51:. Early work in this area demonstrated that the submandibular gland released a host of factors which regulate systemic inflammatory responses and modulate systemic immune and inflammatory reactions. Early work in identifying factors that played a role in the CST-SMG axis lead to the discovery of a seven
91:
Cellular
Effects of feG: The cellular effects of the ImSAIDs are characterized in a number of publications. feG and related peptides are known to modulate leukocyte (white blood cells) activity by influencing cell surface receptors to inhibit excessive activation and tissue infiltration. One lead
62:
exposure. SGP-T, an isolate of the submandibular gland, demonstrated its immunoregulatory properties and potential role in modulating the cervical sympathetic trunk-submandibular gland (CST-SMG) axis, and subsequently was shown to play an important role in the control of inflammation.
365:
Dery, RE; Ulanova, M; Puttagunta, L; Stenton, GR; James, D; Merani, S; Mathison, R; Davison, J; Befus, AD (Dec 2004). "Frontline: Inhibition of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation by the tripeptide feG: a mimetic of a neuro-endocrine pathway".
87:
nerves. This pathway or communication is referred to as the cervical sympathetic trunk-submandibular gland (CST-SMG) axis, a regulatory system that plays a role in the systemic control of inflammation.
156:
Bao, F; John, SM; Chen, Y; Mathison, RD; Weaver, LC (2006). "The tripeptide phenylalanine-(D) glutamate-(D) glycine modulates leukocyte infiltration and oxidative damage in rat injured spinal cord".
83:
repair. One of the neuroendocrine pathways, when activated, results in the release of immune regulating peptides from the submandibular gland upon neuronal stimulation from
420:
Mathison, R; Lo, P; Tan, D; Scott, B; Davison, JS (Dec 2001). "The tripeptide feG reduces endotoxin-provoked perturbation of intestinal motility and inflammation".
242:
Mathison, RD; Malkinson, T; Cooper, KE; Davison, JS (May 1997). "Submandibular glands: novel structures participating in thermoregulatory responses".
96:, and inhibit the binding of CD16b (FCyRIII) antibody to human neutrophils. One ImSAID, termed feG, has also been shown to decrease circulating
279:
Mathison, R; Davison, JS; Befus, AD (Nov 1994). "Neuroendocrine regulation of inflammation and tissue repair by submandibular gland factors".
401:
Mathison, RD; Davison, JS (Jun 2006). "The
Tripeptide feG Regulates the Production of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Neutrophils".
58:, called the submandibular gland peptide-T. SGP-T was demonstrated to have biological activity and thermoregulatory properties related to
482:
43:
hormones or non steroidal anti-inflammatories. The ImSAIDs were discovered by scientists evaluating biological properties of the
92:
ImSAID, the tripeptide FEG (Phe-Glu-Gly) and its D-isomer feG are known to alter leukocyte adhesion involving actions on Ī±MĪ²2
84:
244:
44:
23:
that have anti-inflammatory properties. ImSAIDs work by altering the activation and migration of
437:
383:
347:
296:
261:
224:
173:
117:
429:
375:
337:
327:
288:
253:
214:
204:
165:
80:
342:
315:
169:
219:
192:
476:
433:
292:
124:
76:
24:
39:
The ImSAIDs represent a new category of anti-inflammatory and are unrelated to
459:
101:
97:
52:
128:
105:
72:
59:
441:
387:
351:
228:
177:
379:
332:
300:
265:
209:
455:
120:
116:
One SGP-T derivative is a three amino acid sequence shown to be a potent
93:
20:
132:
55:
40:
108:
activity and reduced the expression of CD49d after antigen exposure,.
136:
48:
28:
257:
139:
form (feG), have become the foundation for the ImSAID category.
191:
Mathison, RD; Befus, AD; Davison, JS; Woodman, RC (Mar 2003).
31:
cells responsible for amplifying the inflammatory response.
454:
Dery RE, Mathison R, Davison J, Befus AD. "Inhibition of
193:"Modulation of neutrophil function by the tripeptide feG"
123:
with systemic effects. This three amino acid peptide is
75:
systems communicate and interact to control and modulate
71:
It is now well accepted that the immune, nervous and
314:Mathison, RD; Christie, E; Davison, JS (May 2008).
316:"The tripeptide feG inhibits leukocyte adhesion"
17:Immune Selective Anti-Inflammatory Derivatives
8:
458:inflammation by C-terminal peptides of the
341:
331:
218:
208:
148:
104:accumulation, decrease intracellular
7:
170:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.02.061
14:
434:10.1046/j.1365-2982.2001.00294.x
67:Mechanisms or ImmunoPharmacology
1:
462:submandibular rat 1 (SMR-1).
293:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90209-7
466:2001 an-Mar;124(1-3):201-4.
499:
464:Int Arch Allergy Immunol.
19:(ImSAIDs) are a class of
483:Anti-inflammatory agents
422:Neurogastroenterol Motil
245:Can J Physiol Pharmacol
380:10.1002/eji.200425461
333:10.1186/1476-9255-5-6
210:10.1186/1471-2172-4-3
45:submandibular gland
118:anti-inflammatory
27:cells, which are
490:
467:
452:
446:
445:
417:
411:
410:
403:J Inflamm (Lond)
398:
392:
391:
362:
356:
355:
345:
335:
320:J Inflamm (Lond)
311:
305:
304:
276:
270:
269:
239:
233:
232:
222:
212:
188:
182:
181:
153:
135:(FEG) and its D-
498:
497:
493:
492:
491:
489:
488:
487:
473:
472:
471:
470:
453:
449:
419:
418:
414:
400:
399:
395:
374:(12): 3315ā25.
364:
363:
359:
313:
312:
308:
278:
277:
273:
258:10.1139/y97-077
241:
240:
236:
190:
189:
185:
155:
154:
150:
145:
114:
69:
37:
12:
11:
5:
496:
494:
486:
485:
475:
474:
469:
468:
447:
428:(6): 599ā603.
412:
393:
357:
306:
287:(11): 527ā32.
271:
234:
183:
164:(3): 1011ā22.
147:
146:
144:
141:
113:
110:
68:
65:
36:
33:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
495:
484:
481:
480:
478:
465:
461:
457:
451:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
416:
413:
408:
404:
397:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Eur J Immunol
361:
358:
353:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
310:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Immunol Today
275:
272:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:(5): 407ā13.
251:
247:
246:
238:
235:
230:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
187:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
152:
149:
142:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:phenylalanine
122:
119:
112:Lead Compound
111:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
66:
64:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
32:
30:
26:
22:
18:
463:
450:
425:
421:
415:
406:
402:
396:
371:
367:
360:
323:
319:
309:
284:
280:
274:
249:
243:
237:
200:
196:
186:
161:
158:Neuroscience
157:
151:
115:
90:
77:inflammation
70:
38:
25:inflammatory
16:
15:
197:BMC Immunol
85:sympathetic
460:prohormone
143:References
102:eosinophil
98:neutrophil
53:amino acid
129:glutamine
106:oxidative
73:endocrine
60:endotoxin
477:Category
456:allergic
442:11903921
388:15549777
352:18492254
229:12659660
178:16581192
137:isomeric
121:molecule
94:integrin
21:peptides
409:(1): 9.
343:2408570
301:7802923
266:9250374
133:glycine
56:peptide
41:steroid
35:History
440:
386:
350:
340:
299:
264:
227:
220:152650
217:
176:
81:tissue
49:saliva
29:immune
326:: 6.
203:: 3.
438:PMID
384:PMID
348:PMID
297:PMID
262:PMID
225:PMID
174:PMID
100:and
79:and
47:and
430:doi
376:doi
338:PMC
328:doi
289:doi
254:doi
215:PMC
205:doi
166:doi
162:140
479::
436:.
426:13
424:.
405:.
382:.
372:34
370:.
346:.
336:.
322:.
318:.
295:.
285:15
283:.
260:.
250:75
248:.
223:.
213:.
199:.
195:.
172:.
160:.
444:.
432::
407:3
390:.
378::
354:.
330::
324:5
303:.
291::
268:.
256::
231:.
207::
201:4
180:.
168::
131:-
127:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.