
750:
747:
741:
739:
737:Mons-en-Pévèle
733:
732:
728:
727:
724:
723:Merelbeke Clay
720:
719:
714:
710:
709:
706:
702:
701:
699:
696:
691:
688:
683:
677:
676:
673:
670:
666:
665:
663:
661:
656:
653:
648:
643:
640:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
610:
600:
597:
549:Esna Formation
496:Main article:
493:
490:
488:
485:
427:Groupe d'Ypres
405:
404:
398:
389:
388:
382:
381:
380:
379:
376:
375:
369:
365:
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
349:
336:
332:
331:
306:
302:
301:
269:
263:
262:
230:
224:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
199:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
171:
167:
166:
156:
152:
151:
137:Mons-en-Pévèle
130:
126:
125:
123:Geologic group
120:
116:
115:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
26:
25:
24:Groupe d'Ypres
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1691:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:Fur Formation
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
991:
987:
983:
975:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
916:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
889:
887:Oosthoek Sand
886:
884:
879:
875:
871:
868:
867:
863:
860:
859:
855:
851:
847:
844:
840:
831:
828:
826:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:
800:
797:
795:
791:
787:
784:
783:
779:
776:
775:
766:
763:
761:
754:
748:
745:
742:
740:
738:
735:
734:
730:
729:
725:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
711:
707:
705:Vierzele Sand
704:
703:
695:
692:
689:
687:
682:
678:
674:
671:
667:
660:
657:
654:
652:
647:
639:
635:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
614:
611:
608:
607:
604:
598:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
509:
505:
499:
491:
486:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
441:of northwest
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
386:
377:
373:
370:
366:
361:
358:
357:Campine Basin
355:
351:
348:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:West Flanders
310:
309:East Flanders
307:
303:
298:
270:
268:
264:
259:
231:
229:
225:
220:
217:
214:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
180:
175:
172:
168:
165:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
35:
31:
27:
20:
1605:, retrieved
1585:
1579:
1564:, retrieved
1536:
1530:
1513:, retrieved
1501:
1495:
1481:, retrieved
1476:
1470:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1407:, retrieved
1393:
1387:
1374:
1370:
1360:, retrieved
1355:
1349:
1335:, retrieved
1322:
1314:Bibliography
1303:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1240:
1229:
1213:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1111:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1064:of Argentina
979:
976:Paleontology
958:Landen Group
955:
920:
907:Dormaal Sand
764:Mont-Panisel
749:A few meters
680:
672:Beernem Sand
655:Oedelem Sand
602:
599:Stratigraphy
534:
515:
511:
473:West Flemish
410:
408:
363:Type section
289:46.7°N 1.5°E
250:51.3°N 4.3°E
174:Landen Group
1561:2158/253940
1296:Fossilworks
1222:Fossilworks
1206:Ieper Group
1026:of Portugal
966:Zenne Group
899:Knokke Clay
861:Mt. Héribou
713:Pittem Clay
626:Lithologies
585:Agost Basin
456:, a single
435:rock strata
419:Ieper Groep
411:Ieper Group
292: /
253: /
228:Coordinates
159:Zenne Group
40:54–50
22:Ieper Group
1618:Categories
1607:2020-09-07
1566:2020-09-07
1515:2020-09-07
1483:2020-09-07
1409:2020-09-07
1362:2020-09-07
1346:"Ypresian"
1337:2020-09-07
1071:References
1020:of England
1014:of Denmark
970:Mons Basin
910:Sandstone
902:Claystone
872:Siltstone
864:Claystone
848:Claystone
788:Claystone
780:Sandstone
726:Claystone
708:Sandstone
686:Gentbrugge
675:Sandstone
502:See also:
450:formations
439:subsurface
1588:: 41–59,
1479:: 171–192
1418:Uvigerina
1377:: 513–520
1058:of Brazil
962:Paleocene
947:crops out
890:Sandstone
869:Het Zoute
832:Claystone
815:Siltstone
811:Kortemark
801:Sandstone
798:Egemkapel
767:Sandstone
746:sandstone
744:Micaceous
717:Claystone
659:Sandstone
620:Formation
368:Named for
294:46.7; 1.5
255:51.3; 4.3
216:Siltstone
206:claystone
202:Sandstone
193:Lithology
185:Thickness
155:Underlies
129:Sub-units
1504:: 1–19,
996:See also
990:reptiles
917:Outcrops
856:Orchies
825:Kortrijk
638:Ypresian
581:Alicante
498:Ypresian
492:Ypresian
475:town of
454:Ypresian
222:Location
170:Overlies
133:Kortrijk
34:Ypresian
1590:Bibcode
1541:Bibcode
1532:Lethaia
1452:1485134
1432:Bibcode
1358:: 73–93
982:mammals
960:(upper
845:Roubaix
829:Aalbeke
694:Lignite
587:in the
583:in the
559:of the
460:of the
443:Belgium
437:in the
429:) is a
374:(Ieper)
347:Belgium
335:Country
325:Flemish
321:Hainaut
317:Antwerp
277:46°42′N
238:51°18′N
198:Primary
109:↓
1450:
883:Tienen
878:Landen
651:Aalter
632:Notes
623:Member
593:Murcia
567:, the
547:, the
466:Eocene
447:marine
423:French
353:Extent
344:
327:&
305:Region
280:1°30′E
241:4°18′E
177:
162:
147:&
1527:(PDF)
1448:JSTOR
1327:(PDF)
986:birds
794:Tielt
681:Ieper
646:Zenne
617:Group
613:Chron
481:Dutch
477:Ypres
469:epoch
431:group
415:Dutch
372:Ypres
212:Other
141:Tielt
1298:.org
1224:.org
988:and
951:East
943:silt
935:sand
927:clay
921:The
853:C24r
842:C24n
821:C23r
785:Egem
760:Hyon
756:C23n
669:C22r
642:C22n
530:Oise
518:Oise
506:and
409:The
145:Hyon
119:Type
48:PreꞒ
1598:doi
1557:hdl
1549:doi
1506:doi
1440:doi
1398:doi
1375:369
1294:at
1220:at
1103:at
949:in
609:Age
575:or
563:in
532:).
520:at
458:age
433:of
1620::
1596:,
1586:49
1584:,
1578:,
1555:,
1547:,
1537:41
1535:,
1529:,
1502:42
1500:,
1494:,
1477:12
1475:,
1469:,
1446:,
1438:,
1428:20
1426:,
1392:,
1386:,
1373:,
1354:,
1348:,
1329:,
1130:-
1120:^
992:.
984:,
972:.
425::
421:;
417::
323:,
319:,
315:,
311:,
204:,
143:,
139:,
135:,
98:Pg
42:Ma
32::
1600::
1592::
1559::
1551::
1543::
1508::
1442::
1434::
1400::
1394:4
1356:9
528:(
413:(
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:Ꞓ
37:~
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