204:, many of which had not been previously available to researchers. They wrote that the Inuit whose camp was located on the Kazan River near Ennadai Lake and hunted caribou between Kazan River and Nueltin Lake, were known as Ennadai Lake Inuit. They hunted caribou between Kazan River and Nueltin Lake. In the summer of 1956 there were 30 men and women and 25 children. Twelve of the children were under five years old.
343:, who was not a historian, has been described as "creative non-fiction." Mowat, who advocated for the "people of the deer", was a popular, though controversial figure, who admitted that facts were not as important as the story itself. Four of Mowat's books were inspired by the Ahiarmiut. He wrote the first,
380:, F. J. Tester and Peter Kulchyski acknowledge contributions to Ennadai Lake people's history by Farley Mowat, but they note that although some of his statements may be accurate, his books cite no sources and therefore they use only archival material for their book.
285:
This apology is a tribute to their spirits and their memories. It is also an opportunity for all
Canadians to learn about and reflect upon a dark chapter in our history. I humbly and sincerely offer these words to all Ahiarmiut past and present. We are
407:
Globe and Mail obituary: "He was frequently criticized for playing fast and loose with facts in order to create compelling stories. At the
International Festival of Authors in Toronto, Mowat once declared: âFâk the facts. The truth is what is
212:
In the late mid-20th century, the
Ahiarmiut began a series of federal government sponsored relocations in order to "clear the land for government operations and to centralize Inuit populations under government control and surveillance".
1256:
290:
Bennett also apologized for the amount of time it took to get an apologyâwhen the legal claim was first filed, 27 relocated
Ahiarmiut were still alive, at the time of the apology there were only 21.
105:, the story of the Ahiarmiut and their search for justice has been shared. For ten years, starting in 1949, as part of a northern policy regarding Inuit communities, the Ahiarmiut were relocated to
599:
928:
980:
1020:
1137:
1350:
146:. The Ahiarmiut "subsisted almost entirely on caribou year-round, unlike other Inuit groups that depended at least partially on harvest of animals from the sea."
274:
of the
Ahiarmiut between 1949 and 1959. On January 22, 2019, the Canadian Government formally apologized to 21 survivors and their families in Arviat. Nunavut.
662:
275:
767:
496:
1306:
1053:
515:
281:
delivered the apology in the community, saying the forced relocations were because of a "colonial mindset" and caused "indignity, starvation and death":
97:, an Ahiarmiut elder, who was a child when his family was repeatedly relocated from Ennadai Lake by the federal government under then-prime ministers
320:
magazine, with the caption "Stone Age
Survivors", selected by the magazine as representing the most primitive of the Canadian Inuit. (King, 1998).
690:
442:
610:
75:
879:
704:
456:
785:
1335:
1253:
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1172:
916:
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932:
177:'s post managers at the company's Windy Post, located in 1936 on a portion of Windy River called Simmons Lake and later moved to
173:
By 1934, Ahiarmiut numbered 80, with 11 considered as heads of families. Their contact with
Europeans was limited, but included
727:
479:
906:
847:
201:
142:. Ahiarmiut were Caribou Inuit, an inland-dwelling people in the Barren Lands region, whose subsistence centred on hunting
255:
1085:
995:
323:
Decades later, Ahiarmiut again gained attention in
Ihalmio Elisapee (née Nurrahaq) Karetak's 2000 (English) and 2002 (
159:
1319:
1111:
327:) documentaries about her people's struggle and starvation during their 1950s relocation and the story of her mother
633:
668:
761:
499:
181:. Ahiarmiut traded their outer parkas, deerskin boots, and fur pelts at the post for guns, ammunition, and tea.
747:
421:, in which he criticized the federal government, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and Catholic missionaries.
1188:
1057:
543:"Nu-thel-tin-tu-eh and the Thlewiaza River. The Land of the Caribou Inuit and The Barren Ground Caribou Dene"
519:
174:
119:, among other places. In 2018, the Ahiarmiut and the Canadian government came to a settlement agreement of
1355:
996:"'Dark chapter in our history': federal gov't apologizes to Ahiarmiut for forced relocations | CBC News"
354:
143:
135:, are inland Inuit who were also "known as the ("People from Beyond" or "the Out-of-the-Way Dwellers").
79:
221:, but the relocation did not last as hunting was poor, precipitating the band's return to Ennadai Lake.
233:
270:
In 2018 the
Ahiarmiut and the Canadian government came to a settlement agreement of $ 5 million for
309:
271:
240:
116:
94:
34:
955:
1288:
1142:
954:
Canada, Government of Canada; Crown-Indigenous
Relations and Northern Affairs (22 January 2019).
345:
38:
1035:
1331:
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1249:
1217:
1168:
1014:
974:
912:
875:
840:
741:
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452:
299:
261:
In 1959, the Padlei trading post closed, and the remaining Ahiarmiut were relocated to Arivat.
98:
908:
Arctic Migrants/Arctic Villagers The Transformation of Inuit Settlement in the Central Arctic
102:
573:
546:
794:
503:
350:
304:
278:
120:
83:
71:
67:
868:
313:
197:
155:
1344:
600:"Ahiarmiut relocations and the search for justice: he life and work of David Serkoak"
163:
132:
733:
483:
340:
247:
218:
178:
139:
106:
59:
55:
1314:
1271:
Burch, Ernest S. (1978). "Caribou Eskimo Origins: An Old Problem Reconsidered".
51:
46:("People from Beyond") or ("the Out-of-the-Way Dwellers") are a group of inland
250:, 39 were at Yathkyed Lake, and the majority were brought to Eskimo Point, now
820:
Les Ahiarmiuts (1920-50): Dans la perspective de l'historie des Inuit Caribous
225:
110:
1284:
1175:
196:, F.J. Tester and Peter Kulchyski accessed archival documents, including the
696:
448:
324:
182:
186:
1292:
17:
994:
Jan 22, CBC News · Posted; January 22, 2019 1:59 PM CT | Last Updated.
217:
1949, Ahiarmiut were relocated against their will from Ennadai Lake to
87:
870:
Tammarniit (Mistakes), Inuit Relocation in the Eastern Arctic, 1939-63
194:
Tammarniit (Mistakes), Inuit Relocation in the Eastern Arctic, 1939-63
328:
251:
229:
167:
634:"Ahiarmiut and federal gov't reach $ 5M settlement for relocations"
482:. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. 30 April 2003. Archived from
793:, Beverly and Qamanirjuaq Caribou Management Board, archived from
47:
1086:"Taissumani, May 30: Farley Mowat and the North, an appreciation"
861:
859:
857:
855:
1315:(30 July 1996) "Ihalmiut Unwritten Laws of Life" Randy's Books
158:'s Barren Lands expeditions of 1893 and 1894 on behalf of the
1056:. Nunatsiaq News, nunatsiaq.com. 21 June 2002. Archived from
1036:"Inuit woman making pilgrimmage to discover her tragic roots"
1079:
1077:
1075:
593:
591:
316:
family were on the cover of the February 27, 1956, issue of
224:
In May 1957, Ahiarmiut were airlifted from Ennadai Lake to
417:
Mowat revisited the Ihalmiut and wrote his follow-up book
308:
magazine, in October 1937. An Ennadai Lake consisting of
1112:"The incredible, unconventional legacy of Farley Mowat"
692:
Sinews of Survival: The Living Legacy of Inuit Clothing
444:
Sinews of Survival: The Living Legacy of Inuit Clothing
232:
trading post, a distance considered reasonable by the
246:
In 1958, 29 Ahiarmiut went to Padlei because of its
1138:"Acclaimed Canadian author Farley Mowat dead at 92"
911:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002.
867:
667:, Iqaluit, Nunavut: Nunatsiaq News, archived from
162:, he reported that there were approximately 2,000
1330:. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998.
656:
654:
334:
1248:. South Royalton, Vt: Steerforth Press, 2001.
243:where some began carving figurines for income.
901:
899:
897:
831:
829:
518:. nunatsiaq.com. 21 June 2002. Archived from
200:Collection, which had been in storage in the
8:
979:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
138:Until 1957, their home was in the region of
1019:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
480:"To Improve the Lives of Aboriginal People"
349:in 1952, shortly after a field trip to the
598:Duhamel, Karine; Bernauer, Warren (2018).
1189:"Canadian author Farley Mowat dies at 92"
729:To Improve the Lives of Aboriginal People
545:. churchillrivercanoe.com. Archived from
1236:. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1975.
931:. marionscottgallery.com. Archived from
822:. University of Laval. pp. 339â340.
27:Group of inland Inuit in Nunavut, Canada
956:"Ahiarmiut Relocation Claim Settlement"
866:Tester, F.J.; Kulchyski, Peter (1994),
433:
400:
239:Later in 1957, Ahiarmiut were moved to
1326:King, J. C. H., and Henrietta Lidchi.
1012:
972:
739:
276:Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations
1351:Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada
570:"Re: excellent response to seal hunt"
335:Farley Mowat's "creative non-fiction"
202:Archives of the Northwest Territories
93:Through three decades of research by
37:
7:
1307:(21 June 2002) "Remembering Kikkik"
839:. Toronto: Key Porter Books, 2004.
266:Apology by the Government of Canada
228:, 72 km (45 mi) from the
689:Issenman, Betty Kobayashi (1997),
123:5 million for forced relocations.
25:
632:Malbeuf, Jamie (27 August 2018).
441:Betty Kobayashi Issenman (1997).
50:who lived along the banks of the
86:("Barren Lands") of present-day
1216:. Little, Brown and Co., 1959.
1187:Kennedy, John R. (7 May 2014).
1167:. Little, Brown and Co., 1952.
1034:Sanders, Carol (31 July 2006).
1234:Death of a People-the Ihalmiut
929:"Luke Anowtalik (1932 - 2006)"
363:Death of a Peopleâthe Ihalmiut
1:
1136:Martin, Sandra (7 May 2014).
1110:McGoogan, Ken (16 May 2014).
256:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1176:(Excerpt; Table of Contents)
1084:Harper, Kenn (30 May 2014).
572:. nunatsiaq. Archived from
568:B Trerice (18 March 2006).
192:In their 1994 publication,
160:Geological Survey of Canada
1372:
661:Nunatsiaq (21 June 2002),
383:Mowat misspelled the name
302:and his wives appeared in
763:The Ahiarmiut Relocations
497:The Ahiarmiut Relocations
236:. Many Ahiarmiut starved.
874:, Vancouver: UBC Press,
960:www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca
607:Northern Public Affairs
66:), as well as north of
766:, 2010, archived from
288:
818:Csonka, Yvon (1991).
502:May 29, 2008, at the
378:Tammarniit (Mistakes)
355:University of Toronto
283:
189:traded here as well.
144:barren-ground caribou
80:Northwest Territories
1214:The Desperate People
1054:"Remembering Kikkik"
746:: CS1 maint: year (
613:on 17 September 2021
516:"Remembering Kikkik"
359:The Desperate People
353:while attending the
234:Government of Canada
175:Hudson's Bay Company
1273:Arctic Anthropology
1246:Walking on the Land
935:on 29 November 2006
736:on 21 February 2011
419:Walking on the Land
376:In their 1994 book
367:Walking on the Land
310:Mary Ayaq Anowtalik
39:[ihalmiËut]
1328:Imaging the Arctic
1165:People of the Deer
1143:The Globe and Mail
787:20th Annual Report
671:on 15 January 2018
664:Remembering Kikkik
549:on 6 December 2007
346:People of the Deer
272:forced relocations
70:("Big River"), in
881:978-0-7748-0494-3
800:on 2 October 2013
300:Stephen Angulalik
99:Louis St. Laurent
16:(Redirected from
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486:on 26 June 2003.
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339:The writings of
166:, then known as
103:John Diefenbaker
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1265:Further reading
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1232:Mowat, Farley.
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1212:Mowat, Farley.
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1163:Mowat, Farley.
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835:Mowat, Farley.
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576:on 27 July 2018
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504:Wayback Machine
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351:Canadian Arctic
337:
331:at Henik Lake.
296:
279:Carolyn Bennett
268:
210:
152:
131:The Ahiarmiut,
129:
115:
84:Kivalliq Region
76:Keewatin Region
72:northern Canada
68:Thlewiaza River
28:
23:
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15:
12:
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5:
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1309:Nunatsiaq News
1302:
1301:External links
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1090:Nunatsiaq News
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1060:on 7 June 2008
1045:
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946:
920:
905:Damas, David.
893:
880:
851:
837:No Man's River
825:
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784:BQCMB (2002),
776:
773:on 29 May 2008
753:
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706:978-0774805964
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458:978-0774805964
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371:No Man's River
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314:Luke Anowtalik
295:
294:Media coverage
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198:Alex Stevenson
156:Joseph Tyrrell
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1336:0-7748-0672-9
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164:Caribou Inuit
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133:Caribou Inuit
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95:David Serkoak
91:
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58:, and Little
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1196:. Retrieved
1192:
1182:
1164:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1141:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1048:
1039:
1029:
1003:. Retrieved
999:
989:
963:. Retrieved
959:
949:
937:. Retrieved
933:the original
923:
907:
885:, retrieved
869:
836:
819:
813:
804:22 September
802:, retrieved
795:the original
786:
779:
768:the original
762:
756:
734:the original
728:
721:
710:, retrieved
691:
684:
675:22 September
673:, retrieved
669:the original
663:
641:. Retrieved
637:
627:
615:. Retrieved
611:the original
606:
578:. Retrieved
574:the original
563:
551:. Retrieved
547:the original
536:
524:. Retrieved
520:the original
510:
492:
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474:
462:. Retrieved
443:
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366:
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344:
341:Farley Mowat
338:
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248:trading post
219:Nueltin Lake
211:
193:
191:
179:Nueltin Lake
172:
153:
140:Ennadai Lake
137:
130:
127:Inland Inuit
107:Nueltin Lake
92:
63:
60:Dubawnt Lake
56:Ennadai Lake
43:
31:
29:
1279:(1): 1â35.
1193:Global News
1121:16 February
1095:16 February
1064:24 December
939:24 December
726:INAC (nd),
617:16 February
580:22 December
553:24 December
526:22 December
408:important."
357:. He wrote
298:A photo of
52:Kazan River
1345:Categories
1040:The record
1005:3 February
887:17 January
848:.html text
712:11 January
643:3 February
464:11 January
429:References
241:Whale Cove
226:Henik Lake
208:Relocation
117:Whale Cove
111:Henik Lake
82:, now the
64:Kamilikuak
1285:0066-6939
1257:(Excerpt)
965:8 October
697:UBC Press
449:UBC Press
385:Ahiarmiut
373:in 2004.
365:in 1975,
361:in 1959,
325:Inuktitut
254:, by the
183:Chipewyan
62:(renamed
32:Ahiarmiut
1293:40315917
1015:cite web
975:cite web
742:citation
500:Archived
389:Ihalmiut
44:Ihalmiut
18:Ihalmiut
154:During
150:History
109:, then
88:Nunavut
78:of the
1334:
1324:photos
1291:
1283:
1252:
1220:
1171:
915:
878:
843:
703:
455:
329:Kikkik
286:sorry.
252:Arviat
230:Padlei
168:Eskimo
113:, and
35:ááŽáȘá„á
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1320:1956
1289:JSTOR
1198:8 May
1149:9 May
798:(PDF)
791:(PDF)
771:(PDF)
603:(PDF)
395:Notes
187:MĂ©tis
48:Inuit
1332:ISBN
1281:ISSN
1250:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1200:2014
1169:ISBN
1151:2014
1123:2021
1097:2021
1066:2007
1021:link
1007:2019
981:link
967:2023
941:2007
913:ISBN
889:2019
876:ISBN
841:ISBN
806:2013
748:link
714:2008
701:ISBN
677:2013
645:2019
619:2021
582:2007
555:2007
528:2007
466:2008
453:ISBN
318:Life
312:and
305:Life
185:and
101:and
30:The
1000:CBC
638:CBC
387:as
74:'s
42:or
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