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rabble-rouser'. The propaganda ministry accused
Ehrenburg of inciting the rape of German women. Yet while Ehrenburg never shrank from the most bloodthirsty harangues, the most notorious statement, which is still attributed to him by western historians, was a Nazi invention. He is accused of having urged "Red Army soldiers to take German women as their 'lawful booty' and to 'break their racial pride'.
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of change in the characters' emotional journeys, and when the wife eventually leaves her husband, this coincides with the melting of the snow. Thus, the novel can be seen as a representation of the thaw, and the increased freedom of the writer after the 'frozen' political period under Stalin. In August 1954,
1676:
Carola
Tischler: Die Vereinfachungen des Genossen Ehrenburg. Eine Endkriegs- und eine Nachkriegskontroverse. In: Elke Scherstjanoi (Hrsg.): Rotarmisten schreiben aus Deutschland. Briefe von der Front (1945) und historische Analysen. Texte und Materialien zur Zeitgeschichte, Bd. 14. K.G. Saur, München
624:
The
Germans are not humans. From now on, the word German causes gunfire. We shall not speak. We shall kill. If during a day you have not killed a single German, you have wasted the day. If you do not kill the German, he will kill you. If it is quiet at your section of the front and you are waiting
779:
that tested the limits of censorship in the post-Stalin Soviet Union. It portrayed a corrupt and despotic factory boss, a "little Stalin", and told the story of his wife, who increasingly feels estranged from him, and the views he represents. In the novel, the spring thaw comes to represent a period
747:
in Spain in 1937. While Stalin agreed to the arrests of most of the names on the list, he put a question mark by
Ehrenburg's. It appears that Ehrenburg was allowed to continue publishing and travelling abroad to obscure the anti-Semitic campaign at home. During a press conference in London in 1950,
858:
Yermilov alleged that this proved that
Ehrenburg had been in a privileged position in those years but said nothing, when others, less privileged, had spoken out when they believed an innocent person had been arrested. Ehrenburg retorted that he had never been to a single meeting nor read a single
547:
1432:
Ilya
Ehrenburg's own mesmerizing calls for revenge on Germany in his articles in the Red Army newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star) had created a huge following among the frontoviki, or frontline troops. Goebbels responded with loathing against 'the Jew Ilya Ehrenburg, Stalin's favourite
488:
756:, and said that "If anything unpleasant had happened to them, I would have known", knowing that they were both under arrest. He was accused of informing on his comrades, but there is no evidence to support this theory. In February 1953, he refused to denounce the supposed
683:, but only German aggressors who set foot on Soviet soil with weapons, because "we are not Nazis who fight with civilians”. Ehrenburg fell into disgrace at that time and it is estimated that Aleksandrov's article was a signal of change in Stalin's policy towards Germany.
148:
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correspondent and was involved in propaganda and military activity as well as reporting. In July 1937 he attended the Second
International Writers' Congress, the purpose of which was to discuss the attitude of intellectuals to the war, held in
268:
family; his father was an engineer. Ehrenburg's household was not religiously observant; he came into contact with the religious practices of
Judaism only through his maternal grandfather. Ehrenburg never practiced Judaism. He learned no
916:
published a
Yiddish biography of Ehrenburg, whom he had met in interwar Paris and in Spain. In his biography, Shneiderman defended Ehrenburg from accusations of collaboration with Stalin in the destruction of Soviet Yiddish culture.
394:
In 1917, after the revolution, Ehrenburg returned to Russia. At that time he tended to oppose the
Bolshevik policy, being shocked by the constant atmosphere of violence. He wrote a poem called "Prayer for Russia" which compared the
164:
Ehrenburg was among the most prolific and notable authors of the Soviet Union; he published around one hundred titles. He became known first and foremost as a novelist and a journalist – in particular, as a reporter in three wars
625:
for the battle, kill a German before the battle. If you let the German live, he will kill a Russian man and rape a Russian woman. If you have killed a German, kill another one too. Kill the German, thus cries your homeland.
809:
in English), which contain many portraits of interest to literary historians and biographers. In this book, Ehrenburg was the first legal Soviet author to mention positively a lot of names banned under Stalin, including
727:
which signified Stalin's absolute political break with Israel, which he had been supporting through enormous shipments of Czech arms. After this break with Israel, hundreds of Jews became targets of the so-called
2218:
2213:
2198:
279:, which was written in Yiddish. He considered himself a Russian and, later, a Soviet citizen, and wrote in Russian even during his many years abroad. Ehrenburg also took strong public positions against
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448:
In 1935, Ehrenburg attended the first International Congress of Writers for the Defense of Culture, which opened in Paris in June. He had written a pamphlet which said, among other things, that
399:
to rape. In 1920 Ehrenburg went to Kiev where he experienced four different regimes in the course of one year: the Germans, the Cossacks, the Bolsheviks, and the White Army. After antisemitic
244:
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as a dramatic contest between good and evil. In his articles, moral and life-affirming Red Army soldiers faced off against a dehumanized German enemy. In 1943, Ehrenburg, working with the
504:
As a friend of many of the European Left, Ehrenburg was frequently allowed by Stalin to visit Europe and to campaign for peace and socialism. He arrived in Spain in late August 1936 as an
645:
and criticized the indiscriminate violence against German civilians, for which he was reprimanded by Stalin. However, his previous writings had already been interpreted as license for
480:— along with all fellow surrealists — felt insulted and accosted Ehrenburg on the street and slapped him several times, which resulted in surrealists being expelled from the Congress.
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when the latter had been posthumously rehabilitated but still largely unacceptable for censorship. Ehrenburg was also active as a poet till his last days, depicting the events of
629:
814:. At the same time he disapproved of the Russian and Soviet intellectuals who had explicitly rejected communism or defected to the West. He also criticized writers like
847:
in which he picked up on Ehrenburg's admission that he had suspected that innocent people were being arrested in 1937 and 1938 but had "gritted his teeth" in silence.
229:
which was committed against Soviet citizens of Jewish ancestry by the Nazis; It was denounced as "anti-Soviet" and banned from publication. It was first published in
2288:
1660:: Tangled Loyalties. The Life and Times of Ilya Ehrenburg. 1st Paperback Ed., University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa (Alabama/USA) 1999 (= Judaic Studies Series),
87:
2328:
2263:
1908:
2303:
2308:
2243:
1501:
Hitler–Beneš–Tito: National Conflicts, World Wars, Genocides, Expulsions, and Divided Remembrance in East-Central and Southeastern Europe, 1848–2018
600:
His incendiary articles calling for vengeance against the German enemy won him a huge following among front-line Soviet soldiers, who sent him much
187:. Ehrenburg later clarified that his writings were about "German aggressors who set foot on Soviet soil with weapons", not the whole German people.
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article in which anyone had protested about the arrests, whereupon Yermilov accused him of having insulted a "whole generation of Soviet people".
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When Ehrenburg was four years old, the family moved to Moscow, where his father had been hired as director of a brewery. At school, he met
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333:) arrested him for five months. He was beaten up and lost some teeth. Finally he was allowed to go abroad and chose Paris for his exile.
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for a St. Petersburg newspaper. He wrote a series of articles about the mechanized war that later on were also published as a book (
222:
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reflected on certain writers who were "burrowing in the rubbish heaps of their crackpot memories". In January 1963, the critic
827:
Ehrenburg's memoirs were criticized by the more conservative faction among the Soviet writers, concentrated around the journal
669:
stated that "Stalin's court lackey, Ilya Ehrenburg, declares that the German people must be exterminated". After criticism by
1791:
1482:
1063:
743:, of people selected for arrest. He was accused of having "made attacks on Comrade Stalin" when talking to the French writer
583:
348:. He began to write poems, regularly visited the cafés of Montparnasse and got acquainted with a lot of artists, especially
2283:
2223:
1499:
578:
396:
154:
58:
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2138:
437:). Ehrenburg continued to write philosophical poetry, using more freed rhythms than in the 1910s. In 1929 he published
2278:
2044:
453:
1608:
2132:
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won him a huge following among front-line Soviet soldiers, but also caused much controversy due to their perceived
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2253:
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275:
213:
43:
1920:
691:
1164:
The Supplement to The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian, Soviet and Eurasian History: Dzhungar Khanate - Estates
2238:
2193:
2173:
794:, arguing that such writings are too dark and do not serve the Soviet state. The novel gave its name to the
642:
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and other prominent exiles. But soon he left these circles and the party. Ehrenburg became attached to the
820:
2273:
2228:
613:
184:
1351:
294:, who was two grades above him. The two remained friends until Bukharin's execution in 1938 during the
2070:
2013:
Jews in Russian Literature After the October Revolution: Writers and Artists Between Hope and Apostasy
422:
He became a Soviet cultural activist and journalist who spent much time abroad as a writer. He wrote
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2158:
2153:
902:
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638:
204:. Ehrenburg's travel writing also had great resonance, and to an arguably greater extent, so did his
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423:
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in Moscow, where his gravestone is etched with a reproduction of his portrait drawn by his friend
301:
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1527:
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argued that Ehrenburg "agitated in the style of Nazi racist ideology", with statements such as:
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2016:
1997:
1969:
1950:
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838:
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646:
376:
361:
314:
170:
120:
1102:
An Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature: Two Centuries of Dual Identity in Prose and Poetry
2112:
2029:
1850:
1509:
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913:
863:
811:
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528:
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291:
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597:, Ehrenburg declared that the Germans' greatest crime was the murder of six million Jews.
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organisation. In 1908, when Ehrenburg was seventeen years old, the tsarist secret police (
306:
265:
218:
197:
166:
1891:
573:. During the war, he published more than 2,000 articles in Soviet newspapers. He saw the
477:
415:, had a house. Finally, Ehrenburg returned to Moscow, where he soon was arrested by the
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Ilya Ehrenburg's name was high on a list presented to Stalin by the chief of police,
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1758:
Stalin's Secret Pogrom, The Postwar Inquisition of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
1285:
885:
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391:, a famous symbolistic poet, wrote favourably about Ehrenburg's progress in poetry.
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1448:
Six Months in 1945: FDR, Stalin, Churchill, and Truman--from World War to Cold War
748:
attended by over 200 journalists, he was challenged about the fate of the writers
736:, was murdered, and many Soviet Jewish intellectuals were imprisoned or executed.
1251:
372:
295:
1711:"Communism on Trial: The Slansky Affair and Anti-Semitism in Post-WWII Europe"
449:
383:). His poetry now also concentrated on subjects of war and destruction, as in
317:
and Ehrenburg at Rivera's atelier, 1916. It is titled "When will the war end?"
284:
17:
1386:
Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as Entangled Histories, 1914–1945
712:
704:
516:
461:
326:
230:
1531:
1127:
177:). His incendiary articles calling for violence against Germans during the
2097:
1556:
Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and Alliance Politics, 1941-1945
1137:
889:
Ilya Ehrenburg's grave with a wire reproduction of his portrait by Picasso
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For the contemporary reader though, the work appears to have a distinctly
2121:
843:
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566:
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512:
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404:
226:
1513:
325:, both Ehrenburg and Bukharin got involved in illegal activities of the
1255:
1191:
Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888-1938
330:
270:
257:
679:
in April 1945, Ehrenburg responded that he never meant wiping out the
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in Europe, the Holocaust and the destinies of Russian intellectuals.
760:
and wrote a letter to Stalin opposing collective punishment of Jews.
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593:
520:
473:
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and short stories popular in the 1920s, often set in Western Europe (
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400:
364:. Foreign writers whose works Ehrenburg translated included those of
205:
83:
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336:
In Paris, he started to work in the Bolshevik organisation, meeting
1286:"Breton vs Ehrenburg: A Détournement on the Boulevard Montparnasse"
866:
ideological flavor characteristic of a Soviet-era official writer.
1383:
David-Fox, Michael; Holquist, Peter; Martin, Alexander M. (2012).
884:
690:
628:
546:
487:
416:
300:
243:
1583:
The Perils of Peace: The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany
1315:(50th Anniversary ed.). London: Penguin Books. p. 380.
604:. As a consequence, he is one of many Soviet writers, along with
933:
The Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and his Disciples
824:, for not having been able to understand the course of history.
658:
431:
The Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and his Disciples
253:
63:
200:, namely, the liberalization which occurred after the death of
661:
of German women. However, Ehrenburg denied this and historian
236:
In addition, Ehrenburg wrote a succession of works of poetry.
1733:
Soviet Culture and Power, A History in Documents, 1917-1953
641:. Ehrenburg later accompanied the Soviet forces during the
612:, who many have accused of " their literary talents to the
211:, which may be his best known and most discussed work. The
2219:
Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
1985:
Ilya Ehrenburg: Writing, Politics and the Art of Survival
1966:
To See Paris and Die: The Soviet Lives of Western Culture
2214:
Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
2199:
Third convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
665:
claims that it was a Nazi fabrication. In January 1945,
221:, has special historical significance, it describes the
2041:
Tangled Loyalties: The Life and Times of Ilya Ehrenburg
1867:
Tangled Loyalties: The Life and Times of Ilya Ehrenburg
1218:
The Jews in Poland and Russia: Volume III: 1914 to 2008
957:
European Crossroad: A Soviet Journalist In the Balkans
801:
Ehrenburg is particularly well known for his memoirs (
2204:
Fourth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
732:. The chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee,
637:
This pamphlet, titled "Kill", was written during the
2209:
Fifth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
1760:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 49–50.
1017:, URIZEN BOOKS Joachim Neugroeschel translator 1976.
2072:
Ilya Ehrenburg: Selections from People, Years, Life
965:, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, 1948.
157:January 14] 1891 – August 31, 1967) was a
113:
97:
73:
53:
34:
1805:
581:, began to collect material for what would become
1735:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 472.
1451:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 197.
161:writer, revolutionary, journalist and historian.
1756:Rubenstein, Joshua; Naumov, Vladimir P. (2001).
833:. For example, when the memoirs were published,
411:peninsula where his old friend from Paris days,
1784:The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia
1475:The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia
1389:. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 145.
912:In 1968, Polish-American writer and journalist
622:
2189:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
1607:Gil, Isabel Capeloa; Martins, Adriana (2012).
1161:Rhyne, George N.; Adams, Bruce Friend (1995).
1132:. Princeton University Press. pp. 26–27.
869:He was also active in publishing the works by
1378:
1376:
1374:
1167:. Academic International Press. p. 206.
8:
1559:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 67.
775:In 1954, Ehrenburg published a novel titled
1808:Russian Literary Criticism: A Short History
1610:Plots of War: Modern Narratives of Conflict
1221:. Liverpool University Press. p. 315.
1731:Clark, Katerina; Dobrenko, Evgeny (2007).
42:
31:
2015:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1812:. Syracuse University Press. p. 222
1408:
1406:
686:
142:[ɪˈlʲjaɡrʲɪˈɡorʲjɪvɪtɕɪrʲɪnˈburk]
1058:. Oxford University Press. p. 277.
849:
1968:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1949:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1345:
1343:
1341:
1269:Toscano, Alberto; Kinkle, Jeff (2015).
1194:. Oxford University Press. p. 10.
1044:
971:, Henry Regnery Company, Chicago, 1955.
711:On 21 September 1948, at the behest of
523:and attended by many writers including
2289:Soviet people of the Spanish Civil War
1081:
1071:
616:" against Germans. Austrian historian
283:, and left all his papers to Israel's
1896:The Stormy Life of Lasik Roitschwantz
981:The Stormy Life of Lasik Roitschwantz
977:, Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1955.
805:in Russian, published with the title
140:
7:
1215:Polonsky, Antony (9 February 2012).
929:, Doubleday, Doran and Company 1930.
723:, Ehrenburg published an article in
657:accused Ehrenburg of advocating the
2035:. New York: Yidisher Kempfer, 1968.
1856:. New York: Yidisher Kempfer, 1968.
1840:. London: Collins. pp. 301–02.
1646:ПИСЬМО И.Г. ЭРЕНБУРГА И.В. СТАЛИНУ
1248:Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)
1099:Shrayer, Maxim D. (26 March 2015).
647:atrocities against German civilians
571:German invasion of the Soviet Union
1613:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 109.
1506:Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
1284:Abdelhadi, Jason (22 March 2016).
1023:, Raduga Publishers, Moscow, 1984.
1011:, World Pub. Co., Cleveland, 1963.
1003:Chekhov, Stendhal and Other Essays
653:in 1945. Nazi propaganda minister
559:Ehrenburg was offered a column in
25:
2329:War correspondents of World War I
2264:20th-century Russian male writers
2304:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
2125:
2109:Works by or about Ilya Ehrenburg
2096:
1907:Muchnic, Helen (11 March 1965).
1126:Slezkine, Yuri (7 August 2017).
687:The 'Anti-Cosmopolitan' Campaign
591:. In a December 1944 article in
119:
2309:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
2244:20th-century Russian memoirists
939:A Soviet Writer Looks at Vienna
2299:Recipients of the Stalin Prize
1553:Miner, Steven Merritt (2003).
1352:"Ehrenburg, Ilya Grigor'evich"
1254:Public Library. Archived from
584:The Black Book of Soviet Jewry
419:but freed after a short time.
1:
2294:Stalin Peace Prize recipients
1271:Cartographies of the Absolute
1055:Studies in Contemporary Jewry
579:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
441:, a communist variant of the
397:storming of the Winter Palace
248:Ehrenburg, early 20th century
223:Holocaust in the Soviet Union
198:entire era of Soviet politics
2179:Jews from the Russian Empire
2139:Facing History and Ourselves
1709:Blumenthal, Helaine (2009).
134:Илья́ Григо́рьевич Эренбу́рг
2124:(public domain audiobooks)
2045:University of Alabama Press
2039:Rubenstein, Joshua (1999).
1992:Laychuk, Julian L. (1991).
1865:Rubenstein, Joshua (1996).
1586:. OUP Oxford. p. 229.
1029:, Simon Publications, 2002.
252:Ilya Ehrenburg was born in
130:Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg
2345:
2324:Russian war correspondents
1996:. New York: Herbert Lang.
1987:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
1964:Gilburd, Eleonory (2018).
1878:Estraikh, Gennady (2008).
1580:Reinisch, Jessica (2013).
1273:. Zero. pp. 192, 285.
1188:Cohen, Stephen F. (1980).
1105:. Routledge. p. 180.
935:, Covici Friede, NY, 1930.
893:Ehrenburg died in 1967 of
730:anti-cosmopolitan campaign
651:Soviet invasion of Germany
633:Ehrenburg in Tallinn, 1946
569:newspaper) days after the
456:, and that they endorsed "
439:The Life of the Automobile
387:, his third lyrical book.
323:Russian Revolution of 1905
2169:People from Kievsky Uyezd
1983:Goldberg, Anatol (1984).
1804:Stacy, Robert H. (1974).
1634:Товарищ Эренбург упрощает
1420:. Penguin Books Limited.
1418:Berlin: The Downfall 1945
1052:Peter Y. Medding (1999).
1035:, Editions 7, Paris, 2005
983:, Polyglot Library, 1960.
941:, Lawrence, London, 1934.
788:in articles published in
273:, although he edited the
133:
118:
61:January 14] 1891
41:
27:Soviet writer (1891–1967)
2075:(in Russian). Elsevier.
1945:Clark, Katerina (2011).
1913:New York Review of Books
1909:"Ilya Ehrenburg's Story"
1869:. New York: Basic Books.
841:wrote a long article in
452:shunned work, favouring
344:in the Paris quarter of
321:In the aftermath of the
2314:20th-century memoirists
2118:Works by Ilya Ehrenburg
2069:Moody, C., ed. (2014).
2011:Sicher, Efraim (1995).
1947:Moscow, the Fourth Rome
1880:Yiddish in the Cold War
1445:Dobbs, Michael (2012).
1129:The House of Government
951:The Tempering of Russia
768:Ehrenburg received the
695:Ehrenburg awarding the
643:East Prussian Offensive
153:; January 26 [
2269:Russian-language poets
2249:Russian male novelists
1292:. peculiarmormyrid.com
1015:Life of the Automobile
927:The Love of Jeanne Ney
901:, and was interred in
890:
855:
854:Ehrenburg in the 1960s
708:
634:
627:
556:
501:
492:Ehrenburg (left) with
318:
249:
1892:Books: Kosher Candida
1836:Tatu, Michel (1969).
1313:The Spanish Civil War
1311:Thomas, Hugh (2012).
1138:10.1515/9781400888177
888:
853:
694:
632:
550:
491:
375:, Ehrenburg became a
304:
247:
185:anti-German sentiment
57:January 26 [
2284:Soviet propagandists
2224:Jewish anti-fascists
2105:at Wikimedia Commons
1838:Power in the Kremlin
1696:"Answer to a Letter"
1350:Rubenstein, Joshua.
1258:on 27 February 2015.
921:English translations
903:Novodevichy Cemetery
791:Literaturnaya Gazeta
639:Battle of Stalingrad
551:Ilya Ehrenburg with
217:, edited by him and
196:gave its name to an
2259:Soviet male writers
1919:(3). Archived from
1514:10.2307/j.ctvvh867x
1335:Thomas (2012) p.678
999:), Knopf, NY, 1962.
947:, Knopf, NY, 1943.
803:People, Years, Life
575:Great Patriotic War
413:Maximilian Voloshin
209:People, Years, Life
180:Great Patriotic War
2279:Russian male poets
1882:. London: Legenda.
1677:2004, S. 326–339,
1242:Liukkonen, Petri.
1009:Memoirs: 1921–1941
1005:, Knopf, NY, 1963.
987:A Change of Season
959:, Knopf, NY, 1947.
953:, Knopf, NY, 1944.
891:
856:
807:Memoirs: 1921–1941
782:Konstantin Simonov
770:Stalin Peace Prize
709:
697:Stalin Peace Prize
671:Georgy Aleksandrov
635:
606:Konstantin Simonov
557:
502:
319:
250:
2319:Soviet memoirists
2234:Jewish socialists
2164:Writers from Kyiv
2101:Media related to
2082:978-1-4831-3619-6
2054:978-0-8173-0963-3
2030:Shneiderman, S.L.
2003:978-3-261-04292-7
1975:978-0-674-98071-6
1956:978-0-674-06289-4
1851:Shneiderman, S.L.
1742:978-0-300-10646-6
1658:Joshua Rubenstein
1648:. vivovoco.rsl.ru
1636:. vivovoco.rsl.ru
1620:978-3-11-028303-7
1593:978-0-19-966079-7
1566:978-0-8078-6212-4
1523:978-3-7001-8410-2
1458:978-0-307-96089-4
1427:978-0-14-103239-9
1396:978-0-8229-7810-7
1357:YIVO Encyclopedia
1322:978-0-141-01161-5
1290:Peculiar Mormyrid
1228:978-1-78962-782-4
1201:978-0-19-502697-9
1174:978-0-87569-142-8
1147:978-1-4008-8817-7
1112:978-1-317-47696-2
1027:The Fall of Paris
945:The Fall of Paris
839:Vladimir Yermilov
835:Vsevolod Kochetov
484:Spanish Civil War
427:picaresque novels
377:war correspondent
362:Amedeo Modigliani
315:Amedeo Modigliani
266:Lithuanian-Jewish
171:Spanish Civil War
127:
126:
48:Ehrenburg in 1959
16:(Redirected from
2336:
2254:Soviet novelists
2129:
2128:
2113:Internet Archive
2100:
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2007:
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1795:
1794:, pages 590–591.
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1718:escholarship.org
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1244:"Ilya Ehrenburg"
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1049:
914:S.L. Shneiderman
881:Death and Legacy
864:Marxist-Leninist
812:Marina Tsvetaeva
764:Postwar writings
734:Solomon Mikhoels
717:Lazar Kaganovich
701:Soong Ching-ling
555:soldiers in 1942
529:Ernest Hemingway
494:Ernest Hemingway
292:Nikolai Bukharin
175:Second World War
152:
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144:
139:
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80:
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32:
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2063:Further reading
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2010:
2004:
1991:
1982:
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1936:
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1924:
1923:on 17 July 2011
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1508:. p. 739.
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995:and its sequel
923:
883:
871:Osip Mandelstam
816:Boris Pasternak
796:Khrushchev Thaw
766:
750:David Bergelson
741:Viktor Abakumov
721:Georgy Malenkov
689:
655:Joseph Goebbels
562:Krasnaya Zvezda
545:
533:Stephen Spender
486:
389:Nikolai Gumilev
381:The Face of War
307:Marie Vorobieff
242:
219:Vasily Grossman
167:First World War
147:
146:
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137:
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77:August 31, 1967
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2174:Ukrainian Jews
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2103:Ilya Ehrenburg
2092:
2091:External links
2089:
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2061:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2043:. Tuscaloosa:
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2027:
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2008:
2002:
1994:Ilya Ehrenburg
1989:
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1894:, a review of
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1021:The Second Day
1018:
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978:
975:The Ninth Wave
972:
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919:
899:bladder cancer
882:
879:
821:Doctor Zhivago
765:
762:
688:
685:
587:, documenting
544:
541:
500:in Spain, 1937
485:
482:
435:Thirteen Pipes
366:Francis Jammes
338:Vladimir Lenin
262:Russian Empire
241:
238:
125:
124:
116:
115:
111:
110:
102:Julio Jurenito
99:
95:
94:
81:(aged 76)
75:
71:
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68:Russian Empire
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
36:Ilya Ehrenburg
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2022:9780521481090
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1854:Ilye Erenburg
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1822:9780815601081
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1781:Orlando Figes
1777:
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1767:0-300-08486-2
1763:
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1734:
1727:
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1720:. p. 18.
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1472:Orlando Figes
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907:Pablo Picasso
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758:doctors' plot
755:
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746:
745:André Malraux
742:
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731:
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718:
714:
706:
702:
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681:German people
678:
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664:
663:Antony Beevor
660:
656:
652:
648:
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621:
619:
618:Arnold Suppan
615:
614:hate campaign
611:
610:Alexey Surkov
607:
603:
598:
596:
595:
590:
589:The Holocaust
586:
585:
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572:
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564:
563:
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526:
525:André Malraux
522:
518:
514:
509:
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498:Gustav Regler
495:
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470:exhibitionism
467:
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403:, he fled to
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350:Pablo Picasso
347:
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342:bohemian life
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240:Life and work
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202:Joseph Stalin
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98:Notable works
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76:
72:
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60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
18:Ilya Erenburg
2274:Soviet poets
2229:Jewish poets
2133:
2071:
2040:
2032:
2012:
1993:
1984:
1965:
1946:
1925:. Retrieved
1921:the original
1916:
1912:
1902:
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1385:
1361:. Retrieved
1355:
1331:
1312:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1289:
1279:
1270:
1264:
1256:the original
1247:
1237:
1217:
1210:
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1128:
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989:, (includes
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
911:
892:
875:World War II
868:
861:
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828:
826:
819:
818:, author of
806:
802:
800:
789:
785:
776:
774:
767:
754:Itzik Feffer
738:
724:
710:
707:, April 1951
674:
667:Adolf Hitler
636:
623:
599:
592:
582:
560:
558:
543:World War II
537:Pablo Neruda
505:
503:
478:André Breton
447:
443:it-narrative
438:
434:
430:
421:
393:
384:
380:
370:
358:Jules Pascin
354:Diego Rivera
346:Montparnasse
335:
320:
311:Diego Rivera
289:
281:antisemitism
274:
251:
235:
212:
208:
191:
189:
178:
163:
129:
128:
105:
101:
92:Soviet Union
88:Russian SFSR
79:(1967-08-31)
29:
2184:Soviet Jews
2159:1967 deaths
2154:1891 births
2134:To Remember
1532:j.ctvvh867x
1485:, page 414.
1252:Kuusankoski
1250:. Finland:
1082:|work=
649:during the
472:, and even
450:surrealists
424:avant-garde
373:World War I
296:Great Purge
2148:Categories
1927:11 October
1792:0805074619
1504:. Vienna:
1483:0805074619
1065:0195351886
1040:References
997:The Spring
454:parasitism
385:On the Eve
309:featuring
305:Sketch by
285:Yad Vashem
276:Black Book
214:Black Book
190:The novel
138:pronounced
132:(Russian:
1685:, p. 336-
1540:214097654
1084:ignored (
1074:cite book
963:The Storm
784:attacked
772:in 1952.
713:Politburo
705:Guo Moruo
517:Barcelona
466:fetishism
462:pederasty
327:Bolshevik
260:, in the
233:in 1980.
231:Jerusalem
114:Signature
2122:LibriVox
1786:, 2007,
1498:(2019).
1477:, 2007,
1416:(2007).
1296:24 March
1033:My Paris
992:The Thaw
969:The Thaw
895:prostate
844:Izvestia
786:The Thaw
777:The Thaw
715:members
602:fan mail
567:Red Army
553:Red Army
513:Valencia
507:Izvestia
433:(1922),
405:Koktebel
227:genocide
193:The Thaw
173:and the
107:The Thaw
2111:at the
1939:Sources
830:Oktyabr
458:onanism
445:genre.
407:on the
401:pogroms
371:During
331:Okhrana
271:Yiddish
258:Ukraine
2079:
2051:
2019:
2000:
1972:
1953:
1819:
1790:
1764:
1739:
1681:
1664:
1617:
1590:
1563:
1538:
1530:
1520:
1481:
1455:
1424:
1393:
1319:
1225:
1198:
1171:
1144:
1109:
1062:
725:Pravda
676:Pravda
594:Pravda
535:, and
521:Madrid
519:, and
474:sodomy
409:Crimea
360:, and
225:, the
206:memoir
159:Soviet
84:Moscow
1714:(PDF)
1536:S2CID
1528:JSTOR
1363:4 May
565:(the
417:Cheka
264:to a
2077:ISBN
2049:ISBN
2017:ISBN
1998:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1929:2014
1817:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1662:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1365:2020
1317:ISBN
1298:2024
1223:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1107:ISBN
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