421:
370:
383:, Collor's official residence, were covered with funds from PC Farias' companies. Approved by 16 votes to 5, the committee's final report also concluded that Collor's and PC's accounts were not included in the 1990 confiscation. On September 29, 1992, the Chamber of Deputies approved the opening of impeachment proceedings against Collor by 441 votes in favor, 38 against, 1 abstention and 23 absent. On October 1, 1992, the impeachment process was instituted in the Federal Senate. The following day, Collor was removed from office. Vice-president
29:
349:, a set of measures aimed at containing inflation and stabilizing the economy. It consisted of two main projects: Collor Plan I, which included the confiscation of financial assets and a price freeze, and Collor Plan II, involving monetary reform and a more flexible price freeze. Although it initially reduced inflation, the plan caused the biggest recession in Brazilian history, which resulted in increased unemployment and company bankruptcies.
1352:
1328:
1340:
477:
for judging crime of liability. In his opinion, Collor was convicted without valid proof. That same year, the seven ministers who took part in the trial voted unanimously to dismiss the appeal. In 1993, Collor had filed a petition with the
Supreme Court asking for his ineligibility to be annulled, but his request was also rejected.
473:. Aristides Junqueira also pointed out the lack of an "act of office" perpetrated by Collor. In practice, the ministers' interpretation is that the crime could only be established when there was proof of the anticipation, omission or delay of a functional act due to an advantage received. In the case file, this was not duly proven.
476:
In 1997, Fernando Collor filed a lawsuit asking for the annulment of the suspension of his political rights. According to Célio Silva, former advisor general of the
Republic and Collor's lawyer, the 1992 impeachment process could not even have been initiated, as there is no law establishing the rules
258:
procedures with 441 votes in favor. On
December 29, 1992, when the trial began in the Federal Senate, Collor resigned in a letter read out by lawyer José Moura Rocha to avoid impeachment. However, the following day, Collor was sentenced to be disqualified from holding public office for eight years by
456:
4.384.122.689,00 directly from companies linked to PC Farias. Collor argued that the money was the residue of campaign expenses, but later claimed that the funds had been obtained through a loan in
Uruguay. In 1994, Collor and Paulo César Farias were acquitted of charges of passive corruption by the
390:
Fernando Collor's trial in the
Federal Senate began on December 29, 1992. On the same day, he resigned in a letter read out by lawyer José Moura Rocha to avoid impeachment. The following day, Collor was sentenced by 76 votes to 2 against to be disqualified from holding public office for eight years.
356:
magazine on May 13, 1992, Pedro Collor de Mello accused Paulo César Farias, treasurer of
Fernando Collor's presidential campaign, of articulating a corruption scheme involving influence trafficking, the allotment of public positions and the extraction of bribes within the government. The PC Farias
341:
hunter", a fighter against inflation and corruption and a "defender of the poor", advocated reducing the power of the federal government. In contrast, Lula presented himself to the population as an expert on workers' problems, especially because of his experience in the trade union movement, and
464:
A recording of a telephone conversation and PC's personal computer diskettes, considered crucial evidence, were disregarded by the court after being classified as illegal, as they were acquired during a police search and seizure without a warrant or judicial request for
489:, questioning the legality of the political criteria and the judicialization of the process and pointing out that the legal mechanism has been built with imperfections and arrogance by both politicians and anonymous people seeking notoriety. In 2016, he released
840:
274:
was treasurer of the presidential team of
Fernando Collor de Mello and Itamar Franco. After the victory, PC Farias became involved in several areas of government and organized and led a huge corruption scheme. In an interview with
365:
to investigate the case. During the inquiry process, Ana Acioli, Collor's secretary, and
Francisco Eriberto, his former driver, testified to the commission, confirming the accusations and giving details of the scheme.
377:
One of the methods used by PC Farias involved opening fake accounts to wire money collected from bribes and transferred from the public coffers to Ana Acioli's accounts. In addition, expenses at the
394:
In August 1992, during the committee's deliberations, the
Brazilian population launched protests in favor of impeachment. The demonstrations were led by young people, who painted "
679:
967:
890:
576:
1296:
778:
942:
1041:
865:
449:
362:
420:
627:
1166:
1392:
469:. Other evidence collected from the files stored on PC's computer was also annulled after Collor's lawyer team invoked the doctrine of the
310:
545:
511:
369:
1397:
1382:
506:
494:
298:
1318:
334:
326:
251:
120:
1387:
470:
358:
493:, a compilation of the material he spoke during the two impeachment processes he and Brazil went through in 1992 and
330:
1141:
1377:
516:
357:
Scheme would have benefited high-ranking members of the government and
Fernando Collor. The following month, the
318:
42:
28:
1372:
453:
68:
Consequences: Collor lost his political rights for 8 years and Vice-President Itamar Franco assumed office.
1167:"Corrupção, memória e o ato de julgar: o senso de justiça e o espírito de vingança no caso Collor de Melo"
314:
445:
458:
282:
916:
826:
286:
917:"Os impeachments de Collor e Dilma e o papel da Constituição na estabilização democrática brasileira"
753:
705:
408:
841:"Eriberto França diz que não faria o que fez em 1992, quando denunciou esquema na CPI do PC Farias"
655:
379:
333:-SP). The campaign was characterized by the emotional tone used by the candidates and criticism of
247:
46:
803:
521:
433:
271:
600:
1091:
1116:
1016:
729:
526:
437:
259:
76 votes in favor and 2 against. It was Brazil's third impeachment trial; in 1955, Presidents
1065:
399:
1356:
277:
680:"Memórias eleitorais: Eleições 1989 - a primeira com mapas de totalização informatizados"
992:
1344:
425:
1351:
1237:
943:"Collor renunciou para escapar da inelegibilidade em 1992, mas não conseguiu; entenda"
1366:
1332:
1212:
1187:
384:
264:
461:
for lack of evidence; PC Farias was sentenced to seven years in prison for forgery.
1280:
1263:
444:(Collor was only charged with the crime of passive corruption). In the indictment,
346:
322:
891:"'Impeachment é como bomba atômica: serve para dissuadir, mas não deve ser usado'"
466:
255:
260:
289:. The investigation revealed that those involved collected around 15 million
968:"Em 1992, Senado recebeu denúncia e afastou ex-presidente Collor em 2 dias"
779:"Entre infartos, falências e suicídios: os 30 anos do confisco da poupança"
432:
Fernando Collor and eight other people were investigated for the crimes of
866:"Queda de Collor ocorreu quatro meses após denúncias feitas pelo irmão"
441:
628:"Condenação de PC Farias por esquema de corrupção completa 25 anos"
387:
assumed temporary office and began to choose his ministerial team.
804:"Hiperinflação e estabilização no Brasil: o primeiro Plano Collor"
419:
368:
1142:"Não importa o crime, prova ilegal tem de ser sempre rejeitada"
487:
Resgate da História - A verdade sobre o processo do impeachment
1265:
Resgate da história: a verdade sobre o processo do impeachment
546:"Quais presidentes já passaram por processos de impeachment?"
285:
denounced Fernando Collor for being directly involved in the
16:
1992 impeachment of then-President of Brazil Fernando Collor
342:
supported the strong presence of the state in the economy.
1238:"STF recusa pedido de Collor de disputar eleições em 98"
1092:"Martinez recebeu dinheiro de "fantasmas" de PC Farias"
270:
During the political campaign for the 1989 elections,
1316:
452:, claimed that Collor used fake accounts to receive
406:" ("Impeachment Now") on their faces: this was the
232:
222:
212:
207:
199:
189:
179:
169:
164:
156:
146:
136:
126:
118:
110:
100:
90:
85:
80:
72:
62:
52:
38:
21:
373:Inauguration of President Fernando Collor de Melo.
1188:"Collor recorre ao STF para reaver seus direitos"
1115:Marques, Márcia; Souza, Gutemberg (1994-12-10).
802:Ferreira, Luiz Carlos; Nakano, Yoshiaki (1991).
1297:"Fernando Collor lança livro sobre impeachment"
993:"Entenda o que foi o Movimento Caras-Pintadas"
428:, begins the vote on the impeachment request.
345:In 1990, the federal government launched the
66:Concluded by impeachment on December 29, 1992
8:
1117:"Tribunal desconsidera gravação como prova"
86:Voting in the Chamber of Deputies committee
1282:Réplica para a história : uma catarse
1017:"Por 5 votos contra 3, Collor é absolvido"
424:The president of the Chamber of Deputies,
313:, the first after the promulgation of the
18:
250:, began on September 29, 1992, when the
1323:
1213:"STF decide arquivar recurso de Collor"
537:
808:Brazilian Journal of Political Economy
33:Fernando Collor leaves the presidency.
56:29 September 1992 – 29 December 1992
7:
650:
648:
622:
620:
571:
569:
567:
565:
491:Réplica para a História: uma catarse
577:"20 ANOS DO IMPEACHMENT DO COLLOR"
485:In 2007, Collor released the book
450:Prosecutor General of the Republic
14:
1279:Melo, Fernando Collor de (2016).
1262:Melo, Fernando Collor de (2014).
1350:
1338:
1326:
941:Schoroeder, Lucas (2023-06-30).
512:Effort to impeach Getúlio Vargas
363:Parliamentary Inquiry Commission
337:. Collor, who called himself a "
27:
1090:Magalhães, Mário (2002-08-01).
991:Hirano, Caroline (2020-09-10).
440:, suppression of documents and
966:Madeiro, Carlos (2016-04-19).
777:Bernardo, André (2020-03-17).
704:Gouvea, Viviane (2023-03-02).
293:and spent more than a billion
244:impeachment of Fernando Collor
165:Voting in the Senate committee
22:Impeachment of Fernando Collor
1:
827:"EXUMAÇÃO DE UMA PRESIDÊNCIA"
507:Presidency of Collor de Mello
317:, resulted in the victory of
1042:"Ação Penal 307 – Descrição"
710:Federal Government of Brazil
299:Fernando Collor's government
208:Voting in the Federal Senate
1393:Political history of Brazil
471:fruit of the poisonous tree
1414:
1140:Ito, Marina (2008-07-09).
311:1989 presidential election
915:Lorencini, Bruno (2022).
601:"Fernando Collor de Melo"
517:Impeachment of Carlos Luz
352:In a report published by
327:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
315:1988 Federal Constitution
26:
1165:Santos, Glauber (2016).
481:Books by Fernando Collor
335:José Sarney's government
319:Fernando Collor de Mello
254:approved the opening of
43:Fernando Collor de Mello
581:THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES
1398:Presidencies of Brazil
825:Mafei, Rafael (1992).
467:telephone interception
429:
416:Subsequent proceedings
374:
281:magazine in May 1992,
1383:Impeachment in Brazil
423:
402:: "Collor Out") and "
372:
267:were also impeached.
845:Correio Braziliense
656:"Esquema PC Farias"
446:Aristides Junqueira
252:Chamber of Deputies
248:president of Brazil
121:Chamber of Deputies
81:Congressional votes
47:President of Brazil
1388:Impeachment trials
1146:Consultor Juridico
730:"Eleições de 1989"
706:"Eleições de 1989"
522:Politics of Brazil
434:passive corruption
430:
375:
305:Historical context
272:Paulo César Farias
76:Crime of liability
1285:. Federal Senate.
1268:. Federal Senate.
1242:Folha de S. Paulo
1217:Folha de S. Paulo
1192:Folha de S. Paulo
1121:Folha de S. Paulo
1096:Folha de S. Paulo
1070:Folha de S. Paulo
1021:Folha de S. Paulo
527:History of Brazil
438:active corruption
359:National Congress
240:
239:
1405:
1378:1992 in politics
1355:
1354:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1293:
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1137:
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1128:
1127:
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1038:
1032:
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988:
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938:
932:
931:
921:
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837:
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624:
615:
614:
612:
611:
597:
591:
590:
588:
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573:
560:
559:
557:
556:
542:
287:PC Farias Scheme
225:
215:
192:
182:
172:
149:
139:
129:
103:
93:
31:
19:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
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1404:
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1402:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1349:
1339:
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1327:
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1317:
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989:
985:
976:
974:
965:
964:
960:
951:
949:
940:
939:
935:
930:(234): 161–178.
919:
914:
913:
909:
900:
898:
889:
888:
884:
875:
873:
864:
863:
859:
850:
848:
839:
838:
834:
829:(195 ed.).
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67:
58:(3 months)
57:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
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1373:1992 in Brazil
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1008:
983:
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895:FHC Foundation
882:
857:
832:
817:
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769:
754:"Plano Collor"
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721:
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592:
561:
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519:
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426:Ibsen Pinheiro
417:
414:
409:Caras-pintadas
404:Impeachment Já
306:
303:
238:
237:
234:
230:
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226:
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214:Votes in favor
210:
209:
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171:Votes in favor
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128:Votes in favor
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119:Voting in the
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92:Votes in favor
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40:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1022:
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987:
984:
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918:
911:
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842:
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833:
828:
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795:
784:
780:
773:
770:
759:
755:
749:
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731:
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711:
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697:
685:
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675:
672:
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633:
629:
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578:
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459:Supreme Court
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385:Itamar Franco
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380:Casa da Dinda
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224:Votes against
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211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
188:
184:
181:Votes against
178:
174:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
145:
141:
138:Votes against
135:
131:
125:
122:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:Votes against
99:
95:
89:
84:
79:
75:
71:
65:
61:
55:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1305:. Retrieved
1303:. 2016-12-12
1300:
1291:
1281:
1274:
1264:
1257:
1246:. Retrieved
1244:. 1997-12-03
1241:
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1219:. 1997-12-03
1216:
1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1194:. 1997-09-18
1191:
1182:
1173:
1160:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:
1135:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1085:
1074:. Retrieved
1072:. 1995-06-16
1069:
1060:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:
1036:
1025:. Retrieved
1023:. 1994-12-13
1020:
1011:
1000:. Retrieved
996:
986:
975:. Retrieved
971:
961:
950:. Retrieved
946:
936:
927:
924:RIL Brasilia
923:
910:
899:. Retrieved
897:. 2023-01-12
894:
885:
874:. Retrieved
872:. 2014-04-25
869:
860:
849:. Retrieved
847:. 2010-03-28
844:
835:
820:
811:
807:
797:
786:. Retrieved
782:
772:
761:. Retrieved
757:
748:
737:. Retrieved
733:
724:
713:. Retrieved
709:
699:
688:. Retrieved
686:. 2021-07-12
683:
674:
663:. Retrieved
659:
636:. Retrieved
634:. 2019-05-20
631:
608:. Retrieved
604:
595:
584:. Retrieved
580:
553:. Retrieved
549:
540:
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431:
407:
403:
395:
393:
389:
378:
376:
353:
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344:
338:
308:
294:
290:
283:Pedro Collor
276:
269:
243:
241:
1066:"PC Farias"
396:Fora Collor
347:Collor Plan
256:impeachment
246:, the 32th
1367:Categories
1307:2024-01-18
1248:2024-01-18
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