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Uniform coverage of the watered area was a key point of the design: Already in the original invention, the actuator plate onto which the stream of water pushes, is shaped so that the jet of water is temporarily broken up, in order to irrigate the portion of the field near the sprinkler. In the later
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above the base. The force of the outgoing water flings the sprinkler arm on a circular motion. The arm, which is weighted for a particular speed of operation, is pushed back in to the stream of water by a return-spring. At the end of its travel it impacts a part of the sprinkler-head structure. The
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An underground pop-up version of the impact sprinkler was introduced as a way to avoid the problem of having to carefully and time consumingly mow around overground sprinkler heads. When not in operation, these sprinklers disappear out of sight below turf level. Although these variants provide
89:"part-circle heads", which intentionally only cover a chosen sector of a circle, the close range watering coverage role is provided by the rapid "return cycle", while some modern "full-circle heads" feature an additional, opposing, short range "spreader"
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Although largely replaced by gear-driven "rotor heads" by the 1990s, impact sprinklers still have many advantages, including uniformity of coverage, sand and grit resistance, and operation at lower water pressures.
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attachment nut. Invented in 1933 by Orton
Englehart, it quickly found widespread use. Though it has in many situations been replaced by gear-driven "rotor heads", many varieties of impact sprinkler remain in use.
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water. One defining feature of impact heads is they almost always have male pipe threads, as opposed to the female threads found on virtually all other sprinkler types.
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The uninterrupted flow path of impact heads makes them less vulnerable to damage and clogging by dirt and sand in the water. Thus, they are suitable for systems fed by
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The impact sprinkler's long spray radius and uniform water distribution re-creates the effect of natural rainfall. The device provides an above-ground alternative to
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regular convenience, malfunctioning sprinkler heads that fail to recede may become damaged by an inattentive landscaper mowing over them.
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citrus grower Orton
Englehart. He later sold it to Clem and Mary La Fetra who manufactured and marketed it under the brand name
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On a part-circle head, two limiting collars can easily be adjusted with the fingers, to achieve the area of coverage desired.
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The sprinkler head has traditionally been manufactured from cast metal. Since the 1970s some smaller models also use
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in which the sprinkler head, driven in a circular motion by the force of the outgoing water, pivots on a
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276:"Landscape Irrigation Equipment Part 1: Sprinklers & Spray Heads — HGIC @ Clemson University"
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The original horizontal action impact drive sprinkler was invented in 1933 and patented in 1935 by
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of the arm is thereby transferred onto the head, so that the whole assembly turns slightly.
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The basic design operates as follows: The sprinkler base is fixed to the water pipe with a
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Barrett, James; Brian
Vinchesi; Robert Dobson; Paul Roche; David Zoldoske (January 2004).
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Golf Course
Irrigation: Environmental Design and Management Practices
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122:, in which trenches are dug between rows of crops and flooded.
252:"Operating Characteristics of Center Pivot Sprinklers"
156:. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 62–64.
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Impact sprinkler in slow motion (video clip, 32 sec)
202:. Vol. 84. St. James Press. p. 318.
179:"Glendora Family Shares Wealth With Community"
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341:"Rain Bird – California's Gold (12002)"
199:International Directory of Company Histories
306:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 84.
76:attachment nut. The head can pivot on a
177:TAY KELLEY, SIOK-HIAN (July 26, 1990).
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110:for improved corrosion resistance.
278:. Hgic.clemson.edu. Archived from
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93:(see image) for that purpose.
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152:Landers, John David (2001).
16:Type of irrigation sprinkler
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351:Huell Howser Archive.
232:U.S. Patent 1,997,901
31:(sometimes called an
23:Impact sprinkler head
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339:(November 8, 2010).
223:Orton H. Englehart.
68:Design and operation
58:Glendora, California
37:irrigation sprinkler
366:American inventions
196:Tina Grant (2007).
154:Glendora California
349:Chapman University
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345:California's Gold
313:978-0-471-46455-6
225:"Water Sprinkler"
163:978-0-7385-0826-9
120:furrow irrigation
33:impulse sprinkler
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52:Development
371:Irrigation
360:Categories
286:2008-12-28
261:2008-12-17
237:2024-07-19
139:References
126:Variations
257:. NebGuid
62:Rain Bird
183:LA Times
74:threaded
45:threaded
78:bearing
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228:(PDF)
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