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444:, in Madrid. He joined the Corps of Engineers and lived in various cities in Spain before settling in Barcelona in 1848 and marrying Clotilde Bosch. After the death of his brothers, Cerdà inherited the family fortune, and left the civil service. He became interested in politics and the study of urban planning.
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city council. A political reversal led to a change in local government, and the new council sought to preempt the previous central government's decision by holding a project competition in 1859, which Cerdà lost; nevertheless, Cerdà's design prevailed, much to the chagrin of the major property owners.
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to be torn down, he realized the need to plan the city's expansion so that the new extension would become an efficient and livable place, unlike the congested, epidemic-prone old town within the walls. When he failed to find suitable reference works, he undertook the task of writing one from scratch
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Political developments in Spain and
Catalonia eventually led to the enshrinement of a revisionist version of how Cerdà secured official approval of his plan. Cerdà actually drew up his plan under the commission of the then competent authority, the Spanish central government, with the support of the
488:(the Spanish Parliament); drafted useful ground-breaking legislation, drew up a detailed topographical survey map of Barcelona's surroundings, and wrote a theoretical treatise to support each of his major planning projects. He actually coined a number of important words in Spanish, including
544:, without neglecting public and private gardens and other key amenities. The latest technical innovations were incorporated in his designs if they could further the cause of better integration, but he also came up with remarkable new concepts of his own, including a logical system of
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Cerdà focused on key needs: chiefly, the need for sunlight, natural lighting and ventilation in homes (he was heavily influenced by the sanitarian movement), the need for greenery in people's surroundings, the need for effective waste disposal including good
627:, though the low height of buildings and the gardens within every city block were soon dispensed with by politicians inclined toward property speculation. In addition, only one of the two planned diagonal streets was realized. Culturally, the
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was (and still is) inhabited by the well-to-do, instead of integrating social classes. Many of the
Catalan architects of his time opposed Cerdà's ideas, even accusing him of promoting socialism; in the end, however, they designed the
69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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level), until the very end. In the process, he lost all his family's inheritance and he died in 1876 a heavily indebted near-pauper, never having been paid for his chief masterpiece, the design of
Barcelona's
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that was essential to the success of his project, and produced a thorough statistical analysis of working-class conditions at the time, which he undertook in order to demonstrate the ills of congestion.
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462:, borrowing a few technological ideas from his contemporaries to create a unique, thoroughly modern integrated concept that was carefully considered rather than whimsically designed.
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Cerdà's plan for
Barcelona underwent two major revisions; the second version, approved by the Spanish government at the time, is the one still recognizable in the layout of today's
407:. Because of his extensive theoretical and practical work, he is considered the founder of modern town planning as a discipline, having coined the word "urbanization".
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Cerdà was a multi-faceted man who, in pursuit of his vision, gave up a steady job in the civil engineering service, stood for election and became a member of the
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He continued to create projects and improve existing designs throughout his lifetime, as well as to develop his theories taking on larger planning scopes (at the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
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Aibar, E., & Bijker, W. E. (1997). Constructing a City: The Cerdà Plan for the
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When the government of the time finally gave in to public pressure and allowed
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Fifteen articles on
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848:"Cerdà and Barcelona: The need for a new city and service provision"
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Teoría del Enlace del
Movimiento de las Vías Marítimas y Terrestres
431:, Catalonia, Spain, in 1815. He trained as a civil engineer at the
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The Rule and the Model: On the Theory of Architecture and Urbanism
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Pallares-Barbara, Montserrat; Badia, Anna; Duch, Jordi (2011).
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Las Caldas de Besaya, Los Corrales de Buelna, Cantabria, Spain
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Cerdá: the five bases of the general theory of urbanization,
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Teoría de la Viabilidad Urbana y Reforma de la de Madrid
814:. Barcelona: Viena Edicions / Ajuntament de Barcelona.
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Designed expansion of Barcelona known as the "Eixample"
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supply and large-capacity sewers to prevent frequent
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a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
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Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos
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153:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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239: and the second or maternal family name is
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36:expand this article with text translated from
16:Catalan urban planner and engineer (1815–1876)
419:Cerdà's gravestone, modelled on his plan for
397:who designed the 19th-century "extension" of
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636:façades that brought fame to the district.
591:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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611:Learn how and when to remove this message
334:Urban planner, civil engineer, politician
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
898:Ildefons Cerdà. Personalitat i ideologia
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874:Science, Technology, & Human Values
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452:while designing what he called the
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688:("General Theory of Ruralization")
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672:Teoría General de la Urbanización
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812:L'Eixample: 150 anys d'història
686:Teoría General de la Rurización
367:[ildəˈfonssəɾˈðaisuˈɲe]
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97:You may also add the template
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943:Urban planners from Catalonia
968:Burials at Montjuïc Cemetery
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699:Urban planning of Barcelona
278:Centelles, Catalonia, Spain
110:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
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512:the plan for new barcelona
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958:Engineers from Catalonia
810:Lluís Permanyer (2008).
782:Generalitat de Catalunya
748:. Routledge. p. 77.
746:Encyclopedia of the City
108:For more guidance, see
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744:Caves, R. W. (2004).
727:Ildefonso Cerdá Suñer
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359:Ildefons Cerdà Sunyer
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963:History of Barcelona
912:Barcelona Metropolis
585:improve this section
378:; 23 December 1815,
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759:Choay, F. (1997).
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427:Cerdà was born in
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382:– 21 August 1876,
264:Ramon Martí Alsina
89:interlanguage link
953:Spanish engineers
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933:1876 deaths
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880:(1), 3–30.
644:Major works
553:Controversy
437: [
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300:Nationality
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922:Categories
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666:intermodal
634:Modernista
449:city walls
173:newspapers
40:in Spanish
903:Biography
572:does not
534:grid plan
429:Centelles
411:Biography
399:Barcelona
380:Centelles
343:Signature
203:July 2023
103:talk page
795:20 March
693:See also
680:Volume 2
676:Volume 1
629:Eixample
625:Eixample
527:sewerage
496:Approach
472:Eixample
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454:Ensanche
421:Eixample
404:Eixample
386:) was a
227:In this
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