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506:, either in its real part or in its imaginary parts. For red-and-green, some saw an even field of the new color; some saw a regular pattern of just-visible green dots and red dots; some saw islands of one color on a background of the other color. Some of the volunteers for the experiment reported that afterward, they could still imagine the new colors for a period of time.
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404:. Exploration of the color space outside the range of "real colors" by this means is major corroborating evidence for the opponent-process theory of color vision. Chimerical colors can be seen while seeing with one eye or with both eyes, and are not observed to reproduce simultaneously qualities of opposing colors (e.g. "yellowish blue"). Chimerical colors include:
201:
338:
primary colors, but since the region of real colors is bounded by a smooth curve, there will always be some colors near its edges that are left out. For this reason, primary colors are often chosen that are outside of the region of real colorsâthat is, imaginary or fictitious primary colorsâin order to capture the greatest area of real colors.
541:
Hsieh and Tse in 2006 disputed the existence of colors forbidden by opponency theory and claimed they are, in reality, intermediate colors. However, by their own account their methods differed from Crane and
Piantanida: "They stabilized the border between two colors on the retina using an eye tracker
421:
These mimic the effect of glowing material, even when viewed on a medium such as paper, which can only reflect and not emit its own light. For example, to see "self-luminous red": staring at green causes a red afterimage, then on looking at white, the red is seen against the white and may seem to be
493:
device that had a field of a vertical red stripe adjacent to a vertical green stripe, or several narrow alternating red and green stripes (or in some cases, yellow and blue instead). The device could track involuntary movements of one eye (there was a patch over the other eye) and adjust mirrors so
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tells the story of a color of the same name (represented as an earthy shade of beige) that is segregated by the other colors found in the rainbow, flags and elsewhere, because flicts is rare, seen as uncharacteristic, and therefore undervalued; at the end of the book, flicts finds its place as the
428:
These are impossibly highly saturated. For example, to see "hyperbolic orange": staring at bright cyan causes an orange afterimage, then on looking at orange, the resulting orange afterimage seen against the orange background may cause an orange color purer than the purest orange color that can be
510:
Some observers indicated that although they were aware that what they were viewing was a color (that is, the field was not achromatic), they were unable to name or describe the color. One of these observers was an artist with large color vocabulary. Other observers of the novel hues described the
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When defining primaries, the goal is often to leave as many real colors in gamut as possible. Since the region of real colors is not a triangle (see illustration), it is not possible to pick three real colors that span the whole region. The gamut can be increased by selecting more than three real
171:
have some overlap in the wavelengths of light to which they respond, so it is more efficient for the visual system to record differences between the responses of cones, rather than each type of cone's individual response. The opponent color theory suggests that there are three opponent channels:
537:
This led them to propose a "soft-wired model of cortical color opponency", in which populations of neurons compete to fire and in which the "losing" neurons go completely silent. In this model, eliminating competition by, for instance, inhibiting connections between neural populations can allow
345:
chosen to be as near as possible to pure red, green, and blue, within the area of real colors. Because of this, these displays inevitably exhibit colors nearest to real colors lying within its gamut triangle, rather than exact matches to real colors that plot outside of it. The specific gamuts
85:
suggest different hypothetical colors that humans are incapable of perceiving for one reason or another, and fictional colors are routinely created in popular culture. While some such colors have no basis in reality, phenomena such as cone cell fatigue enable colors to be perceived in certain
415:, then on looking at black, the blue is seen as blue against the black, also as dark as the black. The color is not possible to achieve through normal vision, because the lack of incident light (in the black) prevents saturation of the blue/yellow chromatic signal (the blue appearance).
494:
the image would follow the eye and the boundaries of the stripes were always on the same places on the eye's retina; the field outside the stripes was blanked with occluders. Under such conditions, the edges between the stripes seemed to disappear (perhaps due to edge-detecting
395:
color theories, which treat intensity and chroma as separate visual signals, provide a biophysical explanation of these chimerical colors. For example, staring at a saturated primary-color field and then looking at a white object results in an opposing shift in hue, causing an
519:
of the colors from subject to subject: two colors are equiluminant for an observer when rapidly alternating between the colors produces the least impression of flickering. The 2001 experiment was similar but controlled for luminance. They had these observations:
554:
Some works of fiction have mentioned fictional colors outside of the normal human visual spectrum that have not been observed yet and whose observation may require advanced technology, different physics, or magic. Introduction of a new color is often an
714:, there exist seven colors as part of a "Neathbow" that cannot be viewed in plain sunlight, are counterparts to regular colors, and have fantastical properties, such as "irrigo" and "violant", which remove and reinforce memories, respectively.
378:
is an imaginary color that can be seen temporarily by looking steadily at a strong color until some of the cone cells become fatigued, temporarily changing their color sensitivities, and then looking at a markedly different color. The direct
542:
linked to deflector mirrors, whereas we relied on visual fixation." Hsieh and Tse do not compare their methods to
Billock and Tsou, and do not cite their work, even though it was published five years earlier in 2001. See also
280:
excites only one sort of cone. If, for example, M cones could be excited alone, this would make the brain see an imaginary color greener than any physically possible green. Such a "hyper-green" color would be in the
166:
The color opponent process is a color theory that states that the human visual system interprets information about color by processing signals from cone and rod cells in an antagonistic manner. The three types of
326:, additive mixture results in color along the line between the colors being mixed. By mixing any three colors, one can therefore create any color contained in the triangle they describeâthis is called the
186:
Responses to one color of an opponent channel are antagonistic to those to the other color, and signals output from a place on the retina can contain one or the other but not both, for each opponent pair.
559:
intending to deliver additional information to the reader. Such colors are primarily discussed in literary works, as they are currently impossible to visualize (when a new color is shown in the episode
482:
According to the opponent-process theory, under normal circumstances, there is no hue that could be described as a mixture of opponent hues; that is, as a hue looking "redgreen" or "yellowblue".
758: â Methods of visualizing information by translating to colors, an image that depicts an object in colors that differ from those that a visible-colors-only photograph would show.
527:
We found that when colors were equiluminant, subjects saw reddish greens, bluish yellows, or a multistable spatial color exchange (an entirely novel perceptual phenomena [
515:
In 2001, Vincent A. Billock and Gerald A. Gleason and Brian H. Tsou set up an experiment to test a theory that the 1983 experiment did not control for variations in the perceived
1373:
502:, overriding the opponency mechanisms and producing not the color expected from mixing paints or from mixing lights on a screen, but new colors entirely, which are not in the
214:
diagram. The white regions outside the black line correspond to imaginary colors. (The colors in this figure do not reproduce the actual colors in the diagram, due to the
2146:
524:
Some subjects (4 out of 7) described transparency phenomenaâas though the opponent colors originated in two depth planes and could be seen, one through the other. ...
442:
Some people may be able to see the color "yellowâblue" in this image by letting their eyes cross so that both + symbols are on top of each other. In this image, both
265:
responses in one eye that cannot be produced by the eye in normal circumstances seeing any possible light spectrum. No physical object can have an imaginary color.
458:
Some people may be able to see the color "red-green" in this image by letting their eyes cross so that both + symbols are on top of each other. In this image, both
764: â Shade of the color gray used to adjust photographs to match perceptual brightness, as opposed to absolute brightness as measured by a digital camera.
876:"IEC 61966-2-1:1999: Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement and management - Part 2-1: Colour management - Default RGB colour space - sRGB"
346:
available to commercial display devices vary by manufacturer and model and are often defined as part of international standardsâfor example, the gamut of
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238:(space inside the triangle) than would be possible with three realistic primaries. However, some realistic colors still cannot be rendered using the
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These are simultaneously dark and impossibly saturated. For example, to see "stygian blue": staring at bright yellow causes a dark blue
272:
curve of medium-wavelength ("M") cone cells overlaps those of short-wavelength ("S") and long-wavelength ("L") cone cells. Light of any
370:
By staring at a "fatigue template" for 20â60 seconds, then switching to a neutral target, it is possible to view "impossible" colors.
2936:
1381:
Takahashi, Shigeko; Ejima, Yoshimichi (1984). "Spatial properties of red-green and yellow-blue perceptual opponent-color response".
1293:
1257:
859:
147:
121:
1033:"Perception of forbidden colors in retinally stabilized equiluminant images: an indication of softwired cortical color opponency?"
2308:
723:. In the show, pleurigloss is described as "the color of when a soldier comes home from war and sees his dog for the first timeâ.
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2303:
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582:," wherein the titular monster is theorized to have been a color beyond human senses, rendering the monster itself invisible.
579:
125:
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Most people see very bright colored concentric circles in this pattern, if it is printed and rotated at around 150â300 rpm.
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In computer and television screen color displays, the corners of the gamut triangle are defined by commercially available
1309:
438:
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that interacts with M cones also interacts with S or L cones, or both, to some extent. Therefore, no wavelength and no
3118:
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1831:
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110:
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includes a species who can see a color whose name is translated as "plaid" (including a reference to "alpha plaid").
454:
2989:
2715:
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1960:
1509:
129:
114:
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2138:
2031:
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791:â 2009 novel by Jasper Fforde, a novel where social class is determined by the specific colors that one can see
596:
561:
231:
52:
2343:
2338:
2333:
1464:
Macpherson, F. (2021) âNovel Colour
Experiences and Their Implicationsâ, in D. Brown and F. Macpherson (eds.)
1418:
Hibino, H (1992). "Red-green and yellow-blue opponent-color responses as a function of retinal eccentricity".
1484:
907:
Churchland, Paul (2005). "Chimerical Colors: Some
Phenomenological Predictions from Cognitive Neuroscience".
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2400:
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603:
311:
Although they cannot be seen, imaginary colors are often found in the mathematical descriptions that define
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2601:
2358:
717:"Pleurigloss" is the favorite color of the immortal afterlife-being Michael from the 2020 television show
611:
1001:
Suarez J; Suarez, Juan (2009). "Reddish Green: A Challenge for Modal Claims About
Phenomenal Structure".
677:", resembling a "fluorescent greenish-yellow purple" color, which can be seen only by magicians and cats.
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1970:
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1098:"Illusory color mixing upon perceptual fading and filling-in does not result in "forbidden colors""
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850:(3rd ed.). England: Fountain Press. pp. 39â46 for the basis in the physiology of the
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Crane, Hewitt D.; Piantanida, Thomas P. (1983). "On Seeing
Reddish Green and Yellowish Blue".
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610:, is named after an otherwise unnamed color, usually not observable by humans, generated by
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The human eye's red-to-green and blue-to-yellow values of each one-wavelength visible color
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1998:
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746: â Producing colors by combining the primary or secondary colors in different amounts
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334:. Any colors outside of this triangle cannot be obtained by mixing the chosen primaries.
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2020:
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533:]); when the colors were nonequiluminant, subjects saw spurious pattern formation.
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803: â Type of color vision with four types of cone cells, having four primary colors
366:
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1993:
1879:
1804:
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The
Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders
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331:
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Black versus white (this is achromatic and detects lightâdark variation or luminance)
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2005:
1988:
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It is possible however to see colours that aren't in reality. Impossible colours...
1410:
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570:, the animation for that segment of the show is purposely kept in shades of gray).
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2015:
2010:
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736: â Type of color in theatre lighting: in theatre lighting, typically in a
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1965:
1953:
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285:
chromaticity diagram in the blank area above the colored area and between the
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797: â Color evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum
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63:
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color pairs are provided. It may be necessary to zoom to adjust the image.
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color pairs are provided. It may be necessary to zoom to adjust the image.
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of two real colors is also a real color. When colors are displayed in the
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Globalization, Utopia and
Postcolonial Science Fiction: New Maps of Hope
498:
becoming fatigued) and the colors flowed into each other in the brain's
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2931:
2277:
1559:
1330:
Billock, Vincent A.; Tsou, Brian H. (2010). "Seeing
Forbidden Colors".
971:
33:
200:
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2500:
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1454:
Macpherson, F. (2003) "Novel
Colours and the Content of Experience",
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495:
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description of vision cannot explain these colors, which can involve
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of tripartite color models, and 54â57 for chromaticity coordinates.
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color of the moon. (After being gifted an English copy of the book,
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1258:"That Time 'Futurama' Was Reborn as a Video Game, Anime, and More"
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327:
235:
74:
46:
38:
32:"Reddish green" redirects here. Reddish Green is also a place in
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1948:
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One of the earliest examples of fictional colors comes from the
351:
27:
Color that cannot be perceived under ordinary viewing conditions
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1498:
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1205:
World-Builders on World-Building: An Exploration of Subcreation
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2778:
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2194:
2088:
1853:
1031:
Billock, Vincent A.; Gerald A. Gleason; Brian H. Tsou (2001).
529:
459:
443:
93:
740:, a color blended with small amounts of complementary colors.
599:, which mentions two new primary colors, "ulfire" and "jale".
234:
uses fictitious green and blue primaries to obtain a broader
66:: respectively the short-, medium- and long-wavelength types.
626:(1963) mentions "the eighth color" made visible during the
354:
was developed into a standard (IEC 61966-2-1:1999 ) by the
752: â Ability to perceive differences in light frequency
710:(2019), which take place in a shared universe created by
3076:
For the vision capacities of organisms or machines, see
1310:"The Good Place leaps into the unknownâand greatness"
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2764:
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1979:
1912:
1901:
1790:
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1619:
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1533:
489:and Thomas P. Piantanida performed tests using an
2147:Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate
1372:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
902:
900:
1466:The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Colour,
330:formed by those three colors, which are called
1288:. Tor Books. pp. 56, 176, 444, 445, 446.
1167:
1165:
1137:
1135:
1133:
478:with inverse contrast yields opposite effect.
2560:
1510:
1046:(10). Optical Society of America: 2398â2403.
538:mutually exclusive neurons to fire together.
8:
1197:
1195:
1148:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 143.
1040:Journal of the Optical Society of America A
128:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
86:circumstances that would not be otherwise.
2567:
2553:
2545:
2529:
2321:
2066:
1909:
1539:
1517:
1503:
1495:
657:signed it and wrote "The moon is flicts.")
1481:"Hyperbolic Orange and the River to Hell"
1113:
884:International Electrotechnical Commission
356:International Electrotechnical Commission
148:Learn how and when to remove this message
2298:International Commission on Illumination
1003:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
469:
453:
437:
1460:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0114.00162
1208:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 116â.
1026:
1024:
812:
2288:Color Association of the United States
1365:
7:
1178:. Fantagraphics Books. p. 640.
673:(1983), describes the eighth color "
261:that corresponds to combinations of
216:limitations of RGB computer displays
126:adding citations to reliable sources
1256:Kurland, Daniel (2 February 2016).
511:first stimulus as a reddish-green.
434:Colors outside physical color space
391:imposed by the trichromatic model.
2152:Blueâgreen distinction in language
1235:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 74.
585:Popular examples include the 1920
25:
1352:10.1038/scientificamerican0210-72
1096:Hsieh, P.-J.; Tse, P. U. (2006).
3078:
3077:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2309:International Colour Association
1892:
1479:Bradbury, Aaron (1 March 2014).
1456:Pacific Philosophical Quarterly,
1015:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2009.00247.x
429:made by any normally seen light.
301:Imaginary colors in color spaces
223:
199:
98:
77:that do not appear in ordinary
34:Reddish, Greater Manchester, UK
2304:International Color Consortium
2293:International Colour Authority
1354:(inactive 18 September 2024).
1:
2369:List of Crayola crayon colors
964:10.1126/science.221.4615.1078
387:signals outside the physical
1432:10.1016/0042-6989(92)90055-n
1395:10.1016/0042-6989(84)90075-0
1115:10.1016/j.visres.2005.11.030
633:Philip K. Dick's 1969 novel
2172:Traditional colors of Japan
1949:Achromatic colors (Neutral)
1832:Multi-primary color display
1606:Spectral power distribution
278:spectral power distribution
3135:
2990:Colour Index International
1172:Alexander Theroux (2017).
304:
159:
31:
3074:
2582:
2514:
2032:Color realism (art style)
1890:
1690:Evolution of color vision
921:10.1080/09515080500264115
683:'s science fiction novel
578:1893 horror short story "
2349:List of colors (compact)
2167:Color in Chinese culture
1817:Digital image processing
1550:Electromagnetic spectrum
909:Philosophical Psychology
646:'s 1969 children's book
422:brighter than the white.
324:CIE 1931 XYZ color space
232:ProPhoto RGB color space
2354:List of colors by shade
1202:Mark J.P. Wolf (2020).
1060:10.1364/JOSAA.18.002398
820:MacEvoy, Bruce (2005).
667:series that began with
639:mentions a color "rej".
604:The Colour Out of Space
564:" of the animated show
60:(shown here normalized)
2359:List of color palettes
1229:Eric D. Smith (2012).
1142:Gary Westfahl (2005).
535:
513:
479:
467:
451:
371:
67:
62:of the three kinds of
44:
2283:Color Marketing Group
2038:On Vision and Colours
1971:Tinctures in heraldry
1582:Structural coloration
1487:on 12 November 2020.
1285:A Deepness in the Sky
1282:Vernor Vinge (2007).
769:electromagnetic waves
686:A Deepness in the Sky
618:Marion Zimmer Bradley
522:
508:
473:
457:
441:
369:
305:Further information:
50:
42:
3007:Federal Standard 595
2587:List of color spaces
2364:List of color spaces
2256:Tint, shade and tone
2139:Cultural differences
1954:Polychromatic colors
1939:Complementary colors
1927:Monochromatic colors
846:Hunt, R. W. (1998).
592:A Voyage to Arcturus
504:CIE 1931 color space
464:Natural Color System
448:Natural Color System
418:Self-luminous colors
283:CIE 1931 color space
270:spectral sensitivity
122:improve this section
2344:List of colors: NâZ
2339:List of colors: GâM
2334:List of colors: AâF
1344:2010SciAm.302b..72B
1332:Scientific American
1052:2001JOSAA..18.2398B
956:1983Sci...221.1078C
822:"Light and the eye"
670:The Colour of Magic
636:Galactic Pot-Healer
623:The Colors of Space
606:," a 1927 story by
402:complementary color
289:-axis and the line
242:that are available.
3119:Nonexistent things
2391:List of web colors
2386:List of RAL colors
1792:Color reproduction
1757:LĂźscher color test
1594:Color of chemicals
1468:London: Routledge.
1316:. 21 October 2016.
480:
468:
452:
372:
179:Blue versus yellow
79:visual functioning
68:
57:sensitivity curves
55:is defined by the
45:
3091:
3090:
2542:
2541:
2482:
2481:
2264:
2263:
2056:
2055:
2046:Theory of Colours
1888:
1887:
1800:Color photography
1752:Color preferences
1695:Impossible colors
1685:Color vision test
1680:Color temperature
1658:Color calibration
1587:Animal coloration
1242:978-0-230-35447-0
1215:978-0-429-51601-6
1185:978-1-60699-976-9
1155:978-0-313-32951-7
950:(4615): 1078â80.
756:False-color image
642:Brazilian writer
544:binocular rivalry
476:Alternate version
425:Hyperbolic colors
362:Chimerical colors
158:
157:
150:
71:Impossible colors
18:Impossible colour
16:(Redirected from
3126:
3081:
3080:
3067:
2696:RGB color spaces
2569:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2532:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2322:
2188:Color dimensions
2177:Human skin color
2067:
1944:Analogous colors
1910:
1896:
1822:Color management
1739:Color psychology
1705:Opponent process
1621:Color perception
1540:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1496:
1491:
1483:. Archived from
1451:
1414:
1377:
1371:
1363:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1279:
1273:
1272:
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1253:
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1226:
1220:
1219:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1175:Einstein's Beets
1169:
1160:
1159:
1139:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1070:. Archived from
1037:
1028:
1019:
1018:
998:
992:
991:
939:
933:
932:
904:
895:
894:
892:
890:
872:
866:
865:
848:Measuring Colour
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
817:
712:Failbetter Games
580:The Damned Thing
393:Opponent process
376:chimerical color
352:sRGB color space
320:additive mixture
257:is a point in a
251:fictitious color
227:
203:
191:Imaginary colors
176:Red versus green
162:Opponent process
153:
146:
142:
139:
133:
102:
94:
90:Opponent process
21:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3070:
3061:
2995:CI list of dyes
2972:
2966:
2922:Imaginary color
2870:
2760:
2706:rg chromaticity
2682:
2629:
2596:
2578:
2573:
2543:
2538:
2510:
2478:
2395:
2313:
2270:
2260:
2183:
2162:Blue in culture
2133:
2052:
1999:Secondary color
1975:
1932:black-and-white
1904:
1897:
1884:
1786:
1772:National colors
1767:Political color
1747:Color symbolism
1733:
1663:Color constancy
1641:Color blindness
1615:
1572:Spectral colors
1529:
1523:
1478:
1475:
1426:(10): 1955â64.
1420:Vision Research
1417:
1383:Vision Research
1380:
1364:
1329:
1326:
1324:Further reading
1321:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1296:
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1186:
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1170:
1163:
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1141:
1140:
1131:
1108:(14): 2251â58.
1102:Vision Research
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1077:on 10 June 2010
1074:
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869:
862:
845:
844:
840:
830:
828:
819:
818:
814:
810:
730:
661:Terry Pratchett
587:science fiction
552:
487:Hewitt D. Crane
436:
364:
309:
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255:imaginary color
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11:
5:
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2743:
2741:SMPTE 240M/"C"
2738:
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2191:
2189:
2185:
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2182:
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2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:Color history
2156:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
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2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2041:(Schopenhauer)
2034:
2029:
2026:Color analysis
2023:
2021:Color triangle
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1918:
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1898:
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1872:
1871:
1870:
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1868:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1827:Color printing
1824:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:Kruithof curve
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
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1677:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1634:Sonochromatism
1625:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
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1608:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1590:
1589:
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1531:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1474:
1473:External links
1471:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1458:84(1): 43-66.
1452:
1415:
1378:
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1322:
1320:
1319:
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1154:
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1020:
993:
934:
896:
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860:
838:
811:
809:
806:
805:
804:
798:
795:Spectral color
792:
788:Shades of Grey
784:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
729:
726:
725:
724:
720:The Good Place
715:
690:
678:
658:
655:Neil Armstrong
640:
631:
615:
612:alien entities
608:H.P. Lovecraft
600:
583:
576:Ambrose Bierce
551:
548:
435:
432:
431:
430:
426:
423:
419:
416:
409:
408:Stygian colors
363:
360:
348:chromaticities
332:primary colors
302:
299:
229:
222:
221:
205:
198:
197:
196:
195:
194:
192:
189:
184:
183:
180:
177:
160:Main article:
156:
155:
106:
104:
97:
91:
88:
83:color theories
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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2996:
2993:
2992:
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2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
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2977:
2975:
2973:and standards
2971:Color systems
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2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:CIELUV (1976)
2666:
2664:
2663:CIELAB (1976)
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
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2649:
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2276:
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2273:
2271:organizations
2267:
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2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
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2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:Pastel colors
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
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2192:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2175:
2173:
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2163:
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2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
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2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
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2110:
2107:
2105:
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2100:
2097:
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2087:
2085:
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2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Primary color
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Light-on-dark
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
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1900:
1895:
1881:
1880:Color mapping
1878:
1876:
1873:
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1864:
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1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
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1829:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
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1806:
1805:Color balance
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1782:Chromotherapy
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
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1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
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1740:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:Tetrachromacy
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:Achromatopsia
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:Chromesthesia
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
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1579:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:Color physics
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Color science
1532:
1527:
1520:
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1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
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1433:
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1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1389:(9): 987â94.
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1361:
1357:
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1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
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1297:
1295:9781429915090
1291:
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1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1009:(2): 346â91.
1008:
1004:
997:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
938:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
915:(5): 527â60.
914:
910:
903:
901:
897:
885:
881:
877:
871:
868:
863:
861:0-86343-387-1
857:
853:
849:
842:
839:
827:
823:
816:
813:
807:
802:
801:Tetrachromacy
799:
796:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
735:
734:Bastard color
732:
731:
727:
722:
721:
716:
713:
709:
708:
707:Sunless Skies
703:
702:
697:
696:
695:Fallen London
691:
688:
687:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
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2244:Fluorescence
2207:Colorfulness
2200:Dichromatism
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2006:Chromaticity
1989:Color mixing
1981:Color theory
1914:Color scheme
1777:Chromophobia
1726:
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750:Color vision
744:Color mixing
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120:Please help
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81:. Different
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51:Human color
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3017:ICC profile
2576:Color space
2381:Color chart
2239:Iridescence
2071:Basic terms
2062:Color terms
2016:Color wheel
2011:Color solid
1875:Color space
1861:subtractive
1844:Color model
1715:Unique hues
1611:Colorimetry
1577:Chromophore
889:24 November
773:radio waves
762:Middle gray
701:Sunless Sea
491:eye-tracker
350:defined by
307:Color space
259:color space
3114:Perception
3098:Categories
2907:Hexachrome
2716:Wide-gamut
2658:UVW (1964)
2653:YUV (1960)
2648:RGB (1931)
2643:XYZ (1931)
2401:Shades of:
2234:Brightness
1966:Web colors
1922:Color tool
1905:philosophy
1810:Color cast
1710:Afterimage
1700:Metamerism
1673:Color code
1668:Color task
1651:Dichromacy
808:References
777:microwaves
771:, such as
550:In fiction
413:afterimage
398:afterimage
385:saturation
274:wavelength
169:cone cells
64:cone cells
3059:JIS Z8102
2842:Rec. 2100
2830:Rec. 2100
2825:Rec. 2020
2756:Rec. 2100
2751:Rec. 2020
2251:Grayscale
2224:Lightness
2219:Luminance
2028:(fashion)
1728:The dress
1081:21 August
929:144906744
852:human eye
826:Handprint
738:color gel
665:Discworld
663:, in his
517:luminance
485:In 1983,
343:phosphors
263:cone cell
240:colorants
138:June 2022
109:does not
53:sensation
3022:ISCCâNBS
2912:HSL, HSV
2897:Coloroid
2892:ColorADD
2820:Rec. 709
2815:Rec. 601
2746:Rec. 709
2736:Rec. 601
2721:ProPhoto
2678:CIECAM16
2673:CIECAM02
2625:CIECAM16
2610:CIECAM02
2524:Category
2506:Lighting
2229:Darkness
2049:(Goethe)
1849:additive
1837:Quattron
1448:10997569
1360:20128226
1124:16469353
1068:11583256
988:34878248
980:17736657
728:See also
698:(2009),
675:octarine
567:Futurama
557:allegory
208:CIE 1931
3042:Pantone
3037:Ostwald
3027:Munsell
2932:OSA-UCS
2488:Related
2449:Magenta
2374:history
2278:Pantone
1565:Visible
1560:Rainbow
1440:1287992
1411:2440866
1403:6506487
1340:Bibcode
1314:TV Club
1267:14 July
1262:Vulture
1048:Bibcode
972:1691544
952:Bibcode
944:Science
644:Ziraldo
630:travel.
496:neurons
400:of the
130:removed
115:sources
3109:Vision
3082:
2882:CcMmYK
2731:DCI-P3
2501:Qualia
2496:Vision
2444:Purple
2439:Violet
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2109:Orange
2104:Purple
2094:Yellow
1528:topics
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649:Flicts
589:novel
75:colors
3104:Color
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2875:Other
2866:YCoCg
2861:xvYCC
2849:YPbPr
2837:ICtCp
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2791:SECAM
2786:YDbDr
2726:scRGB
2711:Adobe
2620:CAM16
2534:Index
2474:Black
2464:White
2459:Brown
2424:Green
2326:Lists
2318:Names
2300:(CIE)
2269:Color
2129:Brown
2124:White
2114:Black
2084:Green
1903:Color
1599:Water
1555:Light
1526:Color
1444:S2CID
1407:S2CID
1075:(PDF)
1036:(PDF)
984:S2CID
968:JSTOR
925:S2CID
831:5 May
389:gamut
328:gamut
236:gamut
3052:list
2985:ANPA
2980:ACES
2937:PCCS
2887:CMYK
2803:NTSC
2766:Yâ˛UV
2701:sRGB
2615:iCAM
2469:Gray
2454:Pink
2434:Blue
2429:Cyan
2119:Gray
2099:Pink
2079:Blue
1866:CMYK
1436:PMID
1399:PMID
1374:link
1356:PMID
1290:ISBN
1269:2020
1237:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1120:PMID
1083:2010
1064:PMID
976:PMID
891:2023
856:ISBN
833:2007
462:and
446:and
318:Any
297:=1.
268:The
230:The
206:The
113:any
111:cite
73:are
3047:RAL
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3012:HKS
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2854:MAC
2798:YIQ
2779:PAL
2774:YUV
2688:RGB
2635:CIE
2602:CAM
2409:Red
2195:Hue
2089:Red
1854:RGB
1428:doi
1391:doi
1348:doi
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1056:doi
1011:doi
960:doi
948:221
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628:FTL
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