50:
38:
629:
314:
Division; the
Planning Division; and the Evaluation and Research Center. The second managerial division, called the Management division, was responsible for maintaining the overall mission of the INS throughout its many offices and providing administrative services to these offices. These duties were handled by the offices of Information Resources Management, Finance, Human Resources and Administration, and Equal Employment Opportunity.
643:
167:
338:. This office was responsible for admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking admission to the United States and for implementing national immigration policy. 'Immigrant Inspectors', as they were called then, were stationed at major U.S. ports of entry collecting manifests of arriving passengers. Its largest station was located on
422:
nationals in custody. These "enemy aliens," many of whom had resided in the United States for decades, were arrested without warrants or formal charges. They were held in immigration stations and various requisitioned sites, often for months, before receiving a hearing (without the benefit of legal
235:
matters, known as the Bureau of
Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization, respectively. The INS was established on June 10, 1933, merging these previously separate areas of administration. In 1890, the federal government, rather than the individual states, regulated immigration into the United
292:
between the ports (with the assistance of the Border Patrol, a component of the INS) and by sea, and conducting investigations of criminal and administrative violations of the Act. The INS also adjudicated applications for permanent residency ("green cards"), change of status, naturalization (the
309:
The Field
Operations division was responsible for overseeing INS' many offices operating throughout the country and the world. The Field Operations division implemented policies and handled tasks for its three regional offices, which in turn oversaw 33 districts and 21 border areas throughout the
305:
The operational functions of the INS included the
Programs and Field Operations divisions. The Programs division was responsible for handling all the functions involved with enforcement and examinations, including the arrest, detaining, and deportation of illegal immigrants as well as controlling
301:
At the head of the INS was a commissioner appointed by the
President who reported to the Attorney General in the Department of Justice. The INS worked closely with the United Nations, the Department of State, and the Department of Health and Human Services. The INS was a very large and complex
349:'s primary interest in immigration was to protect American workers and wages: the reason it had become a federal concern in the first place. This made immigration more a matter of commerce than revenue. In 1903, Congress transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly created (now-defunct)
313:
Managerial functions of the INS included the Policy and
Planning and Management divisions. The Office of Policy and Planning coordinated all information for the INS and communicated with other cooperating government agencies and the public. The office was divided into three areas: the Policy
287:
The INS (Immigration and
Naturalization Service) administered federal immigration laws and regulations including the Immigration and Nationality Act (Title 8, United States Code). Its officers inspected foreigners arriving at an official Port of Entry (POE), detecting and deterring
427:
deported from Peru and other countries. It is estimated that 17,477 persons of
Japanese ancestry, 11,507 of German ancestry, 2,730 of Italian ancestry, and 185 others were interned by the Immigration and Naturalization Service during the war.
1782:
1752:
1767:
1556:
2121:
383:
There were a number of predecessor agencies to INS between 1891 and 1933. The
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was formed in 1933 by a merger of the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization.
1252:
1492:
1247:
2042:
1623:
957:
2116:
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1318:
271:(USCIS). The investigative and enforcement functions of the INS (including investigations, deportation, and intelligence) were combined with the U.S. Customs investigators to create
1262:
1054:
423:
counsel or defense witnesses) and being released, paroled, or transferred to a
Department of Justice internment camp. Starting in 1942, the INS also interned German, Italian, and
1257:
2146:
2126:
1987:
2131:
1462:
268:
104:
2141:
1695:
1405:
2136:
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1278:
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country. Internationally, the Field Operations division oversaw the Headquarters Office of International Affairs which in turn oversaw 16 offices outside the country.
1992:
1608:
1220:
1215:
950:
264:
245:
1437:
1417:
1201:
217:
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organization that had four main divisions—Programs, Field Operations, Policy and Planning, and Management—that were responsible for operations and management.
1772:
1762:
808:
710:
1967:
1628:
2002:
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1400:
1232:
2111:
943:
656:
205:
1982:
1700:
1442:
994:
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The work of the immigration service has been dramatized or depicted in literature, music, art, and theatre. Films using its work as a theme include
335:
272:
209:
108:
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275:(ICE). The border functions of the INS, which included the Border Patrol and INS Inspectors, were combined with U.S. Customs Inspectors to create
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1303:
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after 1913. In 1940, with increasing concern about national security, immigration and naturalization was organized under the authority of the
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37:
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to the Department of Justice in 1940, citing a need for "more effective control over aliens" as the United States moved closer to joining
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146:
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announced that INS "raids" would only take place at places of work, not at residences where illegal aliens were suspected of living.
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885:
392:
373:
249:
241:
204:, the agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred to three new entities –
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1977:
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1911:
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1500:
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1410:
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364:, Congress attempted to stem the flow of immigrants, still mainly coming from Europe, by passing a law in 1921 and the
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limiting the number of newcomers by assigning a quota to each nationality based upon its representation in previous
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By July 1941, Justice Department officials had decided that the INS would oversee the internment of enemy aliens
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2017:
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Both those bureaus, as well as the newly created INS, were controlled by the Department of Labor. President
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in New York Harbor. Among other things, a 'head tax' of fifty cents was collected on each immigrant.
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The Immigration Act of 1891 established an Office of the Superintendent of Immigration within the
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244:. Reflecting changing governmental concerns, immigration was transferred to the purview of the
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2007:
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History of the Immigration and Naturalization Service: A Congressional Research Service Report
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these plans went into effect. By December 10, three days after the attack, the INS had 1,291
1997:
1972:
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820:"The President Presents Plan No. V to Carry Out the Provisions of the Reorganization Act",
2012:
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267:(BCIS), which existed under that name only for a short time before changing to the
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In 2003 the administration of immigration services, including permanent residence,
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Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
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671:
499:
361:
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624:
326:, some states started to pass their own immigration laws, which prompted the
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403:
380:; only those immigrants who could present valid visas were permitted entry.
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Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
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Judgement Without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment During World War II
166:
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Paralleling some contemporary immigration concerns, in the early 1900s
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National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
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American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
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Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
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The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1940 Volume
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The Bureau of Immigration: Its History, Activities, and Organization
293:
process by which an alien becomes a citizen), and similar matters.
723:
Established: In the Department of Labor by EO 6166, June 10, 1933.)
1248:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
220:(DHS), as part of a major government reorganization following the
165:
263:, asylum, and other functions, became the responsibility of the
1319:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
939:
1279:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
2122:
Defunct federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
921:
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) of the DHS
855:(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003), pp 124-25.
332:
rule in 1876 that immigration was a federal responsibility.
27:
Former immigration service of the United States (1933–2003)
353:, and on June 10, 1933, the agency was established as the
926:
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) of the DHS
406:
should the U.S. enter the war, and immediately after the
227:
Prior to 1933, there were separate offices administering
920:
777:(Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1924).
707:"Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service"
54:
Flag of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
42:
Seal of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
1284:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
930:
925:
915:
805:
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
1988:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
179:
United States Immigration and Naturalization Service
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U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) of the DHS
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824:(New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941) pp 223-29.
269:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
240:established a Commissioner of Immigration in the
2117:Defunct agencies of the United States government
1732:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
1993:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
1671:List of people deported from the United States
265:Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services
246:United States Department of Commerce and Labor
1418:Trump administration family separation policy
951:
8:
1468:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
711:National Archives and Records Administration
30:
2147:2003 disestablishments in the United States
2127:History of immigration to the United States
1968:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
876:. New York, New York: Basic Books. p.
31:U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
2132:Government agencies disestablished in 2003
2003:Federation for American Immigration Reform
984:
958:
944:
936:
773:Darrell Hevenor Smith and H. Guy Herring,
48:
36:
1778:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
1773:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
1763:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
1706:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
1463:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1233:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
657:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
206:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
2142:1933 establishments in the United States
1983:Center for Migration Studies of New York
1126:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
995:Nationality law in the American Colonies
839:"Immigration and Naturalization Service"
762:United States Department of the Interior
662:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
273:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
210:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2137:Government agencies established in 1933
1917:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
1473:Executive Office for Immigration Review
695:
18:Immigration and Naturalization Services
1933:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
355:Immigration and Naturalization Service
29:
1181:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
916:Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
832:
830:
7:
1902:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
1207:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
800:
798:
796:
1588:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
1558:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1443:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1045:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
431:In November 1979, Attorney General
1676:Mexico–United States border crisis
1458:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
667:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
277:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
214:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
25:
1897:"Streamline" (2005–present)
1619:Central American migrant caravans
1166:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
216:(CBP) – within the newly created
2112:Immigration to the United States
1681:Mexico–United States border wall
1156:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
967:Immigration to the United States
641:
627:
448:James L. Houghteling (1937–1940)
445:Daniel W. MacCormack (1933–1937)
351:Department of Commerce and Labor
1438:Department of Homeland Security
218:Department of Homeland Security
1978:Center for Immigration Studies
1907:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
1892:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
1542:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
1483:Office of Refugee Resettlement
1238:American Homecoming Act (1989)
837:Mak, Stephen (June 10, 2020).
1:
2028:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
1872:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
1634:Eugenics in the United States
790:(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1980)
1696:Illegal immigrant population
1478:Board of Immigration Appeals
1314:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
1309:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
1202:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
1116:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
466:Watson B. Miller (1947–1950)
1912:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
1887:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
1758:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
1748:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
1727:Canada–United States border
1722:Mexico–United States border
1289:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
1151:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
677:Asylum in the United States
511:James W. Ziglar (2001–2002)
376:issued a limited number of
2163:
2048:Negative Population Growth
2038:National Immigration Forum
2023:Migration Policy Institute
1798:US Citizenship Act of 2021
1354:Temporary protected status
1136:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
811:. Accessed July 15, 2010,
478:Raymond Farrel (1962–1973)
191:U.S. Department of Justice
189:from 1933 to 1940 and the
1381:Security Advisory Opinion
872:How We Got Here: The '70s
735:What's correct, the term
560:Secret Service of the Air
469:Argyle Mackey (1951–1954)
452:Lemuel Braddock Schofield
306:illegal and legal entry.
47:
35:
2090:Missing in Brooks County
2018:Mexicans Without Borders
1518:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1391:National Origins Formula
1075:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
1050:Civil Rights Act of 1866
425:Japanese Latin Americans
372:figures. Each year, the
187:U.S. Department of Labor
1369:Central American Minors
1299:Secure Fence Act (2006)
1161:Nationality Act of 1940
1111:Naturalization Act 1906
1085:Immigration Act of 1891
1070:Immigration Act of 1882
1060:Naturalization Act 1870
1040:Naturalization Law 1802
1016:Naturalization Act 1790
391:moved the INS from the
366:Immigration Act of 1924
238:Immigration Act of 1891
196:Referred to by some as
185:) was an agency of the
126:U.S. federal government
86:March 1, 2003
2084:Borderland (TV series)
1938:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
1411:Unaccompanied children
1186:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
976:Relevant colonial era,
841:. Densho Encyclopedia.
608:Fun with Dick and Jane
482:Leonard F. Chapman Jr.
463:Ugo Carusi (1945–1947)
408:attack on Pearl Harbor
174:
70:; 91 years ago
1661:Immigration reduction
1572:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1176:War Brides Act (1945)
1055:14th Amendment (1868)
907:(2000–2003) (Archive)
758:National Park Service
439:List of commissioners
374:U.S. State Department
254:Department of Justice
169:
147:Department of Justice
1963:Arizona Border Recon
1943:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
1807:Immigration stations
1741:Proposed legislation
1639:Guest worker program
1614:Brooks County, Texas
1526:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
1243:Immigration Act 1990
1146:Immigration Act 1924
1131:Immigration Act 1918
1121:Immigration Act 1907
1106:Immigration Act 1903
635:United States portal
614:Ip Man 4: The Finale
222:September 11 attacks
170:Old INS building in
1882:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
1809:and points of entry
1701:Reverse immigration
1580:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
1493:Supreme Court cases
1349:Visa Waiver Program
1344:Permanent residence
1171:Magnuson Act (1943)
1000:Plantation Act 1740
851:Kashima, Tetsuden.
404:arrested by the FBI
393:Department of Labor
336:Treasury Department
250:Department of Labor
248:after 1903 and the
242:Treasury Department
193:from 1940 to 2003.
32:
1666:Immigration reform
1502:US v. Wong Kim Ark
1448:U.S. Border Patrol
1364:Green Card Lottery
1332:Visas and policies
1294:Real ID Act (2005)
1228:Refugee Act (1980)
980:international laws
969:and related topics
786:Sharon D. Masanz,
433:Benjamin Civiletti
389:Franklin Roosevelt
328:U.S. Supreme Court
322:Shortly after the
175:
98:Superseding agency
68:June 10, 1933
2099:
2098:
2033:Minuteman Project
2008:Improve The Dream
1926:State legislation
1877:"Babylift" (1975)
1851:Washington Avenue
1846:Sullivan's Island
1768:STRIVE Act (2007)
1691:March for America
1644:Human trafficking
1534:Zadvydas v. Davis
1396:Expedited removal
1327:
1326:
978:United States and
809:National Archives
683:Well-Founded Fear
515:Michael J. Garcia
200:and by others as
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
2154:
1998:Community Change
1973:CASA of Maryland
1953:Non-governmental
1867:"Wetback" (1954)
1793:RAISE Act (2017)
1753:H.R. 4437 (2005)
1141:Cable Act (1922)
1090:Geary Act (1892)
1080:Scott Act (1888)
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1649:Human smuggling
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2068:Utah Compact
1831:Ellis Island
1816:Angel Island
1587:
1579:
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1562:
1561: /
1557:
1549:
1541:
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1272:21st century
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1033:19th century
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1018: /
1009:18th century
988:Colonial era
911:History site
871:
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769:
764:, 8 May 2018
754:Ellis Island
749:
740:
739:or the term
736:
730:
722:
715:. Retrieved
681:
612:
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602:Men in Black
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542:Ellis Island
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340:Ellis Island
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201:
197:
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182:
178:
176:
132:Headquarters
122:Jurisdiction
1826:East Boston
1510:Ozawa v. US
1339:Visa policy
1304:DACA (2012)
866:Frum, David
672:Immigration
611:(2005) and
548:Paddy O'Day
517:(2002–2003)
508:(1993–2000)
502:(1989–1993)
500:Gene McNary
496:(1982–1989)
490:(1977–1979)
484:(1973–1977)
475:(1954–1962)
460:(1942–1944)
454:(1940–1942)
370:U.S. Census
362:World War I
229:immigration
212:(ICE), and
158:www.INS.gov
2106:Categories
2058:NumbersUSA
1860:Operations
1841:San Ysidro
1601:and events
1428:Government
737:legacy INS
690:References
418:, and 147
202:legacy INS
198:former INS
90:2003-03-01
75:1933-06-10
1836:Otay Mesa
1715:Geography
1401:Detention
717:April 21,
596:Coneheads
297:Structure
224:of 2001.
208:(USCIS),
83:Dissolved
1654:Coyotaje
1386:E-Verify
1376:US-VISIT
868:(2000).
621:See also
617:(2019).
605:(1997),
599:(1993),
593:(1951),
587:(1950),
584:Deported
581:(1949),
575:(1939),
569:(1939),
563:(1939),
557:(1938),
551:(1936),
545:(1936),
533:(1917),
412:Japanese
347:Congress
1629:Effects
554:Gateway
539:1926),
420:Italian
318:History
283:Mission
279:(CBP).
172:Seattle
153:Website
88: (
73: (
1582:(2021)
1574:(2021)
1567:(2020)
1552:(2020)
1544:(2011)
1537:(2001)
1528:(1975)
1520:(1923)
1512:(1922)
1504:(1898)
1452:BORTAC
1406:Family
1359:Asylum
884:
713:. 1995
416:German
414:, 857
360:After
138:, U.S.
65:Formed
523:Films
378:visas
113:USCBP
109:USICE
105:USCIS
1211:1965
1024:1798
1020:1795
882:ISBN
719:2017
231:and
177:The
878:271
330:to
183:INS
2108::
880:.
829:^
807:,
795:^
760:,
756:,
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709:.
698:^
399:.
357:.
256:.
111:,
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181:(
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77:)
20:)
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