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raids against the
Piscattaway. These charges were well within the scope of a "constructive treason" under the statute of 25 Edward III, but the lower house did not choose to accuse him of that offense. His crimes, if he was guilty of the charges, were nevertheless more serious than misdirected personal allegiance. One must recognize the great extra-legal power he wielded. The Northern Indians had once before brought the colony to its knees. If, in the employ of the colony, he had violated his duties as an interpreter, he could be accused of malfeasance in office. In addition, the Maryland books were filled with statutes regulating commerce with the Indians; Young seems to have ignored these laws. Finally, Maryland, like England, imposed stiff penalties on the raisers of riots and tumults. These were common in late seventeenth-century Maryland, and one gathers that Young was practiced in them.
135:
that the
Assembly had acted in a manner that he called, "not any ordinary and just way of impeaching." He argued that the manner that the Assembly had acted, "is prosecuted to this honourable House in such a Form and manner it is unusual in matters of this kind to be observed and prosecuted." He also argued that the matter should instead be resolved in provincial court where Morris would be able to legally sue him. The Council agreed with Morecroft's arguments, including those about improper procedure having taken place. The Council acquitted Morecroft and advised the Assembly of the procedural errors it believed had been made.
1903:
255:. Hearings before special courts of oder and terminal was a regular practice in Colonial America for quickly addressing important cases. The Council gave this some consideration, but ultimately judged against it. English statute had forbidden trials for treason to take place without two witnesses to the act in question. The Council forbid to allow any natives to testify against a
321:. An absolute majority is the threshold required for an impeachment by the House of Delegates. For impeachment trials in the Senate, all senators are required to take an oath or affirmation to "do justice according to the law and evidence." An absolute two-thirds is the threshold required for a conviction in an impeachment trial.
305:
The
Council further requested for the Assembly to pass a bill of attainer against him, which the Assembly refused to do. The two houses then reached an agreement to pass a bill of punishment with an effective clause allowing for Young's freedom upon recognizances for his good behavior, with the further punishment of banishment.
304:
Young was imprisoned for much of his trial. His defense ended with him petitioning for a speedy conclusion to his sufferings or freedom on bail. However, it took nearly another year, until
October 1683, until a verdict was reached. The Council found Young guilty, thereby removing him from his office.
134:
During the impeachment trial before the council, in addition to refuting the charges brought against him, Morecroft centered his defense on deviations that the impeachment action had taken from what he argued to proper procedure, including the lack of impeachment managers from the
Assembly. He argued
283:
in the province, speaking for the
Indians at times likely to cause mischief, failing to mediate between the Northern Indians and other parties according to his instructions as an officer of the government, marrying an Indian, and, in a charge specified when the case came to the upper house, leading
296:
Young wanted
Northern Indians witnesses to be permitted to testify in his defense in the impeachment trial. The Council did not allow this, but did permit for a message from them to be read. Furthermore, Bland was only permitted by the council to speak on behalf of Young if a "matter of law should
238:
From
September 1681 to November 1683, the executive and both houses of the colonial assembly wrestled with the problem of bringing Young to justice. The issues raised in that long controversy suggest that the case against Young was no mere partisan squabble. The quasi-diplomatic role of the Indian
164:. Cheseldyn's signature had, incidentally, also appeared on the articles of impeachment. Similar to Morecroft's defense in his impeachment, Cheseldyn argued on Trueman's defense that the impeachment had not followed what he insisted would be proper procedure for an impeachment. He argued that no
159:
The impeachment accused
Trueman of "diverse and Sundry Enormous Crimes and Offenses." Involved in the impeachment as an assembly member was John Morecroft, who had himself been impeached years earlier. In his impeachment trial before the council, Trueman was defended by attorney
239:
interpreters and traders, with their powerful influence upon the tribes, affected the security of the colony. The survival of
Maryland, at least in the eyes of its government, depended upon the loyalty of these men, and Young was a would-be warlord of the frontier counties.
288:
Kenelm Cheseldyn refused to act as Young's defense. Thomas Bland was named to help Young in preparing Young's reply. On November 14, 1682, Young submitted what Hull and Hoffer characterize as having been a "rambling, highly personal, defense
1927:
267:
against Young. Since an impeachment trial was decided against, the Council suggested that the Assembly might perhaps impeach Young for "high misdemeanors". After some discussion between the two houses, the Assembly decided to impeach.
155:
that were held as hostages to be executed. Peter Hoffer and N. E. H. Hull wrote that the reason for impeachment by the assembly to have been "partly for his bungling, partly to placate other tribes, and partly for an obvious felony."
147:, who had represented Calvert County in the lower house of the Maryland Assembly in 1661 and 1662, and then served in the Assembly's Upper House, was impeached. Trueman had led a militia in a failed siege of a fortress belonging to
739:
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resident that worked for Maryland's prominent Calvert family as an Indian (Native American) interpreter, was impeached. Peter Hoffer and N. E. H. Hull recount that Young had upset the Calverts by siding too often with the
168:
had been taken from Trueman prior to his impeachment and that the petition for the impeachment was illegal. However, the Council found Trueman to be guilty on May 26, 1676. The Council requested for the Assembly to pass a
397:
in circumvention of state law. The resolution was referred to the House of Delegates' Rules Committee. On March 3, 2023, the House Rules Committee, without holding any debate, unanimously voted to reject the resolution.
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businesses, and restrictions on in-person religious gatherings. The resolution also alleged that Hogan had, "awarded procurement contracts based on political relationships, misspent Marylanders’ tax dollars on unusable
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17:
846:
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to impose criminal punishment on Trueman, proposing an execution. However, the Assembly instead desired to only impose a fine on Trueman. Trueman was fined and released under a
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and judges are subject to impeachment. It is unclear whether other officers, including local officials, can be impeached. However, a 1973 opinion written by the Office of the
1264:
112:
The true motivation Morecroft's fellow assembly members had in bringing these charges against him, however, was that Morecroft acted as a spokesperson for the council (the
832:
83:. This means was used by Morris because Morris was not a member of the assembly himself. This petition came after Morecroft had sued Morris in provincial court for
213:
to follow his lead, and then assaulting another settler, Edward Pinne, may have arisen from a police officer's overzealousness or from an obscure political struggle.
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which made dozens of allegations against Hogan. The resolution alleged that Hogan had infringed the individual liberties of Maryland residents with safety measures
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kits, and intentionally misled the legislature and the public on the status of the inadequate test kits." It also alleged that Hogan had used disappearing message
880:
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Nevertheless, on June 1, 1676, the Council found James to be guilty and removed him from his office. The Council did not consider a criminal penalty.
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1063:
872:
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and has been legally permitted during Maryland's statehood. Impeachment allows a legislative body to remove an official from office after a trial.
1088:
1947:
102:" law to Maryland's Assembly (charges which Peter Hoffer and N. E. H. Hull write was "an example of colonial dislike for trained English Law")
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1760:
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The Assembly forwarded the articles of impeachment to the council. However, the Assembly diverged from English practice by not sending any
53:
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The assembly impeached him for bringing the proprietary into disrepute among the Indians, urging the Northern Indians to war against the
116:) during earlier debate regarding the colony's charter. Maryland's charters, patents, and statues all lacked provisions for impeachment.
1853:
1952:
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judicial officeholder, was impeached by the assembly. Hoffer's impeachment was initiated by a petition brought by influential trader
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argued that the Maryland Constitution's impeachment provision can be interpreted to allow the impeachment of
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Per the current language of the (fourth) Constitution of Maryland, adopted in 1867 and amended since, the
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123:(prosecutors) from its body. Per the research of Hoffer and Hull, this was the first impeachment in the
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having declared that he could do whatever he wanted in regards to natives. Hoffer and Hull write that,
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Demanded exorbitant fees as a lawyer (implicit that he leveraged his judicial office to obtain them)
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368:. The resolution was seen as highly unlikely to be adopted. The resolution included six proposed
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man such as Young. As of the fall of 1682, those against Young could only bring forth Colonel
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John Morecroft (member of the Assembly of Free Marylanders and judicial officer) in 1669
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In 1699, John Morecroft, a member of the Assembly of Free Marylanders (Maryland's
365:
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33:
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The Assembly wrote articles of impeachment. Young did not help his case by
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1015:
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has the sole power to impeach and all impeachments shall be tried in the
29:
802:"Gov. Larry Hogan beats impeachment attempt by Trump-aligned Republican"
740:"Maryland Constitution not specific on removal of a sheriff from office"
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arise upon trial." English precedent for impeachment did not allow for
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The indictment of James on May 27, 1676 for falsely swearing before a
1928:
Impeachment by state and territorial governments of the United States
152:
18:
Impeachment by state and territorial governments of the United States
980:
546:
364:, introduced a resolution to impeach incumbent Republican governor
344:
in response to a scandal involving a sheriff of Frederick County.
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984:
828:
649:"Maryland Constitution – Article III – Legislative Department"
243:
It was first sought by the Calverts for Young to be tried for
709:"Maryland Constitution – Article IV – Judiciary Department"
679:"Maryland Constitution – Article II – Executive Department"
263:(a fellow Indian negotiator and member of the council) to
79:. Petition was a method of impeachment carried over from
771:"In Longshot Move, Del. Cox Seeks to Impeach Gov. Hogan"
588:"Chapter IV – Freedom or Bondage – The Judicial Record"
94:
brought against Morecroft accused Morecroft of having:
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Simultaneously defended opposing parties in a lawsuit
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360:state house member who was running for governor in
181:Charles James (sheriff of Caecill County) in 1676
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201:. Peter Hoffer and N. E. H. Hull wrote that,
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452:. New Haven: Yale Univ. Pr. pp. 17–21.
324:The constitution explicitly states that the
886:Article I of the United States Constitution
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593:Blacks before the Law in Colonial Maryland
524:Hoffer, Peter C.; Hull, N. E. H. (1978).
384:for healthcare workers, closures for non-
865:Impeachment inquiry in the United States
221:Jacob Young (Indian interpreter) in 1682
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193:, was impeached on May 27, 1676, for
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1933:Impeachment in the Thirteen Colonies
972:Impeachment in the Thirteen Colonies
586:Kimmel, Ross M. (January 24, 1974).
54:Impeachment in the Thirteen Colonies
946:Court for the Trial of Impeachments
450:Impeachment in America, 1635 – 1805
301:to speak on behalf of a defendant.
362:that year's gubernatorial election
14:
896:State and territorial impeachment
769:Kurtz, Josh (February 10, 2022).
526:"The First American Impeachments"
348:Statehood-era impeachment efforts
1901:
856:Impeachment in the United States
22:Impeachment in the United States
738:Niel, Clara (April 11, 2023).
534:The William and Mary Quarterly
234:. Hoffer and Hull write that,
1:
1948:Political history of Maryland
1275:Washington metropolitan area
334:Attorney General of Maryland
1270:Baltimore metropolitan area
800:Cox, Erin (March 4, 2022).
1974:
376:in the early onset of the
151:natives, and ordered five
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1953:Maryland General Assembly
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1059:Congressional delegations
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881:Federal impeachment trial
862:
48:Colonial-era impeachments
28:In the American state of
1511:Cockeysville-Hunt Valley
225:In 1682, Jacob Young, a
717:Maryland State Archives
713:Maryland Manual On-Line
687:Maryland State Archives
683:Maryland Manual On-Line
657:Maryland State Archives
653:Maryland Manual On-Line
627:Maryland State Archives
623:Maryland Manual On-Line
619:"Maryland Constitution"
598:Maryland State Archives
370:articles of impeachment
92:articles of impeachment
1938:Government of Maryland
1210:Atlantic coastal plain
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209:, inducting two other
139:Thomas Trueman in 1676
36:has existed since its
309:State impeachment law
1943:Province of Maryland
629:. September 28, 2022
207:justice of the peace
121:impeachment managers
58:Province of Maryland
42:Province of Maryland
1908:Maryland portal
1476:Baltimore Highlands
1205:Allegheny Mountains
1106:Tourist attractions
873:Federal impeachment
807:The Washington Post
745:Frederick News-Post
395:mobile applications
330:lieutenant governor
185:Charles James, the
177:for good behavior.
81:English impeachment
1636:Montgomery Village
1235:Delmarva Peninsula
1064:Congressional maps
352:In February 2022,
315:House of Delegates
32:, the practice of
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1591:Hillcrest Heights
1255:Southern Maryland
1225:Cumberland Valley
1127:African Americans
978:
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378:COVID-19 pandemic
253:oyer and terminer
171:bill of attainder
129:impeachment trial
125:Thirteen Colonies
73:St. Mary's Parish
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719:. March 14, 2022
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541:(4): 653–667.
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1551:Ellicott City
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936:New Hampshire
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391:COVID-19 test
387:
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371:
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359:
355:
347:
345:
343:
342:Marvin Mandel
339:
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294:
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285:
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269:
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261:Henry Coursey
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249:special court
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149:Susquehannock
146:
145:Thomas Truman
138:
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132:
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126:
122:
117:
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107:
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97:
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86:
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77:Robert Morris
74:
70:
62:
59:
55:
47:
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
26:
23:
19:
1958:Maryland law
1899:
1859:Queen Anne's
1784:Anne Arundel
1711:Severna Park
1691:Reisterstown
1681:Randallstown
1651:Owings Mills
1631:Milford Mill
1626:Middle River
1601:Langley Park
1486:Camp Springs
1438:Port Deposit
1345:Gaithersburg
1330:College Park
1172:Homelessness
1152:Demographics
1024:
930:
813:September 8,
811:. Retrieved
805:
782:September 8,
780:. Retrieved
774:
751:September 9,
749:. Retrieved
743:
733:
723:September 9,
721:. Retrieved
712:
703:
693:September 9,
691:. Retrieved
682:
673:
663:September 9,
661:. Retrieved
652:
643:
633:September 9,
631:. Retrieved
622:
613:
603:September 9,
601:. Retrieved
592:
568:December 28,
566:. Retrieved
538:
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380:, including
351:
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184:
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142:
133:
118:
111:
89:
66:
38:colonial era
27:
25:
1701:St. Charles
1621:Lutherville
1586:Green Haven
1581:Glen Burnie
1496:Catonsville
1428:Leonardtown
1390:Westminster
1385:Takoma Park
1177:LGBT rights
1132:Agriculture
366:Larry Hogan
281:Piscattaway
114:upper house
100:Westminster
69:lower house
34:impeachment
1922:Categories
1879:Washington
1864:St. Mary's
1849:Montgomery
1819:Dorchester
1721:South Gate
1671:Pikesville
1666:Perry Hall
1576:Germantown
1541:Eldersburg
1516:Colesville
1471:Aspen Hill
1433:Ocean City
1355:Hagerstown
1335:Cumberland
1220:Chesapeake
1215:Blue Ridge
1079:Newspapers
1074:Mass media
1054:Government
914:California
596:(Thesis).
402:References
374:he imposed
358:Republican
52:See also:
16:See also:
1889:Worcester
1824:Frederick
1789:Baltimore
1756:White Oak
1661:Parkville
1656:Oxon Hill
1611:Lansdowne
1380:Salisbury
1375:Rockville
1350:Greenbelt
1340:Frederick
1325:Cambridge
1320:Brunswick
1310:Baltimore
1305:Annapolis
1260:Tidewater
1162:Education
1029:(capital)
1026:Annapolis
958:Wisconsin
555:0043-5597
386:essential
273:drunkenly
247:before a
211:witnesses
166:testimony
98:Brought "
1884:Wicomico
1869:Somerset
1799:Caroline
1779:Allegany
1771:Counties
1761:Woodlawn
1731:Timonium
1726:Suitland
1696:Rosedale
1616:Lochearn
1596:Landover
1566:Ferndale
1561:Fairland
1546:Elkridge
1536:Edgewood
1521:Columbia
1481:Bethesda
1300:Aberdeen
1245:Piedmont
1182:Politics
1167:Gun laws
1122:Abortion
1016:Maryland
941:New York
931:Maryland
919:Illinois
338:sheriffs
326:governor
227:Delaware
143:In 1676
30:Maryland
1834:Harford
1829:Garrett
1814:Charles
1804:Carroll
1794:Calvert
1746:Waldorf
1686:Redland
1676:Potomac
1641:Odenton
1531:Dundalk
1526:Crofton
1506:Clinton
1501:Chillum
1461:Arbutus
1408:Bel Air
1197:Regions
1157:Economy
1142:Culture
1115:Society
1101:Symbols
1069:History
953:Vermont
904:Alabama
563:1923209
354:Dan Cox
299:counsel
265:testify
245:treason
199:perjury
195:battery
187:sheriff
153:sachems
40:as the
1874:Talbot
1839:Howard
1741:Urbana
1736:Towson
1706:Severn
1606:Lanham
1491:Carney
1466:Arnold
1423:Elkton
1418:Easton
1413:Denton
1365:Laurel
1292:Cities
1187:Sports
1096:People
1049:Cities
1036:Topics
909:Alaska
561:
553:
456:
319:Senate
71:) and
1809:Cecil
1646:Olney
1556:Essex
1400:Towns
1315:Bowie
1147:Crime
1084:Radio
1044:Index
1012:State
967:Other
559:JSTOR
529:(PDF)
257:white
85:libel
1844:Kent
1453:CDPs
815:2023
784:2023
753:2023
725:2023
695:2023
665:2023
635:2023
605:2023
570:2022
551:ISSN
454:ISBN
356:, a
328:and
291:plea
197:and
175:bond
90:The
56:and
20:and
1014:of
543:doi
293:."
251:of
189:of
1924::
1089:TV
804:.
792:^
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761:^
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531:.
468:^
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727:.
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667:.
637:.
607:.
572:.
545::
462:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.