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The 1988 Senate
Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations concluded that "The saga of Panama's General Manuel Antonio Noriega represents one of the most serious foreign policy failures for the United States. Throughout the 1970s and the 1980s, Noriega was able to manipulate
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U.S. policy toward his country, while skillfully accumulating near-absolute power in Panama. It is clear that each U.S. government agency which had a relationship with
Noriega turned a blind eye to his corruption and drug dealing, even as he was emerging as a key player on behalf of the
253:"The Sinaloa cartel, which STRATFOR believes is the most capable Mexican trafficker of cocaine, has been detected operating a fairly extensive overland smuggling route from Panama to El Salvador." - Stratfor, 26 March 2009,
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179:(BCCI) which was shut down at the end of the Cold War by the FBI. Noriega shared his cell with ex-BCCI executives in the facility that is known as "Club Med".
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on April 27, 2010, and after a re-trial as a condition of the extradition, he was found guilty and sentenced to seven years in jail in July 2010.
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for murder in 1995 and money laundering in 1999, respectively. France was granted its extradition request in April 2010. He arrived in
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in April 1992. Noriega's U.S. prison sentence ended in
September 2007; pending the outcome of
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Although the relationship did not become contractual until 1967, Noriega worked with the U.S.
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388:"Extradition fight halts former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega's release from US prison"
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One of the large financial institutions that he was able to use to launder money was the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article
130:(CIA) from the 1950s. More recently, Mexican cartels such as the
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168:)." Noriega was allowed to establish "the hemisphere's first '
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152:(CIA) from the late 1950s until the 1980s. In 1988 the U.S.
316:"Noriega Indicted By U.S. For Links To Illegal Drugs"
164:(a member of which was notorious Colombian drug lord
409:"Noriega extradition to France angers abuse victims"
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from 1983 to 1989, had a relationship with the U.S.
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Central
America: An Emerging Role in the Drug Trade
269:. Associated Press. April 27, 2010. Archived from
291:. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from
267:"Key dates for ex-Panama dictator Manuel Noriega"
190:was removed from power, captured, detained as a
438:"French court hands Noriega 7-year prison term"
194:, and flown to the United States. Noriega was
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118:was justified in part by the need to combat
346:"Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy"
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177:Bank of Credit and Commerce International
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
353:United States Government Printing Office
214:requests by both Panama and France, for
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156:indicted him on federal drug charges.
440:. The Associated Press. July 7, 2010.
396:. Associated Press. 9 September 2007.
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887:Illegal drug trade in Latin America
882:Illegal drug trade in North America
314:Shenon, Philip (February 6, 1988).
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407:Zamorano, Juan (27 April 2010).
112:United States invasion of Panama
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154:Drug Enforcement Administration
110:to the United States. The 1989
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867:Illegal drug trade by country
393:International Herald Tribune
134:have been active in Panama.
104:illegal drug trade in Panama
150:Central Intelligence Agency
128:Central Intelligence Agency
122:. Noriega, the dictator of
106:includes trans-shipment of
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182:As a result of the 1989
872:Crime in Panama by type
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368:Cite journal requires
186:by the United States,
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326:on February 25, 2012
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355:. December 1988: 3.
198:on eight counts of
114:to topple Dictator
560:Dominican Republic
320:The New York Times
273:on April 30, 2010.
184:invasion of Panama
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68:lead section
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762:Puerto Rico
689:territories
635:Saint Lucia
570:El Salvador
285:"1985–1990"
218:in absentia
212:extradition
861:Categories
757:Montserrat
752:Martinique
747:Guadeloupe
545:Costa Rica
241:References
830:Caribbean
742:Greenland
665:Venezuela
610:Nicaragua
580:Guatemala
500:Argentina
485:Sovereign
697:Anguilla
645:Suriname
620:Paraguay
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555:Dominica
540:Colombia
510:Barbados
422:27 April
330:July 16,
229:See also
727:Curaçao
712:Bonaire
707:Bermuda
660:Uruguay
600:Jamaica
575:Grenada
565:Ecuador
520:Bolivia
505:Bahamas
108:cocaine
31:updated
615:Panama
605:Mexico
585:Guyana
530:Canada
525:Brazil
515:Belize
487:states
206:, and
124:Panama
702:Aruba
590:Haiti
535:Chile
349:(PDF)
223:Paris
196:tried
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687:and
625:Peru
550:Cuba
424:2010
415:via
374:help
332:2010
301:2008
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