356:
541:
36:
790:
133:
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paid special attention to the emperor and believed devotion to him and other political causes that furthered the
Japanese state was "the greatest virtue". However, in the 14th century, most religious figures and philosophers in Japan thought that excessive veneration of the state and the emperor
572:
of the time. Later in history, this was considered common practice by noble families, and the head members of the family, including that of the
Imperial Family, were not seen to be divine. Rather than establish sovereignty by the manner of claimed godhood over the nation however, the
982:
until the Horus Heresy when the
Emperor successfully defeated his fallen son, Horus Lupercal, but was mortally wounded and forced to be interned within the Golden Throne in order to survive.
978:, the Emperor of Mankind, immortal and perpetual ruler of the Imperium of Man, is worshiped as the deity of the state religion, although he waged a fierce campaign of strict
630:– the declaration with which the Emperor Shōwa, on New Year's Day 1946, (formally) declined claims of divinity, keeping with traditional family values as expressed in the
333:, his commands considered sacred edicts. A number of legendary figures preceding the proper imperial era of China also hold the honorific title of emperor, such as the
238:
707:(wheel turning monarch). In politics, it is viewed as the divine justification of a king's rule. The concept gained its elaborate manifestations in ancient
1256:
1048:
581:, instead dealing in affairs related with the gods than any major secular political event, with few cases scattered about history. It was not until the
1306:
1281:
1103:
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742:(innermost sanctum) of the temple often portrayed the king as a god, since the soul was thought to be united with the god referred to, in
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to a living emperor acknowledged his office and rule as divinely approved and constitutional: his
Principate should therefore demonstrate
221:
significance by his subjects, and serves as both head of state and a deity or head religious figure. This system of government combines
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383:
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119:
1053:
403:
Even before the rise of the
Caesars, there are traces of a "regal spirituality" in Roman society. In earliest Roman times the
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based its own legitimacy in the eyes of its Greek subjects on their association with, and incorporation into, the imperial
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and the
Imperial Family stood as the bond between the heavens and the Earth by claims of descending from the Goddess
446:, the "undefeated god", with whom the later emperors identified and of whom they considered themselves incarnations.
79:
417:(priestly order), while later on in history only a shadow of the primordial condition was left with the sacrificial
935:
46:
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665:
175:
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The cult spread over the whole Empire within a few decades, more strongly in the east than in the west. Emperor
487:
408:
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86:
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1289:
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522:. However, the concept of the imperial person as "sacred" carried over, in a Christianized form, into the
68:
1018:
368:
363:, holding scepter and orb (first half of 1st century AD). The imperial cult of ancient Rome identified
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developed, the
Imperial cult gradually developed more formally and constituted the worship of the
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732:
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1201:
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1008:
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330:
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178:" here is used to mean "worship", not in the modern pejorative sense. The cult may be one of
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975:
772:
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439:
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314:
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845:, claimed to be Christ's younger brother, and attempted to establish rule as a divine king.
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35:
748:(heaven). It is suggested that the cult was the fusion of Hinduism with native
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were, throughout ancient
Egyptian history, believed to be incarnations of the
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799:
Some examples of historic leaders who are often considered divine kings are:
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Javanese Kings during Hindu-Buddhist era (4th–15th centuries AD) such as
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he felt instead like being in the midst of "a whole assembly of Kings".
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kingdoms in the 15th century. The tradition of public reverence to the
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593:, that the Emperor began to be venerated along with a growing sense of
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435:
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1105:
God and King: The
Devaraja Cult in South Asian Art & Architecture
923:
in pre-Hispanic South
America; considered descendants of the sun god
743:
696:
631:
413:
388:
269:
736:(temple) to honor the soul of a deceased king. The image inside the
132:
1148:(5th reprint ed.). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. p. 83.
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658:
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tended to define their ancestor as the dominant or most important
556:, it was customary for every clan to claim descendance from gods (
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corresponds to the regal-sacred principle in early Roman history.
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as a god. This practice began at the start of the Empire under
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spoke of the initiatory mystery and power of Roman regality (
755:. In Java, the tradition of the divine king extended to the
1334:
Wives of the God-King: The Rituals of the Devadasis of Puri
723:
were erected to celebrate the king's divine rule on earth.
325:
and representative of heaven on earth, he was the ruler of
679:. It is simply described as Southeast Asian concept of
514:
of emperors was gradually abandoned after the Emperor
1077:Conlan, Thomas D. (2022). Spilling, Michael (ed.).
775:is the continuation of this ancient devaraja cult.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1331:
1238:. Kataragama.org. pp. 289–292. Archived from
1189:
507:for all things pertaining to the imperial person.
1305:Effland, Richard; Lerner, Shereen (Spring 1997).
467:, 19.5, the Greek ambassador declared amid the
239:List of people who have been considered deities
1196:(6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA:
699:, on Earth. The concept is closely related to
456:), inaccessible to the exoteric communality.
197:) or supranational identity in the case of a
162:of emperors (or rulers of another title) are
8:
367:and some members of their families with the
497:further reinforced it when he demanded the
186:figure, or one of national identity (e.g.,
1232:"The Kataragama God: Shrines and Legends"
1079:Samurai Weapons & Fighting Techniques
612:(Emperor Hirohito as he was known in the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1313:. Mesa Community College. Archived from
1288:. Mesa Community College. Archived from
1263:. Mesa Community College. Archived from
1144:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2
1081:. London: Amber Books Ltd. p. 113.
788:
691:of the supreme god, often attributed to
131:
1066:
1049:Nicolae Ceausescu's cult of personality
638:In the 16th, 19th, and 20th centuries,
1338:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
268:; thereby derived by being the son of
730:kingdom, it was customary to erect a
548:was the last divine Emperor of Japan.
7:
1102:Sengupta, Arputha Rani, ed. (2005).
1072:
1070:
486:, and became a prominent element of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1171:, Roy Publishers, 1967, pp. 17, 50.
942:of the Hawaiian Islands before 1839
779:Examples of divine kings in history
958:(generally after their death; see
411:figure and ranked higher than the
25:
1280:Effland, Richard (Spring 1997).
1230:Ameresekere, H. E. (July 1931).
1158:Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 183.
1054:North Korean cult of personality
34:
1282:"Definition of Divine kingship"
819:was ruled by a divine monarchy.
45:needs additional citations for
1255:Baptist, Maria (Spring 1997).
687:(king) as the living god, the
182:in the case of a newly arisen
1:
1311:Buried Cities and Lost Tribes
1286:Buried Cities and Lost Tribes
1261:Buried Cities and Lost Tribes
1108:. National Museum Institute.
142:were worshipped as god-kings.
646:would consign one to hell.
285:cult of Alexander the Great
272:, the afterlife deity, and
1394:
1141:Drs. R. Soekmono (1988) .
954:were declared gods by the
782:
715:, where monuments such as
606:a god who is a human being
533:
530:Ancient and Imperial Japan
503:and adopted the adjective
348:
294:
247:
236:
1198:Stanford University Press
1188:; Loa P. Traxler (2006).
683:. The concept viewed the
233:Historical imperial cults
217:who is held in a special
1307:"The World of God Kings"
1236:Ceylon Literary Register
381:. The official offer of
1330:Marglin, F. A. (1989).
994:American civil religion
917:of the Classical period
835:God Worshipping Society
276:, goddess of marriage.
1167:Wilfred Byford-Jones,
822:Ghanas (Kings) of the
796:
650:Ancient Southeast Asia
549:
454:adytum et initia regis
423:linked closely to the
400:
143:
27:Form of state religion
1368:Religious nationalism
1019:Divine right of kings
792:
543:
358:
237:Further information:
135:
640:Japanese nationalist
442:, was heroized into
407:was a spiritual and
329:, the bearer of the
54:improve this article
1242:on January 12, 2016
1014:Cult of personality
960:Roman imperial cult
518:started supporting
369:divinely sanctioned
351:Roman imperial cult
317:was considered the
199:multinational state
1169:Four Faces of Peru
1122:on 9 December 2012
969:Fictional examples
797:
550:
401:
144:
1186:Sharer, Robert J.
1044:Mandate of Heaven
1009:Buddhist kingship
866:up to the end of
864:Japanese emperors
843:Taiping Rebellion
604:– the concept of
331:Mandate of Heaven
305:Religion in China
281:Ptolemaic dynasty
227:absolute monarchy
130:
129:
122:
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16:(Redirected from
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1363:Deified monarchs
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1192:The Ancient Maya
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1118:. Archived from
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1093:
1092:
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1024:Emperor of Japan
976:Warhammer 40,000
841:, leader of the
773:King of Thailand
769:King of Cambodia
753:ancestor worship
524:Byzantine Empire
438:, the legendary
391:for traditional
327:all under heaven
301:Emperor of China
256:Ancient Egyptian
188:Ancient Egyptian
137:Ancient Egyptian
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1317:on July 5, 2008
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1292:on June 5, 2008
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1267:on June 5, 2008
1257:"The Rastafari"
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1224:Further reading
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817:Shilluk Kingdom
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608:applied to the
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440:founder of Rome
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952:Roman emperors
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534:Main article:
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488:Roman religion
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335:Yellow Emperor
311:Imperial China
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152:state religion
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980:state atheism
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628:Ningen-sengen
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616:), until the
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614:Western World
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610:Emperor Shōwa
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587:establishment
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389:pious respect
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319:Son of Heaven
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297:Son of Heaven
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244:Ancient Egypt
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150:is a form of
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148:imperial cult
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92:
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85:
81:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Imperial Cult
1333:
1319:. Retrieved
1315:the original
1310:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:the original
1285:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1260:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:the original
1235:
1191:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1126:14 September
1124:. Retrieved
1120:the original
1104:
1097:
1078:
1039:King-Emperor
956:Roman Senate
894:Khmer Empire
868:World War II
839:Hong Xiuquan
798:
794:Hong Xiuquan
750:Austronesian
744:
737:
731:
725:
705:Chakravartin
653:
643:philosophers
637:
622:World War II
605:
583:Meiji period
567:
557:
551:
536:State Shinto
520:Christianity
509:
504:
498:
492:
476:Roman Empire
473:
469:Roman Senate
464:
458:
453:
448:
429:
420:rex sacrorum
418:
412:
402:
395:deities and
382:
379:Roman Empire
372:
359:Augustus as
345:Ancient Rome
339:Jade Emperor
308:
278:
253:
210:
207:Roman Empire
154:in which an
147:
145:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1034:God complex
915:city-states
785:Sacred king
739:garbhagriha
703:concept of
689:incarnation
681:divine king
602:Arahitogami
595:nationalism
512:deification
500:proskynesis
371:authority (
211:divine king
180:personality
1378:Apotheosis
1357:Categories
1345:0195617312
1207:0804748179
1179:References
1115:8189233262
1029:Euhemerism
999:Apotheosis
940:Akua Aliʻi
921:Sapa Incas
896:, Cambodia
883:Singhasari
855:, King of
783:See also:
761:Singhasari
745:svargaloka
721:Angkor Wat
562:) and the
495:Diocletian
393:republican
374:auctoritas
295:See also:
164:worshipped
80:newspapers
1373:Theocracy
907:Americas
900:Srivijaya
892:Kings of
887:Majapahit
877:dynasty,
875:Sailendra
765:Majapahit
717:Prambanan
634:religion.
579:Amaterasu
409:patrician
377:) of the
223:theocracy
219:religious
184:Euhemerus
110:June 2021
1321:20 April
1296:20 April
1271:20 April
1246:20 April
1216:57577446
1146:, 2nd ed
987:See also
932:Oceania
807:Pharaohs
713:Cambodia
663:Buddhist
655:Devaraja
585:and the
546:Hirohito
544:Emperor
484:Augustus
461:Plutarch
444:Quirinus
427:orders.
425:plebeian
414:flamines
365:emperors
337:and the
259:pharaohs
225:with an
168:demigods
140:pharaohs
1004:Atenism
947:Europe
857:Taebong
853:Gung-ye
848:Korean
837:leader
803:Africa
728:Mataram
726:In the
685:monarch
673:royalty
670:deified
657:is the
589:of the
575:Emperor
559:ujigami
474:As the
436:Romulus
432:Numitor
315:Emperor
250:Pharaoh
215:monarch
201:(e.g.,
191:Pharaoh
172:deities
160:dynasty
156:emperor
94:scholar
1342:
1214:
1204:
1112:
1085:
879:Kediri
757:Kediri
701:Indian
697:Vishnu
632:Shinto
591:Empire
505:sacrum
465:Phyrro
384:cultus
321:. The
313:, the
303:, and
270:Osiris
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1061:Notes
950:Many
936:Kings
902:kings
831:Asia
733:candi
693:Shiva
659:Hindu
450:Varro
430:King
397:mores
323:scion
266:Horus
263:deity
213:is a
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