336:, Donnybrook, 2.3 km from the scene of the first shootings, another member of the Cairo Gang, Lieutenant Donald Lewis MacLean, along with a suspected informer, T. H. Smith and MacLean's brother-in-law, John Caldow, were taken into the hallway and about to be shot, when MacLean asked that they not be shot in front of his wife. The three were taken to an unused bedroom and shot. Caldow survived his wounds and fled to his home in
485:, narrowly escaped death after the IRA entered a guesthouse in Fitzwilliam Square where he was staying, looking for a Major Callaghan. On not finding their target, they debated whether or not to shoot Crawford. They decided not to shoot him because he was not on their list. Instead, they gave him 24 hours to leave Ireland, although the major left Ireland in no hurry despite that close call.
178:
599:. Igoe reported to Colonel Ormonde Winter. The Igoe Gang consisted of RIC personnel drawn from different parts of Ireland who patrolled the streets of Dublin in plain clothes, looking for wanted men. The gang posed a serious threat to Collins's apparatus and even caught a Volunteer whom Collins had brought to Dublin to identify Igoe.
196:'s photographic archive (five copies). An inscription describes the men as "the special gang F company Auxiliaries". The men in the photo are numbered, but there are no names or details on the back of the photos. Three other photos in the collection show Auxiliaries posing on vehicles in the grounds of
516:
a month before, was on the list. (Treacy had been killed by G men as he tried to shoot his way out of a trap on 14 October, a week before the day of the Cairo Gang assassinations.) When the IRA came calling for Murray, he had moved to an apartment across the street. He heard the gunfire at his former
169:
in
January 1921. Winter had been placed in charge of a new police intelligence unit, the Combined Intelligence Service, in May 1920, and his charter was to set up a central intelligence clearing house to more effectively collate and coordinate army and police intelligence. Those members of D Branch
152:
officers and former officers working for
Special Branch. Army Centre in Dublin hoped these officers could eventually be deployed to the provinces to support its 5th and 6th Division intelligence staff, but it decided to keep the unit in Dublin, at the Dublin District Division, commanded by Boyd. It
617:
The Gang was never penetrated by the IRA. Igoe later conducted secret service operations for
Special Branch over many years in other countries, but never returned to his farm in Mayo out of fear of reprisal. Brigadier General Winter appeared on Igoe's behalf to obtain an increase in his pension in
549:
Nineteen men were shot. Fourteen were killed on 21 November and
Montgomery died later, making fifteen in all. Five were wounded (including King's mistress). Ames, Angliss, Baggallay, Bennet, Dowling, Fitzgerald, McCormack, MacLean, Montgomery, Newberry, Price, Wilde, Smith, Morris and Garniss were
398:
Patrick Mahon and
Lieutenant Charles Ratsch Peel. The two intelligence specialists in the Gang, Angliss and Peel, had been recalled from Russia to organise British intelligence operations in the South Dublin area. Angliss had survived an assassination attempt when he had been shot at in a billiard
323:
were also killed. Woodcock was not connected with intelligence and had walked into a confrontation on the first floor of the
Pembroke Street house as he was preparing to leave to command a regimental parade at army headquarters. He was in his military uniform and, when he shouted to warn the other
143:
In
January 1920, the British Army Intelligence Centre in Ireland formed a special plain-clothes unit of 18 to 20 demobilised ex-army officers, and some officers still on active duty, to conduct clandestine operations against the IRA. The officers received training in London, most likely under the
348:
Just 800 metres away, at 92 Lower Baggot Street, another Gang member, Captain
William Frederick Newberry, and his wife, heard their front door come crashing down and blockaded themselves into their bedroom. Newberry rushed for his window to try to escape but was shot while climbing out by Bill
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five
British officers living in the house, he was shot in the shoulder and back, but survived. As Keenlyside was about to be shot, a struggle ensued between his wife and Mick O'Hanlon. The leader of the unit, Mick Flanagan, arrived, pushed Mrs Keenlyside out of the way and shot her husband.
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and others in his squad. A maid had let the attackers into 38 Upper Mount Street and indicated, at gunpoint, the rooms occupied by the two targeted men. Despite many accounts to the contrary, Byrne was not involved in the killings in
Morehampton Road that morning.
215:, Tom Cullen and Frank Thornton – were meeting with several D Branch officers nightly, pretending to be informers. Another IRA penetration source, participating in the nightly repartee with the D Branch men at Cafe Cairo, Rabiatti's Saloon, and Kidds Back Pub, was
303:
near Quin, and Clune and MacLysaght travelled to Dublin on the morning of Saturday, 20 November 1920, bringing with him the books of the Raheen Co-op for its annual audit. Clune was arrested in a raid on Vaughan's Hotel in Dublin, where he was a registered guest.
520:
Several IRA men carried sledgehammers with them the morning of 21 November, because they expected to encounter bolted doors. They did not find any, but T. Ryle Dwyer claims that they used them to smash the skulls and faces of some of the officers they had shot.
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The remaining Cairo Gang members, along with many other spies, fled to Dublin Castle or England, fearing they were next. Another member committed suicide in Dublin Castle. The deaths and flights dealt a severe blow to British intelligence gathering in Ireland.
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of killed and wounded notes that, in addition to Caldow, Captain Brian Keenlyside, Colonel Hugh Montgomery, Major (Wilfrid) Woodcock and Lieutenant Randolph Murray were wounded. On 10 December 1920, Montgomery died of the wounds he received on Bloody Sunday.
497:, the IRA failed to find their target, Captain Thomas Jennings. Other targets who escaped were Captain Jocelyn Hardy and Major William Lorraine King, a colleague of Hardy who was missing when Joe Dolan burst into King's room. According to the prim
234:
All the members of the D Branch were under IRA surveillance for several weeks, and intelligence was gathered from sympathisers, for example, who was coming home at strange hours, thereby indicating that they were allowed to violate the military
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Eventually, another group of intelligence operatives, known officially as the Identification Branch of the Combined Intelligence Service (CIS), took the fight to the IRA. The group was known informally as The Igoe Gang, named after its leader
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Two members of the Auxiliary Cadet Division, Temporary Cadets Frank Garniss, aged 34, and Cecil Augustus Morris, aged 24, were among a patrol of Auxiliaries who responded to the scene of one of the attacks, armed with .45 calibre
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Clancy and McKee were picked up by Crown forces on the evening of Saturday, 20 November. They were tortured and later shot dead "while trying to escape". Tortured and killed with them was Conor Clune, the nephew of Archbishop
164:
Following the events of Bloody Sunday, 21 November 1920, when twelve D Branch officers were assassinated by the IRA under the command of Michael Collins, D Branch was transferred to the command of Brigadier-General Sir
116:, and it has been suggested that they received the name because they often held meetings at Cafe Cairo, at 59 Grafton Street in Dublin. Earlier books on the 1919–1923 period do not refer to the Cairo Gang by that name.
283:, because the large crowds around Dublin would allow the members of The Squad to move about more easily, and make it more difficult for the British to detect them before and after they carried out the assassinations.
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for McCormack and Wilde does not indicate any rank for the latter – in fact, he was a discharged army officer who had been a British consul in Spain. McCormack's killing was a mistake. He was a member of the
239:. The IRA Dublin Brigade and the IRAID then pooled their resources and intelligence to draw up a hit list of suspected Cairo Gang members, and set the date for the assassinations to be carried out as
386:. He had survived an assassination attempt when a bullet grazed his head. This time he was shot twice in the head. The documents found in his house detailed the movements of senior IRA members.
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and was in Ireland to buy horses for the British Army. He was shot in bed and Collins later acknowledged the error. Unlike the other British officers, McCormack, a Catholic from
570:. He was later tried for shooting a member of the National Army, and convicted for killing a man for bringing a bag of tomatoes into the bar at the Theatre Royal, Dublin.
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were approaching the house, the unit of eleven men split up into two groups, the first leaving by the front door, the second through the laneway at the back of the house.
454:. The IRA unit got to their rooms by pretending to be British soldiers with important dispatches. When the men opened their doors they were shot and killed. A listing in
312:
At 9:00 a.m., members of the Squad entered 28 Pembroke Street. The first British agents to die were Major Charles Milne Cholmeley Dowling and Captain Leonard Price.
59:(IRA) with, according to information gathered by the IRA Intelligence Department (IRAID), the intention of disrupting the IRA by assassination. Originally commanded by
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were arrested later and, despite their protestations of innocence and 19 false witnesses attesting to alibis, were convicted and hanged for murder on 14 March 1921.
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officers and a civilian informer, were simultaneously assassinated in Dublin on the early morning of Sunday 21 November 1920 by the IRA assassination unit known as
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211:. Mannix provided the IRAID with a list of names and addresses of all the members of the Cairo Gang. Collins's case officers on the intelligence staff –
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Peel, hearing the shots, managed to block his bedroom door and survived even though more than a dozen bullets were fired into his room. When members of
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By 1920, the IRA's Dublin headquarters, under the direction of Michael Collins, had, through assassination and intelligence penetration, eliminated the
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who worked in the rooming houses where the D Branch officers lived, and all of their comings and goings were meticulously reported to Collins's staff.
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killed. Keenlyside, Woodcock, Murray and Caldow were wounded. Peel and others escaped. The dead included members of the "Cairo Gang", British Army
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At 119 Baggot Street, a three-man unit killed Captain Geoffrey Thomas Baggallay, a barrister who had been employed as a prosecutor under the
1121:"STRANGE SHOOTING IN DUBLIN THEATRE; Coroner Finds Lieut. Teeling, Free State Officer, Killed Civic Guard in Self Defense. (Published 1923)"
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112:" of the British unit derived from a common history of service in the Middle East, but that is disputed by some Irish historians, such as
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who survived Bloody Sunday were very unhappy to be transferred from army command to CIS command and, for the next six months, until the
148:, which had been part of Britain's Directorate of Home Intelligence since February 1919. They may also have received some training from
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lodging and fired his revolver at an IRA sentry outside. The sentry was hit and took cover inside the house. The Volunteers moved on.
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533:. Garniss and Morris were shot and killed as they sought to cordon off the rear of one of the scenes of assassination.
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Major Frank Murray Maxwell Hallowell Carew, an intelligence officer who, with Captain Price, had almost cornered
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and Captain George Bennett, were made to stand facing the wall on a bed in a downstairs rear bedroom and shot by
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The IRA Intelligence Department (IRAID) was receiving information from numerous well-placed sources, including
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was captured during the operation. He was court-martialled and sentenced to hang but escaped from
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161:. In May 1920, Lieutenant Colonel Walter Wilson arrived in Dublin to take command of D Branch.
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Captain Brian Christopher Headlam Keenlyside, Colonel Wilfrid Woodcock and Lieutenant-Colonel
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An IRA unit led by Tom Keogh entered 22 Lower Mount Street to kill Lieutenant Henry Angliss,
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A Record of the Rebellion in Ireland, 1919–1921 and of the part played by the Army in it
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Collins had recruited to infiltrate the G-Division. The IRA recruited most of the Irish
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British secret agents sent to snoop on IRA leaders during the Irish War of Independence
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The operation was planned by several senior IRA members, including Michael Collins,
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collection that is purported to show members of the Cairo Gang is lodged in the
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888:"National Police Officers Roll of Honour: Royal Irish Constabulary 1867–1922"
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in World War I. Clune was manager of the seed and plant nursery owned by
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937:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 1920-11-21. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
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Captain John Scott Crawford, in charge of motor repair of the British
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A Report of the Intelligence Branch of the Chief Police Commissioner
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British Intelligence personnel during the Irish War of Independence
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Who's Who in the Irish War of Independence and Civil War, 1916-1923
501:, Dolan took revenge by giving King's half-naked mistress "a right
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Captain Patrick McCormack and Lieutenant Leonard Wilde were in the
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British Military Intelligence in the Palestine Campaign, 1914–1918
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view of his many services to the Crown in Ireland and elsewhere.
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with a sword scabbard", and setting fire to the room afterwards.
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regulations and who had appeared for the prosecution in multiple
98:. The 14 deaths were the first killings of what was later dubbed
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Stapleton and Joe Leonard, after they had broken the door down.
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while interrogating prisoners – prior to his hanging, IRA man
295:, who had been senior chaplain to the Catholic members of the
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A photo purportedly of the Cairo Gang, but more probably the
1038:
The Squad and the Intelligence Operations of Michael Collins
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of the Dublin Brigade removed documents from their rooms.
890:. Police Roll of Honour Trust. 6 May 2009. Archived from
140:, were forced to look for external intelligence support.
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officers, the two Auxiliaries and a civilian informant.
1101:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 10 December 1920
916:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920
868:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920
846:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920
824:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920
802:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920
766:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920
744:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920
1075:(Edinburgh and London: Mainstream Publishers, 1996).
742:"Casualty Details: Charles Milne Cholmeley Dowling"
679:Imperial War Museum, General Hugh Jeudwine Papers,
30:"The Cairo Gang" redirects here. For the band, see
108:'s biography of Michael Collins asserts that the "
698:(London and Edinburgh: Blackwood and Sons, 1921).
1192:Blood For Blood: The Black and Tan War in Galway
1088:(Montreal: McGill Queens University Press, 2002)
438:that sentenced alleged IRA volunteers to death.
136:, the headquarters of the British government in
271:. The killings were planned to coincide with a
1248:(Cass Series – Studies in Intelligence, 1998).
822:"Casualty Details: William Frederick Newberry"
411:. Angliss was shot as he reached for his gun.
1301:British Army in the Irish War of Independence
200:. Those three photos are similarly numbered.
8:
1306:British Combined Intelligence Unit personnel
1099:"Casualty Details: Hugh Ferguson Montgomery"
935:Casualty Details: Baggallay, Geoffrey Thomas
403:fundraiser John Lynch, mistaken for General
696:Experiences of an Officer's Wife in Ireland
614:) was badly beaten by members of the gang.
90:. The operation was a meticulously planned
1179:Michael Collins: The Man Who Made Ireland
1154:"Court-Martial (Patrick Moran) – Hansard"
1012:Michael Collins: The Man Who Made Ireland
709:The British Campaign in Ireland 1919–1921
418:, who were on lookout, reported that the
800:"Casualty Details: Donald Lewis MacLean"
432:Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920
357:Two key members of the Gang, Lieutenant
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1281:Dublin in the Irish War of Independence
914:"Casualty Details: Henry James Angliss"
711:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975)
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844:"Casualty Details: Peter Ashmun Ames"
55:to identify prominent members of the
7:
659:. London: Arrow Books. p. 157.
382:, was killed a kilometre away at 28
67:, they were known officially as the
959:Leonard Wilde accessed June 11,2019
602:The Igoe Gang was accused of using
374:Sergeant John J Fitzgerald, of the
78:Twelve D-Branch members, including
1241:, Mercier Press, 1979, p. 153
628:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
493:In the Eastwood Hotel at 91 Lower
399:hall. He was targeted for killing
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1224:1921, Public Record Office (PRO).
1210:. Lilliput Press Ltd. p. 98.
1194:. Mercier Press, Cork pp. 178–181
999:Murdered Officers' Last Journey
786:"Murders at 119 Morehampton Rd"
407:, Divisional Commandant of the
562:Of the IRA men involved, only
155:Dublin District Special Branch
69:Dublin District Special Branch
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1086:The Irish War of Independence
1027:, Mercier Press, 1979, p. 153
866:"Casualty Details: G Bennett"
721:The Irish War of Independence
188:A famous photograph from the
1296:Deaths by firearm in Ireland
1255:(Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1996).
469:, was buried in Ireland, at
153:was known officially as the
134:Dublin Castle administration
1204:O'Farrell, Padraic (1997).
764:"Casualty Details: L Price"
463:Royal Army Veterinary Corps
194:National Library of Ireland
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595:Eugene Igoe, who was from
409:1st Southern Division, IRA
217:Dublin Metropolitan Police
130:Dublin Metropolitan Police
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297:Australian Imperial Force
53:Irish War of Independence
1291:Assassinations in Europe
971:"Capt Patrick McCormack"
376:Royal Irish Constabulary
308:28 Pembroke Street Upper
84:Royal Irish Constabulary
47:agents who were sent to
1073:Michael Collins, A Life
43:was a group of British
1040:(Cork: Mercier, 2005).
723:by Michael Hopkinson (
344:92 Lower Baggot Street
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1158:hansard.parliament.uk
510:3rd Tipperary Brigade
390:22 Lower Mount Street
353:38 Upper Mount Street
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57:Irish Republican Army
45:military intelligence
32:The Cairo Gang (band)
370:28 Earlsfort Terrace
328:119 Morehampton Road
243:, at 9:00 a.m.
219:Detective Constable
114:Conor Cruise O'Brien
1084:Michael Hopkinson,
694:Caroline Woodcock,
157:(DDSB) and also as
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71:(DDSB) and also as
1125:The New York Times
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707:Charles Townsend,
483:Army Service Corps
477:Fitzwilliam Square
471:Glasnevin Cemetery
436:military tribunals
420:Auxiliary Division
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172:Truce of July 1921
1127:. 29 March 1923.
612:The Forgotten Ten
426:119 Baggot Street
384:Earlsfort Terrace
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301:Edward MacLysaght
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683:. Volume II
597:County Mayo
514:Seán Treacy
363:Vinny Byrne
314:Andy Cooney
205:Lily Mernin
65:Gerald Boyd
51:during the
1275:Categories
1266:Cairo gang
731:), page 91
639:References
545:Fatalities
512:commander
473:, Dublin.
405:Liam Lynch
261:Tom Cullen
253:Dick McKee
213:Liam Tobin
209:Donnybrook
126:G Division
120:Background
82:officers,
41:Cairo Gang
1133:0362-4331
995:The Times
947:The Times
558:Aftermath
538:The Times
503:scourging
467:Castlebar
457:The Times
401:Sinn Féin
281:Tipperary
183:Igoe Gang
88:The Squad
18:Igoe Gang
655:(1991).
622:See also
338:Scotland
159:D Branch
73:D Branch
63:General
1014:, p.160
980:11 June
531:carbine
332:At 119
138:Ireland
128:of the
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920:4 June
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872:4 June
850:4 June
828:4 June
806:4 June
770:16 May
748:4 June
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529:and a
277:Dublin
237:curfew
49:Dublin
396:alias
293:Perth
289:Clune
225:moles
1165:2020
1140:2020
1129:ISSN
1107:2009
982:2019
922:2009
900:2009
874:2009
852:2009
830:2009
808:2009
772:2014
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