39:
31:
4868:
3290:, which applies the first argument (a function) to each of the elements of the second argument (a list), and returns the resulting list. The two lines are the two definitions of the function for the two kinds of arguments possible in this case – one where the list is empty (just return an empty list) and the other case where the list is not empty.
2811:
Haskell used to use this exact model for its
Boolean type, but at the time of writing, most Haskell programs use syntactic sugar "if a then b else c" construct which unlike ifThenElse does not compose unless either wrapped in another function or re-implemented as shown in The Haskell section of this
2219:
ifThenElse takes up to three arguments and once all are provided, it passes both second and third argument to the first argument(which is a function that given two arguments, and produces a result). We expect ifThenElse to only take true or false as an argument, both of which project the given two
1303:
is provided, which can be used as a conditional expression. However, it does not behave like a true conditional expression, because both the true and false branches are always evaluated; it is just that the result of one of them is thrown away, while the result of the other is returned by the IIf
1278:
First, when the user runs the program, a cursor appears waiting for the reader to type a number. If that number is greater than 10, the text "My variable is named 'foo'." is displayed on the screen. If the number is smaller than 10, then the message "My variable is named 'bar'." is printed on the
3297:
a choice construct, because it is possible in
Haskell to write only one alternative, which is guaranteed to always be matched – in this situation, it is not being used as a choice construct, but simply as a way to bind names to values. However, it is frequently used as a choice construct in the
1847:
computer. On that computer the test-and-branch op-code had three addresses for those three states. Other computers would have "flag" registers such as positive, zero, negative, even, overflow, carry, associated with the last arithmetic operations and would use instructions such as 'Branch if
1182:
Some argue that the explicit if/then statement is easier to read and that it may compile to more efficient code than the ternary operator, while others argue that concise expressions are easier to read than statements spread over several lines containing repetition.
2833:
or multiway branches) compare a given value with specified constants and take action according to the first constant to match. There is usually a provision for a default action ('else','otherwise') to be taken if no match succeeds. Switch statements can allow
331:
statements to write programs that are not spaghetti code and are just as well structured and readable as programs written in a structured programming language, structured programming makes this easier and enforces it. Structured
582:
In the example above, if the discount is 10%, then the first if statement will be evaluated as true and "you have to pay $ 30" will be printed out. All other statements below that first if statement will be skipped.
768:, which are similar to if statements, but return a value as a result. Thus, they are true expressions (which evaluate to a value), not statements (which may not be permitted in the context of a value).
723:
branch effectively adds an extra nesting level. This complicates the job for the compiler (or the people who write the compiler), because the compiler must analyse and implement arbitrarily long
1370:
passing 2 arguments: The first one being the condition and the second one being the true branch. Both arguments are passed as strings (in Tcl everything within curly brackets is a string).
3450:
This table refers to the most recent language specification of each language. For languages that do not have a specification, the latest officially released implementation is referred to.
2231:
to also pass an empty tuple () to the result of ifThenElse in order to actually call the chosen function, otherwise ifThenElse will just return the function object without getting called.
503:, it is possible to combine several conditions. Only the statements following the first condition that is found to be true will be executed. All other statements will be skipped.
674:
too. Similarly, the earlier UNIX shells (later gathered up to the POSIX shell syntax) use elif too, but giving the choice of delimiting with spaces, line breaks, or both.
311:
statement, gained in popularity, until it became the norm even in most BASIC programming circles. Such mechanisms and principles were based on the older but more advanced
4789:
1392:
Uplevel makes it possible to implement new control constructs as Tcl procedures (for example, uplevel could be used to implement the while construct as a Tcl procedure).
1130:
To accomplish the same using an if-statement, this would take more than one line of code (under typical layout conventions), and require mentioning "my_variable" twice:
2808:
Smalltalk uses a similar idea for its true and false representations, with True and False being singleton objects that respond to messages ifTrue/ifFalse differently.
1404:
The return value from the command is the result of the body script that was executed, or an empty string if none of the expressions was non-zero and there was no bodyN.
336:
statements like the example above are one of the key elements of structured programming, and they are present in most popular high-level programming languages such as
2035:
to the console. Else and else-if statements can also be chained after the curly bracket of the statement preceding it as many times as necessary, as shown below:
4248:
This refers to pattern matching as a distinct conditional construct in the programming language – as opposed to mere string pattern matching support, such as
4322:
statements combined with a particular source code layout. However, this also means that a distinct else–if construct is not really needed in these languages.
2234:
In a system where numbers can be used without definition (like Lisp, Traditional paper math, so on), the above can be expressed as a single closure below:
966:
part is compulsory, as every expression must have some value. Logic that would be expressed with conditionals in other languages is usually expressed with
4872:
4828:
746:, also called case-statement or select-statement. Conversely, in languages that do not have a switch statement, these can be produced by a sequence of
1598:) and its corresponding statement. In GCL, exactly one of the statements whose guards is true is evaluated, but which one is arbitrary. In this code
4739:
109:
return values. Many programming languages (such as C) have distinct conditional statements and conditional expressions. Although in pure
4764:
3412:
or that allow a programmer to assign a named function to a variable reference, conditional flow can be implemented by using a hash as a
2319:
Here, true, false, and ifThenElse are bound to their respective definitions which are passed to their scope at the end of their block.
4570:
90:
4622:
1377:
function receives the condition as a string value and is responsible to evaluate this string as an expression in the callers scope.
985:
can evaluate only the condition and proper branch (where a strict language would evaluate all three). It can be written like this:
140:
construction is used in many programming languages. Although the syntax varies from language to language, the basic structure (in
4894:
4793:
231:, which means "the variable x contains a number that is greater than zero" – and evaluates that condition. If the condition is
4337:
In
Haskell and F#, a separate constant choice construct is unneeded, because the same task can be done with pattern matching.
3749:
3674:
3597:
3225:
951:
945:
114:
3963:
3937:
3929:
3854:
3647:
3311:
2860:
1852:, and in cases such as integer arithmetic where overflow may occur, the overflow or carry flags would be considered also.
810:
806:
682:
678:
647:
316:
106:
2027:
if a random float value between 0 and 1 is greater than 0.5. The statement uses it to randomly choose between outputting
4113:
4063:
3435:
1630:
759:
102:
1439:
expression's type is known at compile time, each branch must evaluate to a value of the same type. For this reason, an
4318:
in the C family of languages, and in COBOL and
Haskell, is not a language feature but a set of nested and independent
4038:
4013:
3774:
1420:
1414:
799:
698:
341:
1373:
In the above example the condition is not evaluated before calling the function. Instead, the implementation of the
3518:
3493:
1873:
591:
385:
struggled to define which specific statement to target. Without clear boundaries for which statement is which, an
4495:
3724:
3148:
686:
292:
74:
constructs that perform different computations or actions or return different values depending on the value of a
2615:
The first example shows the first branch being taken, while second example shows the second branch being taken.
3568:
2866:
1591:
1583:
1060:
690:
337:
4845:
4825:
4500:
216:
4583:
1848:
accumulator negative' then 'Branch if accumulator zero' or similar. Note that the expression is evaluated
1830:
304:
110:
89:
is not usually classified as a conditional construct, it is another way to select between alternatives at
3143:
statements. It is available in many programming languages with functional programming features, such as
1427:
is always an expression. It evaluates to the value of whichever branch is executed, or to the unit type
296:
2322:
A working JavaScript analogy(using only functions of single variable for rigor) to this is as follows:
1625:
GCL is intended primarily for reasoning about programs, but similar notations have been implemented in
4743:
4647:
3456:
71:
4522:
2835:
375:
243:
2842:. In dynamic languages, the cases may not be limited to constant expressions, and might extend to
4511:
4351:
4249:
4214:
3431:
3425:
3409:
2851:
1865:
1843:
This was the only conditional control statement in the original implementation of
Fortran on the
1587:
730:
If all terms in the sequence of conditionals are testing the value of a single expression (e.g.,
4697:
4672:
4484:
Pattern matching was added in Ruby 3.0. Some pattern matching constructs are still experimental.
4813:
4718:
2198:, the concept of an if-then-else conditional can be expressed using the following expressions:
1079:
This means that it can be inlined into expressions, unlike if-statements, in C-like languages:
117:, many languages with conditional expressions (such as Lisp) support conditional side-effects.
4272:
4189:
3543:
3307:
1626:
697:
construct is not present, nor is it present in the many syntactical derivatives of C, such as
224:
212:, having intrinsic meaning (e.g., expressing a coherent logical rule) but no intrinsic value.
75:
4768:
1071:) for conditional expressions with a function that may be described by a template like this:
4537:
4505:
3661:
3475:
3464:
3144:
3132:
3127:
2843:
2826:
2821:
2612:
Another version of the earlier example without a system where numbers are assumed is below.
1064:
967:
743:
86:
51:
38:
4354:
matching is among the conditional flow-control alternatives available. For an example, see
1622:'s are the statements. If none of the guards is true, the program's behavior is undefined.
4832:
4532:
4517:
2195:
974:
595:
239:
are executed. Otherwise, the execution continues in the following branch – either in the
4643:
3438:
feature that enables instructions to be conditionally executed instead of modifying the
307:, which allows (virtually) arbitrary statements to be put in statement blocks inside an
200:) but having no intrinsic meaning. In contrast, the combination of this expression, the
3413:
1431:
if no branch is executed. If a branch does not provide a return value, it evaluates to
323:
influenced modern BASIC variants for many years. While it is possible while using only
85:
Conditionals are typically implemented by selectively executing instructions. Although
4557:
483:
problem, and is resolved in various ways, depending on the language (commonly via the
4888:
3933:
3470:
654:
because structure is denoted by indentation rather than braces, so a repeated use of
480:
361:
278:
1590:
supports conditional execution as a list of commands consisting of a
Boolean-valued
30:
4668:
4268:
4163:
3439:
2872:
2847:
2839:
1294:
1288:
667:
662:
would require increased indentation after every condition. Some implementations of
349:
258:
208:
surrounding it, and the consequent that follows afterward constitute a conditional
126:
2227:: if ifThenElse is passed two functions as the left and right conditionals; it is
4527:
3829:
3323:
1187:
814:
4878:
1930:
languages. A Boolean value is accepted within parentheses between the reserved
1649:
statement which jumps to one of three labels depending on whether its argument
867:; Assigns 'myvariable' to 1 or 2, depending on the value of 'x'
4609:
4459:
3988:
3803:
3799:
3699:
1923:
1642:
702:
345:
192:, having intrinsic value (e.g., it may be substituted by either of the values
141:
4693:
4623:"Efficient C Tips #6 – Don't use the ternary operator « Stack Overflow"
1861:
1840:
statements reference the following statement with one or two of the labels.
17:
4373:
SQL has two similar constructs that fulfill both roles, both introduced in
4867:
2213:
2206:
1927:
776:
382:
320:
4271:
sub-language that is used to modify the code before compilation; and to
549:
For example, for a shop offering as much as a 30% discount for an item:
27:
Control flow statement that executes code according to some condition(s)
4596:
1844:
1443:
branch is effectively compulsory unless the other branches evaluate to
677:
However, in many languages more directly descended from Algol, such as
638:
to avoid the large number of braces that would be required by multiple
295:
instruction). This led to a hard-to-read style of programming known as
4355:
2850:
example on the right, where the '*)' implements the default case as a
2201:
true = λx. λy. x false = λx. λy. y ifThenElse = (λc. λx. λy. (c x y))
1509:// This variant will not compile because 1 and () have different types
105:
are imperative constructs executed for side-effect, while conditional
4374:
2220:
arguments to their preferred single argument, which is then returned.
3572:
3326:, it is idiomatic to use them to implement conditional assignment.
3622:
3152:
780:
663:
312:
274:
37:
29:
716:...) can follow a conditional without being enclosed in a block.
3879:
3315:
1711:
Where e is any numeric expression (not necessarily an integer).
1075:
condition ? evaluated-when-true : evaluated-when-false
631:
287:
2212:
false takes up to two arguments and once both are provided(see
2205:
true takes up to two arguments and once both are provided (see
4138:
4088:
3904:
3319:
1319:
1313:
1299:
1068:
820:– the first of which was inspired to a great extent by ALGOL:
623:
2458:
The code above with multivariable functions looks like this:
1464:// Assign my_variable some value, depending on the value of x
981:, as ordinary expressions; the lazy evaluation means that an
4458:
works like a switch statement. For details and examples see
1325:
is not a keyword but a function (in Tcl known as command or
273:
In early programming languages, especially some dialects of
4740:"American National Standard Programming Language FORTRAN"
3151:
and many others. Here is a simple example written in the
1829:
is an unstructured control statement, and is not used in
1672:
This was the earliest conditional statement in
Fortran.
705:, and so on. This works because in these languages, any
1119:
which can be compared to the Algol-family if–then–else
630:
keyword both for its curly brackets or colon syntaxes.
1872:
as an abstract method that takes two parameters, both
1836:
In practice it has been observed that most arithmetic
977:, it is possible to write control structures, such as
315:
family of languages, and ALGOL-like languages such as
4597:
Haskell 98 Language and
Libraries: The Revised Report
3430:
An alternative to conditional branch instructions is
3343:"Enter the type of pet you want to name: "
4429:
4382:
3224:to patterns of data. Here is an example written in
184:In the example code above, the part represented by
4790:"Pythonic way to implement switch/case statements"
381:statements, classic programming languages such as
125:"if-then-else" redirects here. For the album, see
1127:) (and similar in Ruby and Scala, among others).
3216:The power of pattern matching is the ability to
1400:is actually a function it also returns a value:
4835:ECMAScript Language Specification, 5th Edition.
1267:"My variable is named 'bar'."
1246:"My variable is named 'foo'."
246:(which is usually optional), or if there is no
790:myvariable := if x > 20 then 1 else 2
4243:
1645:, the language Fortran has had an arithmetic
719:This design choice has a slight "cost". Each
8:
1926:uses if-else statements similar to those in
1297:and some other languages, a function called
4816:, Java Language Specification, 3rd Edition.
4262:
4256:
2019:The above example takes the conditional of
1856:Object-oriented implementation in Smalltalk
1719:This is equivalent to this sequence, where
3293:Pattern matching is not strictly speaking
3228:which illustrates both of these features:
606:. In Ada, the difference is that only one
4508:for another way to make execution choices
4341:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
3452:
2856:
2216:), it returns the second argument given.
1542:// Values can be omitted when not needed
4549:
3310:or comparable data structures, such as
2209:), it returns the first argument given.
257:After either branch has been executed,
4332:
4326:
3135:may be seen as an alternative to both
113:, conditional expressions do not have
4765:"VisualWorks: Conditional Processing"
4514:for history and historical references
2178:"It's a three-way tie!"
1380:Such a behavior is possible by using
370:keyword is made to target a specific
299:, with programs in this style called
7:
4610:If-then-else Proposal on HaskellWiki
4466:
3298:languages in which it is available.
1063:and C-like languages have a special
3306:In programming languages that have
1896:executing the second closure only.
1864:the conditional statement is not a
1860:In contrast to other languages, in
934:; Assigns 'myvariable' to 2
389:keyword could target any preceding
4873:Conditional (computer programming)
4267:An #ELIF directive is used in the
1934:keyword and a left curly bracket.
1892:executing the first closure only,
1604:G0 → S0 □ G1 → S1 ... □ Gn → Sn
393:statement in the nest, as parsed.
25:
4479:
4866:
3220:match not only actions but also
1888:, which both define the method,
1566:"x is greater than 20"
594:language for example, is simply
374:statement preceding it, but for
4625:. Embeddedgurus.com. 2009-02-18
261:returns to the point after the
235:, the statements following the
946:Haskell (programming language)
779:and some other members of the
693:, this special syntax for the
1:
4475:is obsolescent in Fortran 90.
4368:
4362:
3446:Choice system cross reference
3286:This code defines a function
575:print (you have to pay $ 10)
567:print (you have to pay $ 20)
559:print (you have to pay $ 30)
471:is associated with the first
285:statement could only contain
4767:. 2006-12-16. Archived from
4742:. 1978-04-03. Archived from
760:Ternary conditional operator
742:...), an alternative is the
291:statements (equivalent to a
4719:"If and if let expressions"
4584:POSIX standard shell syntax
2151:"Two people won!"
2100:"One person won!"
1616:'s are the guards and the S
1415:Rust (programming language)
356:The "dangling else" problem
4911:
4850:Documentation for Ruby 3.0
4571:Visual Basic ElseIf syntax
3423:
3125:
2819:
2816:Case and switch statements
2008:"You got Tails!"
1981:"You got Heads!"
1435:by default. To ensure the
1412:
1311:
1286:
943:
757:
359:
188:constitutes a conditional
124:
4879:IF NOT (ActionScript 3.0)
4496:Branch (computer science)
3474:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3455:
1868:but defined in the class
1366:invokes a function named
650:uses the special keyword
467:depending on whether the
227:condition – for example,
174:message= order new stock
34:If-then-else flow diagram
4644:"New Control Structures"
4358:Stack Overflow question.
3328:
3230:
3157:
3060:
2952:
2880:
2617:
2460:
2324:
2236:
2037:
1936:
1898:
1725:
1723:is evaluated only once.
1679:
1584:Guarded Command Language
1461:
1331:
1192:
1132:
1081:
987:
970:in recursive functions.
871:
822:
754:If–then–else expressions
709:statement (in this case
178:message= there is stock
4501:Conditional compilation
4422:if ... else if ... else
3408:In languages that have
3302:Hash-based conditionals
1455:can always evaluate to
764:Many languages support
610:is needed, if one uses
479:. This is known as the
269:History and development
250:branch, then after the
144:form) looks like this:
64:conditional expressions
4895:Conditional constructs
4826:Ecma-international.org
4314:The often-encountered
2836:compiler optimizations
2021:Math.random() < 0.5
1831:structured programming
1114:// In C-like languages
305:structured programming
111:functional programming
68:conditional constructs
60:conditional statements
47:
35:
4669:"uplevel manual page"
2854:matching any string.
954:98, there is only an
634:provides the keyword
297:spaghetti programming
78:expression, called a
41:
33:
4875:at Wikimedia Commons
4424:, whereas a "simple
3457:Programming language
3434:. Predication is an
3376:"Meowsles"
2829:(in some languages,
1880:has two subclasses,
1594:(corresponding to a
1578:Guarded conditionals
727:chains recursively.
541:-- other statements;
150:(Boolean condition)
72:programming language
4523:Relational operator
3410:anonymous functions
3187:"coconut"
973:Because Haskell is
534:-- more statements;
186:(Boolean condition)
4846:"Pattern Matching"
4831:2015-04-12 at the
4512:McCarthy Formalism
4352:regular expression
4250:regular expression
4215:Windows PowerShell
3763:Yes, but unneeded
3426:Branch predication
3388:"Tweety"
3308:associative arrays
3202:"banana"
2852:regular expression
1866:language construct
1123:(in contrast to a
787:as an expression:
590:statement, in the
555:discount < 11%
524:-- more statements
48:
36:
4871:Media related to
4558:PHP elseif syntax
4238:
4237:
4190:Visual Basic .NET
3172:"apple"
3119:
3118:
2827:Switch statements
2466:computationResult
2330:computationResult
1627:Concurrent Pascal
417:can be parsed as
16:(Redirected from
4902:
4870:
4854:
4853:
4842:
4836:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4792:. Archived from
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4694:"if manual page"
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4640:
4634:
4633:
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4630:
4619:
4613:
4606:
4600:
4593:
4587:
4580:
4574:
4567:
4561:
4554:
4538:Conditional move
4506:Dynamic dispatch
4483:
4474:
4470:
4457:
4456:
4453:
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4447:
4444:
4441:
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4295:
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4247:
3476:Pattern matching
3453:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3382:"Bird"
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3364:"Fido"
3362:
3359:
3356:
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3145:Wolfram Language
3133:Pattern matching
3128:Pattern matching
3122:Pattern matching
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2822:Switch statement
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2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1839:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1399:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1358:"Foo!"
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1302:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1076:
1065:ternary operator
1056:C-like languages
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
968:pattern matching
965:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
819:
804:
786:
749:
744:switch statement
741:
737:
733:
726:
722:
715:
696:
673:
661:
657:
653:
645:
641:
637:
629:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
589:
571:discount<31%
563:discount<21%
502:
490:
486:
478:
474:
470:
392:
388:
380:
373:
369:
335:
330:
326:
310:
303:. As a result,
290:
284:
264:
253:
249:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
207:
203:
199:
195:
139:
135:
87:dynamic dispatch
52:computer science
21:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4885:
4884:
4863:
4858:
4857:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4833:Wayback Machine
4824:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4799:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4749:
4747:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4628:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4607:
4603:
4594:
4590:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4564:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4533:Yoda conditions
4518:Named condition
4492:
4487:
4478:
4472:
4465:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4378:
4367:
4361:
4347:
4340:
4331:
4325:
4315:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4261:
4255:
4242:
3448:
3428:
3422:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3370:"Cat"
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:"Dog"
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3304:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3130:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:actionOnNoMatch
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3048:actionOnNoMatch
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:actionOnNoMatch
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2831:case statements
2824:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2202:
2196:Lambda calculus
2192:
2190:Lambda calculus
2187:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1858:
1837:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1639:
1621:
1615:
1608:
1588:Edsger Dijkstra
1580:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1397:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:). For example
1326:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1174:"bar"
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:"foo"
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1108:"bar"
1107:
1104:
1102:"foo"
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
963:
948:
942:
937:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
817:
802:
798:In dialects of
796:
791:
784:
774:
762:
756:
747:
739:
735:
731:
724:
720:
710:
694:
671:
659:
655:
651:
643:
639:
635:
627:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
596:syntactic sugar
587:
580:
547:
500:
497:
488:
484:
476:
472:
468:
465:
440:
415:
390:
386:
378:
371:
367:
364:
358:
333:
328:
324:
308:
286:
282:
271:
262:
251:
247:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:, it expects a
220:
205:
201:
197:
193:
182:
162:
137:
133:
130:
123:
99:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4876:
4862:
4861:External links
4859:
4856:
4855:
4837:
4818:
4806:
4781:
4756:
4731:
4710:
4685:
4660:
4635:
4614:
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4588:
4575:
4562:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4498:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4476:
4463:
4428:" expression:
4377:. A "searched
4359:
4338:
4323:
4276:
4253:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
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4141:
4135:
4134:
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4031:
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4019:
4016:
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3997:
3994:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3978:
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3956:
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3900:
3897:
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3872:
3869:
3866:
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3832:
3826:
3825:
3822:
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3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
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3777:
3771:
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3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3461:Structured if
3459:
3447:
3444:
3424:Main article:
3421:
3418:
3414:dispatch table
3329:
3303:
3300:
3231:
3158:
3126:Main article:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3061:
3058:
2953:
2950:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2820:Main article:
2817:
2814:
2749:λSecondBranch.
2656:λSecondBranch.
2618:
2461:
2325:
2237:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2200:
2191:
2188:
2038:
2033:You got Tails!
2029:You got Heads!
2023:which outputs
1937:
1920:
1917:
1899:
1857:
1854:
1822:
1819:
1726:
1716:
1713:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1638:
1635:
1617:
1611:
1600:
1579:
1576:
1462:
1413:Main article:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1332:
1312:Main article:
1309:
1306:
1287:Main article:
1284:
1281:
1193:
1190:
1185:
1133:
1082:
1073:
1057:
1054:
988:
944:Main article:
941:
938:
874:;; Common Lisp
872:
823:
795:
792:
789:
773:
770:
766:if expressions
755:
752:
551:
505:
496:
493:
444:
419:
395:
360:Main article:
357:
354:
327:statements in
301:spaghetti code
279:home computers
270:
267:
166:
158:(alternative)
146:
122:
121:If–then(–else)
119:
98:
95:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4907:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4807:
4796:on 2015-01-20
4795:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4771:on 2007-10-22
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4746:on 2007-10-11
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4720:
4714:
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4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4674:
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4586:
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4521:
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4510:
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4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4381:" expression
4376:
4371:
4370:
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4364:
4360:
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4343:
4339:
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4334:
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4328:
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4281:
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4264:
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4258:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4230:
4228:Fall-through
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
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4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
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4090:
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4079:
4077:Fall-through
4076:
4073:
4070:
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4065:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
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3934:Object Pascal
3931:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3918:Fall-through
3917:
3914:
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3818:Fall-through
3817:
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3788:Fall-through
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3586:Fall-through
3585:
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3574:
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3500:
3497:
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3491:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3471:Arithmetic if
3467:–select–case
3466:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3436:architectural
3433:
3427:
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3415:
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3327:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
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3223:
3219:
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3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3096:actionOnYandZ
3059:
3030:actionOnYandZ
2951:
2928:actionOnYandZ
2879:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2840:lookup tables
2837:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2737:λFirstBranch.
2644:λFirstBranch.
2616:
2613:
2459:
2323:
2320:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:
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2197:
2189:
2036:
1935:
1933:
1929:
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1918:
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1724:
1722:
1714:
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1669:
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1648:
1644:
1637:Arithmetic if
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1620:
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1597:
1593:
1589:
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1460:
1447:, because an
1422:
1416:
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1389:
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1371:
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980:
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971:
969:
961:
957:
956:if expression
953:
947:
939:
821:
816:
812:
808:
801:
794:Lisp dialects
793:
788:
783:family allow
782:
778:
771:
769:
767:
761:
753:
751:
745:
728:
717:
714:
708:
704:
700:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
669:
665:
649:
633:
625:
597:
593:
584:
578:
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570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
542:
539:
535:
532:
528:
525:
522:
518:
515:
514:-- statements
512:
508:
504:
494:
492:
487:statement or
482:
481:dangling else
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
409:
405:
402:
398:
394:
384:
377:
363:
362:Dangling else
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
322:
318:
314:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
280:
277:in the 1980s
276:
268:
266:
260:
255:
245:
226:
218:
213:
211:
191:
187:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:For example:
161:
157:
154:(consequent)
153:
149:
145:
143:
128:
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
96:
94:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
40:
32:
19:
4849:
4840:
4821:
4814:Java.sun.com
4809:
4798:. Retrieved
4794:the original
4784:
4773:. Retrieved
4769:the original
4759:
4748:. Retrieved
4744:the original
4734:
4722:. Retrieved
4713:
4701:. Retrieved
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4663:
4651:. Retrieved
4648:Tcler's wiki
4638:
4627:. Retrieved
4617:
4604:
4595:
4591:
4582:
4578:
4569:
4565:
4556:
4552:
4480:
4467:
4369:
4363:
4342:
4333:
4327:
4320:if then else
4319:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4275:other files.
4269:preprocessor
4263:
4257:
4244:
4164:Visual Basic
3449:
3440:control flow
3429:
3407:
3305:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3140:
3137:if–then–else
3136:
3131:
2873:Shell script
2848:shell script
2846:, as in the
2830:
2825:
2810:
2807:
2752:SecondBranch
2722:λifThenElse.
2659:SecondBranch
2629:λifThenElse.
2614:
2611:
2457:
2321:
2318:
2248:λifThenElse.
2233:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2193:
2018:
1931:
1922:
1859:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1824:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1581:
1459:by default.
1418:
1395:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1317:
1295:Visual Basic
1292:
1289:Visual Basic
1283:Visual Basic
1277:
1181:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1078:
1059:
982:
978:
972:
960:if statement
959:
955:
949:
797:
785:if–then–else
775:
772:Algol family
765:
763:
750:statements.
729:
718:
712:
706:
676:
668:Visual Basic
646:statements.
618:followed by
602:followed by
585:
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
540:
537:
533:
530:
526:
523:
520:
516:
513:
510:
506:
498:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
365:
350:Visual Basic
334:if–then–else
300:
272:
256:
214:
209:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
138:if–then–else
131:
127:If Then Else
115:side-effects
101:Conditional
100:
84:
79:
67:
63:
59:
56:conditionals
55:
49:
46:flow diagram
44:if–then–else
43:
18:If statement
4724:November 1,
4528:Test (Unix)
4471:Arithmetic
4420:works like
4350:construct,
3830:Mathematica
3432:predication
3420:Predication
3324:Objective-C
3196:dango_mochi
3024:'z'
3015:'y'
2994:'x'
2973:'a'
2922:'z'
2916:'y'
2904:'x'
2892:'a'
2740:FirstBranch
2647:FirstBranch
2496:_ifThenElse
2487:_ifThenElse
2357:_ifThenElse
2351:_ifThenElse
1825:Arithmetic
1515:my_variable
1470:my_variable
1451:without an
1188:Small Basic
1168:my_variable
1153:my_variable
1121:expressions
1084:my_variable
983:if function
815:Common Lisp
740:else if x=2
736:else if x=1
614:instead of
491:brackets).
217:interpreter
107:expressions
97:Terminology
4800:2015-01-19
4775:2007-09-09
4750:2007-09-09
4703:August 21,
4698:www.tcl.tk
4678:August 21,
4673:www.tcl.tk
4653:August 21,
4629:2012-09-07
4544:References
4460:Case (SQL)
4346:In a Ruby
4166:, classic
3989:QuickBASIC
3804:JavaScript
3800:ECMAScript
3700:Fortran 90
3544:Bash shell
3403:known_pets
3349:known_pets
3155:language:
3066:$ someChar
2838:, such as
2728:ifThenElse
2635:ifThenElse
2254:ifThenElse
1924:JavaScript
1919:JavaScript
1821:Stylistics
1643:Fortran 77
1388:commands:
1304:function.
1255:TextWindow
1234:TextWindow
1207:ReadNumber
1201:TextWindow
962:, and the
901:myvariable
834:myvariable
758:See also:
703:ECMAScript
666:, such as
529:condition
519:condition
509:condition
475:or second
346:JavaScript
190:expression
142:pseudocode
103:statements
58:(that is,
4074:Unneeded
4052:Unneeded
3949:Unneeded
3815:Unneeded
3785:Unneeded
3760:Unneeded
3735:Unneeded
3688:Unneeded
3633:Unneeded
3627:Unneeded
3608:Unneeded
3583:Unneeded
3218:concisely
3086:actionOnX
3075:actionOnA
3000:actionOnX
2979:actionOnA
2910:actionOnX
2898:actionOnA
2229:necessary
1907:condition
1862:Smalltalk
1850:once only
1715:Semantics
1596:condition
1586:(GCL) of
1261:WriteLine
1240:WriteLine
1125:statement
825:;; Scheme
626:uses the
499:By using
219:finds an
210:statement
80:condition
42:A nested
4889:Category
4829:Archived
4490:See also
4452:exprDflt
4414:exprDflt
4252:support.
3488:else–if
2961:someChar
2886:someChar
2214:currying
2207:currying
1913:ifFalse:
1874:closures
1560:println!
1396:Because
1279:screen.
777:ALGOL 60
383:ALGOL 60
321:Modula-2
229:x > 0
215:When an
170:stock=0
4316:else if
4273:include
3757:Needed
3750:Haskell
3397:my_name
3226:Haskell
3042:default
2719:λfalse.
2626:λfalse.
2245:λfalse.
2166:console
2139:console
2088:console
1996:console
1969:console
1910:ifTrue:
1878:Boolean
1870:Boolean
1845:IBM 704
1670:> 0.
1658:< 0,
1382:uplevel
1035:if'
1017:if'
990:if'
952:Haskell
940:Haskell
748:else if
725:else if
721:else if
695:else if
501:else if
495:Else if
391:if–then
379:if–then
372:if–then
329:if–then
283:if–then
259:control
225:Boolean
134:if–then
91:runtime
76:Boolean
4375:SQL-92
3964:Python
3938:Delphi
3930:Pascal
3855:Oberon
3648:Eiffel
3465:switch
3312:Python
3295:always
3222:values
3139:, and
2955:switch
2861:Pascal
2812:page.
2716:λtrue.
2623:λtrue.
2481:_false
2345:_false
2242:λtrue.
2055:random
1951:random
1815:label3
1785:label2
1755:label1
1706:label3
1700:label2
1694:label1
1676:Syntax
1641:Up to
831:define
818:
811:Racket
807:Scheme
803:
732:if x=0
707:single
683:Pascal
679:Simula
672:ElseIf
670:, use
648:Python
628:elseif
612:elseif
608:end if
588:elseif
577:end if
569:elseif
561:elseif
544:end if
527:elseif
517:elseif
485:end if
376:nested
317:Pascal
293:branch
263:end If
252:end If
180:End If
160:End If
70:) are
4881:video
4446:expr1
4408:expr2
4402:cond2
4396:expr1
4390:cond1
4114:Swift
4064:Scala
3623:COBOL
3485:else
3482:then
3337:input
3205:->
3190:->
3175:->
3163:fruit
3160:match
3153:OCaml
3036:break
3006:break
2985:break
2731:false
2589:=>
2559:=>
2535:=>
2502:_true
2493:=>
2475:_true
2435:=>
2429:=>
2423:=>
2411:=>
2405:=>
2393:=>
2387:=>
2363:_true
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1038:False
1011:->
1005:->
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636:elsif
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4680:2020
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4225:Yes
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3775:Java
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2257:true
2225:note
2160:else
2121:<
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2070:<
2049:Math
2025:true
1990:else
1957:<
1945:Math
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366:The
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342:Java
325:GOTO
319:and
288:GOTO
248:else
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237:then
233:true
206:Then
204:and
194:True
176:Else
172:Then
156:Else
152:Then
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4219:No
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4143:No
4139:Tcl
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3905:PHP
3899:No
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3669:No
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3642:No
3639:No
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3614:No
3602:No
3592:No
3589:No
3577:No
3573:C++
3560:No
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3519:APL
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3320:PHP
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