Knowledge (XXG)

In-Gall

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51: 362:-based Tuareg clans and worked by a permanent population, the workers at Teguidda return to In-Gall for the remainder of the year. Teguidda also lacks a stable oasis, which provides In-Gall with market gardens and date palm farming on a year-round basis. Prior to its decline in the 20th century — because of the smaller scale of the In-Gall salt markets as well as its easy access by road — In-Gall was once a destination of the 120: 58: 378:
In 2004, a Canadian corporation was granted a government license to mine for uranium in the area. Northwestern Mineral Ventures was awarded the Irhazer and Ingall concessions, each 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi) in size. Mines would reportedly be "open pit" strip mines. More than 100
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to the east each year, producing natural salt ponds. The population of In-Gall maintain and harvest from evaporation ponds here, sending labourers from the local clans to work the salt and transport it back to In-Gall at the end of the season. In-Gall is near enough that, unlike the oasis town of
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which indexed ancient burial mounds, trade routes, metal working, the first medieval Berber occupation sites, and the unique salt extraction economy which was fading after the construction of the paved highway in the 1970s. Prior to this they produced a single volume work:
337:. Of particular note have been thousands of pre-common era stone burial mounds which suggest a common culture in the area. Archeologists have also found in the In-Gall region many of the earliest mosques in Niger, dating back to early Berber occupations before 1000CE. 533:
Bernus, Suzanne, and Patrice Cressier. La région d'In Gall-Tegida N Tesemt (Niger): programme archéologique d'urgence, 1977–1981. IV, Azelik-Takadda et l'implantation sédentaire médiévale. Etudes nigériennes, 51. Niamey: Institut de recherches en sciences humaines,
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InGall, an oasis town in a semi-desert zone that forms the gateway to the Sahara. InGall is a conglomeration of mud houses, whose gardens, in contrast to the barren landscape in which the town is set, are filled with fruit trees and vegetable
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pastoralists to celebrate the end of the rainy season each September. During the festival, In-Gall's population grows to several thousand nomads, officials, and tourists. As of 2011, the commune had a total population of 47,170 people.
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area since 2004 to foreign firms from China (over 40%), Canada, and India. Since 2007, a Chinese mining consortium, whose license covers an area north of In-Gall, has carried out infrastructural work for new uranium mine at
524:. Du sel et des dattes: introduction à l'étude de la communauté d'In Gall et de Tegidda-n-tesemt. Etudes Nigeriennes, 31. Niamey: Centre Nigérien de Recherches en Sciences Humaines, (1972). 306:
The history, archaeology, and culture of the In-Gall area has been extensively studied, most notably by the French anthropologist and archaeologist couple, Suzanne and Edmond Bernus.
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During the Tuareg insurgency of the 1990s, In-Gall was a prime fortification of the Niger armed forces, and when peace was concluded in 2000 the old fort was reportedly abandoned.
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Archaeological evidence shows the area as a centre of prehistoric populations dating back some eight thousand year to when it sat in the midst of a now dry
729: 457: 606:(2, October 2007). Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le DĂ©veloppement Local, (LASDEL), Niamey. Retrieved 2009-03-16. 483: 581: 665: 599:(3, 2008). Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le DĂ©veloppement Local, (LASDEL), Niamey. Retrieved 2009-03-16. 82: 555: 644: 309:
In-Gall is not only a prominent Tuareg seasonal centre, to which certain clans return each year, but it has a history as a stop in the
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area north and west of In-Gall makes the region the northern destination for a cattle and camel herding
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thereafter, and became a French colonial fort in an often hostile region in the early 20th century.
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Samuel Decalo. Historical Dictionary of Niger. Scarecrow Press, London and New Jersey (1979).
262:(200 km to the northeast, 150 km from the Algerian border) or the provincial capital 1561: 1446: 738: 626: 610: 477: 154: 511:
While the Bernus have written several works on the area, the most notable is the five volume
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La Région d'In Gall—Tegidda n Tesemt (Niger): programme archéologique d'urgence, 1977–1981.
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salt caravans, in which Tuareg merchants transported salt from the markets here across the
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In-Gall is also famous to outsiders for its palaeontological digs, most notably the
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photographs of the InGall market taken by members of a French aid convoy in 2003.
266:(100 km to the east). In the 1970s, the main road was repaved to transport 2091: 2051: 1956: 1866: 1856: 1851: 1811: 1801: 1576: 1541: 1516: 1511: 1431: 1346: 1276: 1216: 1161: 1146: 1136: 919: 877: 857: 827: 822: 334: 670: 1861: 1806: 1791: 1621: 1581: 1551: 1501: 1476: 1466: 1356: 1266: 1221: 1211: 1176: 1086: 1081: 1033: 961: 897: 867: 278:. Since then, its population has dropped from almost 5,000 to less than 500. 239: 693: 680: 603: 596: 97: 84: 2081: 2071: 1951: 1781: 1766: 1756: 1591: 1586: 1556: 1546: 1531: 1436: 1426: 1361: 1351: 1341: 1331: 1286: 1261: 1241: 1236: 1186: 1181: 1111: 1071: 1038: 1028: 976: 892: 636: 1991: 1931: 1846: 1831: 1826: 1736: 1726: 1701: 1691: 1681: 1661: 1646: 1636: 1611: 1526: 1471: 1271: 1251: 1151: 1106: 1096: 1043: 1023: 998: 971: 904: 887: 604:
Observatoire de la décentralisation au Niger: N° 61 La commune d'In Gall
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Observatoire de la décentralisation au Niger: N° 73 La commune d'In Gall
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In-Gall had been a stop on the main roads between the capital of Niger,
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Jolijn Geels. Niger. Bradt London and Globe Pequot New York (2006).
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http://www.projectexploration.org/niger2000/feature_12_03_2000_e.htm
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description of the town during the Cure Salee festival of 2000.
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In-Gall is intimately linked with the nearby salt industry at
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river valley, fed by the AĂŻr Massif and flowing south to the
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ftp://perso.numericable.fr/DOSSIER_TCHINAGHEN_AOUT2008.pdf
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uranium exploration licenses have been granted in the
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cycle, which sees communities travel as far south as
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http://www.sahara-sahel.com/articles/avenit/ave.html
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in the 16th century, was an important centre of the
1054: 755: 189: 184: 176: 168: 163: 153: 143: 131: 113: 34: 723: 8: 222:) is a department, commune and town in the 730: 716: 708: 31: 238:, In-Gall is the gathering point for the 554:See the map on page 9 of this document: 39:In Gall, I-n-Gall, In-Gal, Ingal, Ingall 637:Michael Palin's Travel entry for Ingall 602:Abdoulkader Aghali, Salekh Rhousseini. 421: 183: 175: 172:61,171 km (23,618 sq mi) 162: 112: 77: 43: 544:http://www.stockinterview.com/nwt.html 482:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 475: 370:for agricultural and medicinal uses. 188: 167: 152: 142: 130: 7: 666:Photo of Tuareg men at Ingal Market 595:Abdoulkader Aghali, Koffi Kouassi. 437:Institut National de la Statistique 25: 313:, was an eastern outpost of the 118: 56: 49: 270:from the French-owned mines in 57: 1: 29:Place in Agadez Region, Niger 577:See The Dinosaurs of InGall 2174: 180:456 m (1,499 ft) 745: 584:28 September 2006 at the 358:where plots are owned by 78: 44: 647:8 September 2006 at the 430:"Annuaires_Statistiques" 400:during the dry months. 1387:El Allassane Maireyrey 622:. Accessed 2009-03-27. 297: 288: 347:Tegguiada In Tessoum 98:16.78611°N 6.93361°E 690: /  410:Jobaria tiguidensis 311:Trans-Saharan trade 94: /  70:Location of in Gall 190: â€˘ Total 169: â€˘ Total 149:In-Gall Department 2138:Communes of Niger 2125: 2124: 1447:Galma Koudawatche 739:Communes of Niger 197: 196: 103:16.78611; 6.93361 16:(Redirected from 2165: 2022:Tibiri (Doutchi) 1537:Guidan Amoumoune 1257:Damagaram Takaya 732: 725: 718: 709: 705: 704: 702: 701: 700: 695: 694:16.783°N 6.933°E 691: 688: 687: 686: 683: 620:Niger: Intou.org 588: 575: 569: 564: 558: 552: 546: 541: 535: 531: 525: 509: 503: 494: 488: 487: 481: 473: 471: 469: 464:on 12 April 2018 460:. 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Retrieved 424: 407: 398:Burkina Faso 394:transhumance 377: 344: 328: 308: 305: 298: 291: 289: 280: 253: 242:festival of 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 198: 26: 2143:Waystations 2052:Tondikandia 1857:Sabon-Machi 1852:Sabon-Guida 1577:Hawandawaki 1542:Guidan Sori 1512:Goudoumaria 1277:Dan-Kassari 1217:Birni Lalle 1147:Bader Goula 1137:Babankatami 878:Maine-Soroa 697: / 655:Other Links 335:Niger River 325:Pre-history 285:Description 101: / 2132:Categories 1862:Sae Saboua 1817:N'GuelbĂ©ly 1582:Ibrohamane 1562:Hamdallaye 1552:Guidimouni 1477:Garankedey 1467:Garagoumsa 1357:Dogonkiria 1267:Dan-Goulbi 1222:Bitinkodji 1212:Bibiyergou 1177:Banibangou 1087:Albarkaram 1082:Akoubounou 868:Madarounfa 416:References 351:AĂŻr Massif 276:waystation 240:Cure Salee 236:salt flats 185:Population 145:Department 89:06°56′01″E 86:16°47′10″N 2082:Tsernaoua 2072:Tounounga 1952:Takanamat 1782:Matankari 1767:Makalondi 1757:Maijirgiu 1592:Iferouane 1587:Ichirnawa 1557:Guilladje 1547:Guidiguir 1532:Gueskerou 1437:Gababedji 1427:Foulatari 1362:Doguerawa 1352:Dogo-Dogo 1342:Djiratawa 1332:Dioundiou 1312:Diagourou 1287:Dantchiao 1262:Dan-Barto 1242:Chetimari 1237:Chadakori 1187:Baoudetta 1182:Bankilare 1112:Attantane 1072:Adjekoria 1014:TillabĂ©ri 930:Commune I 747:Capital: 404:Dinosaurs 177:Elevation 1992:Tchadoua 1932:Tabotaki 1847:Roumboui 1832:Ourafane 1827:Ollelewa 1812:N'Gourti 1802:N'Dounga 1737:Kourteye 1727:Kourfeye 1702:Korahane 1692:Kolleram 1682:Kirtachi 1662:Karofane 1647:Karakara 1637:Kankandi 1612:Issawane 1527:Guecheme 1517:GoĂ»garam 1472:Garhanga 1272:Dan-Issa 1252:Dakoussa 1152:Bagaroua 1107:Anzourou 1097:Allakaye 999:Tessaoua 920:N'guigmi 905:Matameye 823:FilinguĂ© 645:Archived 582:Archived 478:cite web 293:patches. 208:I-n-Gall 2077:Tsaouni 2067:Toumour 2037:Tirmini 2002:Tebaram 1987:Tassara 1962:Tamaske 1942:Tagriss 1937:Tagazar 1927:Tabelot 1922:Tabalak 1912:Sokorbe 1877:Sambera 1872:Sakoira 1807:N'Gonga 1777:Malbaza 1762:Maiyara 1742:Koygolo 1717:Kornaka 1687:Kokorou 1642:Kantche 1617:Kablewa 1607:In-Gall 1567:Hamdara 1502:Gothèye 1497:Gorouol 1482:Gazaoua 1462:Gangara 1457:Gangara 1442:Gaffati 1407:Falenko 1392:Fabidji 1382:Dungass 1372:Doungou 1367:Doumega 1322:Dingazi 1292:Daouche 1157:Bambeye 1127:Azarori 1092:Alakoss 957:Ouallam 915:Mirriah 873:Magaria 863:Madaoua 682:16°47′N 501:, 2004. 390:Azawagh 381:Azawagh 331:Azawagh 302:History 268:uranium 248:Wodaabe 204:In Gall 200:In-Gall 159:In Gall 155:Commune 114:Country 64:In-Gall 36:In-Gall 18:In Gall 2158:Tuareg 2148:Sahara 2117:Zermou 2102:Yekoua 2097:Yaouri 2062:Torodi 2032:Tillia 2012:Tesker 2007:Tenhya 1997:Tchake 1967:Tamaya 1907:Sinder 1902:Simiri 1822:Namaro 1787:Mehana 1772:Malawa 1752:Libore 1732:Kourni 1712:Korgom 1672:Kieche 1627:Kalfou 1602:Inates 1597:Imanan 1507:Gouchi 1417:Falwel 1412:Falmey 1402:Fakara 1327:Dirkou 1302:Deoule 1297:Dargol 1282:Dannet 1247:Dabaga 1202:Bengou 1197:Bazaga 1192:Barmou 1172:Bangui 1122:Azagor 1117:Ayerou 1102:Allela 1077:Affala 1019:Zinder 1009:Tibiri 984:Tanout 967:Tahoua 925:Niamey 910:Mayahi 883:Maradi 843:Illela 803:Dakoro 768:Agadez 763:Abalak 749:Niamey 685:6°56′E 661:Ingall 629:  613:  386:Azelik 364:Azalai 360:Agadez 264:Agadez 256:Niamey 244:Tuareg 220:Ingall 212:In-Gal 202:(var. 193:51,903 133:Region 123:  2112:Youri 2107:Yelou 2087:Wacha 2027:Timia 2017:Tessa 1982:Tarka 1977:Tanda 1972:Tamou 1947:Tajae 1882:Sanam 1842:Ourno 1797:Mokko 1747:Kwaya 1722:KourĂ© 1697:Koona 1677:Kiota 1667:Kelle 1657:Karma 1522:Gouna 1487:Golle 1452:Gamou 1422:Farey 1397:Fachi 1377:Droum 1337:Djado 1307:Dessa 1232:Boune 1227:Bosso 1207:Bermo 1167:Bande 1132:Azeye 1062:Abala 853:Kollo 848:Keita 838:Goure 818:Dosso 808:Diffa 798:Bouza 783:Bilma 778:Arlit 773:Aguie 534:1991. 442:2 May 433:(PDF) 368:Sahel 356:Fachi 272:Arlit 260:Arlit 232:oasis 228:Niger 216:Ingal 126:Niger 2092:Wame 1957:Tama 1867:Safo 1432:Gabi 1347:Dogo 1162:Bana 1004:TĂ©ra 858:Loga 828:Gaya 627:ISBN 611:ISBN 520:and 484:link 470:2006 444:2013 246:and 234:and 164:Area 1792:Moa 1622:Kao 1034:III 962:Say 940:III 898:III 2134:: 1039:IV 1029:II 977:II 945:IV 935:II 893:II 480:}} 476:{{ 435:. 218:, 214:, 210:, 206:, 1044:V 1024:I 972:I 950:V 888:I 731:e 724:t 717:v 633:. 486:) 472:. 446:. 295:" 290:" 20:)

Index

In Gall
In-Gall is located in Niger
16°47′10″N 06°56′01″E / 16.78611°N 6.93361°E / 16.78611; 6.93361
Niger
Region
Agadez Region
Department
Commune
Agadez Region
Niger
oasis
salt flats
Cure Salee
Tuareg
Wodaabe
Niamey
Arlit
Agadez
uranium
Arlit
waystation
Trans-Saharan trade
Songhay Empire
AĂŻr Sultanate
Azawagh
Niger River
Tegguiada In Tessoum
AĂŻr Massif
Fachi
Agadez

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