672:
547:
559:
502:
530:
615:
650:
163:
518:
137:
635:
1139:
419:
seen in other caterpillars, with only two or three pairs at the posterior end instead of the usual five pairs. Equipped with appendages at both ends of the body, a caterpillar clasps with its front legs and draws up the hind end, then clasps with the hind end (prolegs) and reaches out for a new front
428:
are not inchworms but caterpillars of a different family. In many species of geometer moths, the inchworms are about 25 mm (1.0 in) long. They tend to be green, grey, or brownish and hide from predators by fading into the background or resembling twigs. When disturbed, many inchworms stand
369:, appear to measure the earth as they move along in a looping fashion. Geometridae is a very large family, containing around 23,000 described species; over 1400 species from six subfamilies are indigenous to North America alone. A well-known member is the
746:. As regards the Archiearinae, some species that were traditionally placed therein actually seem to belong to other subfamilies; altogether it seems that in a few cases, the prolegs which were originally lost in the ancestral geometer moths re-
671:
481:
420:
attachment, creating the impression that it measures its journey. The caterpillars are accordingly called "loopers", "spanworms", or "inchworms" after their characteristic looping gait. The
546:
1612:
558:
529:
590:
of the males are often feathered. They tend to blend into the background, often with intricate, wavy patterns on their wings. In some species, females have reduced wings (e.g.
485:
1534:. Vol. 1: Introduction. Archiearinae, Orthostixinae, Desmobathrinae, Alsophilinae, Geometrinae -- v. 4. Larentiinae II (Perizomini and Eupitheciini). Apollo Books.
501:
489:
487:
484:
483:
1403:Õunap, Erki; Viidalepp, Jaan; Saarma, Urmas (2008). "Systematic position of Lythriini revised: transferred from Larentiinae to Sterrhinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)".
488:
3692:
1019:– twelve species; holarctic, southern Andes and Tasmania, though the latter some seem to belong to the Ennominae, larvae have all the prolegs but most are reduced.
3782:
3731:
598:). Most are of moderate size, about 3 cm (1.2 in) in wingspan, but a range of sizes occur, from 10–50 mm (0.39–1.97 in), and a few (e.g.,
3833:
1600:
1543:. Vol. 4: Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 35: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Vol. 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Berlin & New York:
429:
erect and motionless on their prolegs, further increasing this resemblance. Some have humps or filaments, or cover themselves in plant material. They are
614:
3843:
3666:
486:
3705:
1541:
Handbuch der
Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom
649:
3848:
1648:
1245:
1609:
1449:"Characterisation of the Australian Nacophorini using adult morphology, and phylogeny of the Geometridae based on morphological characters"
698:
The placement of the example species follows a 1990 systematic treatment; it may be outdated. Subfamilies are tentatively sorted in a
1565:
3800:
3465:
482:
3710:
3718:
1508:
3575:
3542:
3460:
659:
517:
442:
433:
and are generally smooth. Some eat lichen, flowers, or pollen, while some, such as the
Hawaiian species of the genus
162:
3736:
3645:
3658:
1641:
31:
1621:
693:
634:
455:, it measured about 5 mm (0.20 in) and was estimated to be 44 million years old, dating back to the
3838:
3482:
1589:
1539:
Minet, J.; Scoble, M. J. (1999). "17: The
Drepanoid / Geometroid Assemblage". In Kristensen, N. P. (ed.).
3767:
3037:
1596:
1170:
1143:
994:
806:
3580:
3828:
3805:
3746:
3614:
3529:
1907:
1899:
1890:
1634:
1352:
1182:
894:
858:
788:
621:
239:
1483:
578:
and broad wings which are usually held flat with the hindwings visible. As such, they appear rather
3053:
2828:
2820:
678:
378:
1422:
1343:
1249:
922:
913:
815:
157:
3772:
3754:
3601:
2398:
1561:
1544:
1405:
1380:
1314:
1294:
1023:
958:
731:
703:
587:
582:-like, but in most respects they are typical moths. The majority fly at night. They possess a
451:
3697:
3520:
760:– about 5,800 species, includes the pug moths, mostly temperate, might be a distinct family.
3792:
3759:
3379:
2870:
2429:
1557:
1465:
1414:
1370:
1360:
1306:
1279:
940:
885:
840:
739:
600:
536:
327:
136:
3557:
2948:
2624:
2501:
2377:
2369:
2335:
2309:
2301:
1968:
1939:
1933:
1924:
1735:
1729:
1717:
1616:
1082:
1062:
595:
459:
439:, are carnivorous. Certain destructive inchworm species are referred to as "cankerworms".
382:
334:
1448:
1356:
1295:"Bad neighbors: urban habitats increase cankerworm damage to non-host understory plants"
766:– about 2,800 species, mostly tropical, might belong to same family as the Larentiinae.
3653:
3640:
3169:
2956:
2634:
2559:
2525:
2483:
2408:
2393:
2036:
1375:
1338:
1138:
1108:
1052:
1004:
834:
605:
425:
421:
268:
3822:
3322:
3230:
3177:
3156:
3148:
3019:
2899:
2891:
2611:
2493:
2488:
2478:
2257:
2249:
2236:
2228:
2199:
2160:
2028:
1973:
1960:
1951:
1876:
1868:
1859:
1821:
1815:
1803:
1418:
1190:
1048:
1035:
904:
824:
370:
303:
298:
94:
3534:
1426:
3606:
3547:
3416:
3384:
3366:
3314:
3246:
3206:
3006:
2998:
2964:
2849:
2841:
2662:
2652:
2639:
2593:
2585:
2572:
2564:
2551:
2509:
2470:
2460:
2437:
2416:
2385:
2348:
2340:
2327:
2207:
2155:
1701:
1219:
Robin McLeod, John; Balaban, Jane; Moisset, Beatriz; Entz, Chuck (April 27, 2009).
1124:
1058:
1016:
976:
967:
876:
743:
727:
707:
699:
446:
263:
255:
224:
340:, the moths and butterflies. Their scientific name derives from the Ancient Greek
3723:
3679:
3514:
3374:
3332:
3256:
3251:
3222:
3190:
3085:
3026:
2862:
2786:
2778:
2765:
2757:
2728:
2678:
2603:
2517:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2424:
2215:
2150:
2078:
2057:
2049:
1999:
1778:
1772:
1760:
1658:
1117:
1010:
867:
797:
779:
770:
757:
723:
719:
711:
591:
508:
412:
337:
286:
281:
214:
69:
38:
1365:
3440:
3348:
3340:
3293:
3277:
3264:
3238:
3214:
3198:
3119:
3106:
3098:
3077:
3069:
2985:
2977:
2920:
2912:
2878:
2736:
2670:
2657:
2629:
2616:
2538:
2165:
2107:
2012:
1626:
1469:
1310:
1178:
1159:
1155:
1073:
985:
949:
931:
849:
763:
735:
435:
430:
407:("geometer", "earth-measurer"). This refers to the means of locomotion of the
308:
114:
79:
53:
1318:
1095:– about 9,700 species, including some defoliating pests, global distribution
3627:
3392:
3298:
3135:
3127:
3045:
2720:
2707:
2691:
2543:
2533:
2319:
2186:
2178:
2134:
2020:
1689:
1677:
1275:
1092:
1066:
626:
579:
470:
464:
276:
194:
174:
150:
119:
63:
3505:
1384:
3588:
3567:
3499:
3285:
3061:
2807:
2799:
2744:
2699:
2356:
2274:
2142:
2007:
1990:
1843:
1695:
1339:"Geometrid caterpillar in Eocene Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)"
710:
were held to be the most ancient of the geometer moth lineages, as their
583:
145:
109:
104:
89:
84:
74:
57:
17:
3306:
2938:
2930:
2647:
1456:
1131:
751:
747:
575:
124:
99:
3684:
3593:
3356:
1683:
1671:
1061:– a few genera, defoliators of trees, might belong in the Ennominae,
715:
608:
at the base of the abdomen (these are absent in flightless females).
456:
416:
204:
184:
3671:
3476:
1272:
Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
1220:
3632:
1137:
408:
1580:
604:
species) reach an even larger size. They have distinctive paired
462:. It was described as the earliest evidence for the subfamily of
663:
323:
3480:
1840:
1800:
1757:
1714:
1630:
360:
351:
345:
3619:
1337:
Fischer, Thilo C.; Michalski, Artur; Hausmann, Axel (2019).
3080:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
1013:– emerald moths, about 2,300 named species, most tropical
37:"Geometridae" redirects here. For the mollusc family, see
3301:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
1055:" for genera that are difficult to place in other groups
540:
caterpillar dressed with pieces of flowers as camouflage
3288:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
734:
449:
was discovered by German scientists. Described under
393:
The name "Geometridae" ultimately derives from Latin
377:, which has been the subject of numerous studies in
3489:
3409:
3365:
3331:
3276:
3189:
3168:
3147:
3118:
3097:
3018:
2997:
2976:
2947:
2929:
2911:
2890:
2861:
2840:
2819:
2798:
2777:
2756:
2719:
2690:
2602:
2584:
2469:
2407:
2368:
2318:
2300:
2273:
2248:
2227:
2198:
2177:
2133:
2106:
2077:
2048:
1998:
1989:
1959:
1950:
1932:
1923:
1898:
1889:
1867:
1858:
1814:
1771:
1728:
722:are actually older, as indicated by their numerous
564:
Geometrid moth (Geometridae) "inchworm" caterpillar
552:
Geometrid moth (Geometridae) "inchworm" caterpillar
365:"measure" in reference to the way their larvae, or
2739:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
1332:
1330:
1328:
738:– or might even be considered a separate
30:"Inchworm" redirects here. For other uses, see
1484:"Hemitheini Bruand 1846 - Plazi TreatmentBank"
1214:
1212:
1210:
1642:
381:. Several other geometer moths are notorious
8:
1601:Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
402:
395:
3477:
3088:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
2297:
2293:
2130:
2103:
1995:
1956:
1929:
1895:
1864:
1855:
1851:
1837:
1811:
1797:
1768:
1754:
1725:
1711:
1649:
1635:
1627:
135:
45:
1554:Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue
1509:"A fossil Moth from Florissant, Colorado"
1374:
1364:
706:to the most advanced. Traditionally, the
3267:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
3064:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1206:
1164:Fischer, Michalski & Hausmann, 2019
610:
476:
3180:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
1221:"Family Geometridae - Geometrid Moths"
445:, the first geometrid caterpillar in
7:
3747:14c19fdc-3743-46e4-9622-5483173773e4
3659:1c997d6a-0ff8-45d0-9957-d3991884ba21
1293:Frank, Steven D. (1 December 2014).
415:, which lack the full complement of
730:data. They are either an extremely
3834:Taxa named by William Elford Leach
2702:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
2619:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
1610:Geometridae species in New Zealand
25:
2023:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
1151:Fossil Geometridae taxa include:
718:. However, it now seems that the
1419:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00327.x
1274:(in German), vol. 1 and 2,
1051:– in some treatments used as a "
670:
648:
633:
613:
557:
545:
528:
516:
500:
479:
291:
161:
3844:Extant Eocene first appearances
2039:(African primitive ghost moths)
1622:Geometridae species in Portugal
2343:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
1282:and Apollo Books, p. 1016
1:
3241:(Kentish glory and relatives)
2060:(New Zealand primitive moths)
1532:The Geometrid Moths of Europe
1246:"Lepidoptera Barcode of Life"
574:Many geometrids have slender
3849:Priabonian first appearances
3387:(oriental swallowtail moths)
2665:(planthopper parasite moths)
1507:Cockerell, T. D. A. (1922).
1447:Young, Catherine J. (2008).
3461:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
3048:(American moth-butterflies)
3009:(Old World butterfly-moths)
2988:(picture-winged leaf moths)
1738:(mandibulate archaic moths)
1552:Scoble, M. J., ed. (1999),
1351:(1): Article number 17201.
586:to link the wings, and the
3865:
2959:(tropical fruitworm moths)
2496:(case-bearers, case moths)
2260:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
2015:(swift moths, ghost moths)
1366:10.1038/s41598-019-53734-w
691:
361:
352:
346:
36:
29:
3456:
3437:
3209:(American silkworm moths)
3040:(swallowtail butterflies)
2710:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
2419:(false diamondback moths)
2330:(burrowing webworm moths)
2296:
1854:
1850:
1836:
1810:
1796:
1767:
1753:
1724:
1710:
1666:
1513:American Museum Novitates
1470:10.11646/zootaxa.1736.1.1
1311:10.1007/s11252-014-0368-x
901:(formerly in Larentiinae)
468:, particularly the tribe
403:
252:
247:
158:Scientific classification
156:
143:
134:
48:
32:Inchworm (disambiguation)
3201:(Australian lappet moth)
2210:(pigmy, or midget moths)
1591:Anacamptodes pergracilis
702:sequence, from the most
694:List of geometrid genera
507:A geometrid caterpillar
344:γεω (derivative form of
2031:(miniature ghost moths)
1040:Leucobrephos brephoides
972:Scopula marginepunctata
918:Rhodostrophia vibicaria
775:Cyclophora albipunctata
682:, wingless adult female
3410:Superfamily unassigned
2831:(bristle-legged moths)
2380:(ribbed cocoon makers)
2189:(Andean endemic moths)
2145:(fairy longhorn moths)
1270:Scoble, M. J. (1999),
1148:
523:Caterpillar locomotion
495:Locomotion of a looper
396:
3768:Paleobiology Database
3317:(prominents, kittens)
2852:(fringe-tufted moths)
1908:Acanthopteroctetidae
1900:Acanthopteroctetoidea
1597:University of Florida
1530:Hausmann, A. (2001).
1141:
807:Small fan-footed wave
3654:Fauna Europaea (new)
2829:Schreckensteiniidae
2821:Schreckensteinioidea
2810:(false burnet moths)
2681:(slug, or cup moths)
2239:(Gondwanaland moths)
2218:(white eyecap moths)
1976:(archaic bell moths)
1581:"Family Geometridae"
1183:Florissant Formation
1171:Hydriomena? protrita
1144:Hydriomena? protrita
1078:Alsophila aescularia
895:Purple-barred yellow
859:Purple-bordered gold
793:Cyclophora punctaria
714:have well-developed
622:Selenia tetralunaria
3159:(sack bearer moths)
2881:(false plume moths)
2873:(many-plumed moths)
2731:(little bear moths)
2673:(slug caterpillars)
2528:(long-horned moths)
2512:(grass-miner moths)
1910:(archaic sun moths)
1488:treatment.plazi.org
1357:2019NatSR...917201F
1106:Geometridae genera
1087:Alsophila pometaria
936:Scopula floslactata
909:Rhodometra sacraria
679:Alsophila pometaria
656:Tetracis cachexiata
379:population genetics
1615:2015-11-07 at the
1604:Featured Creatures
1344:Scientific Reports
1195:Clark et al., 1971
1149:
995:Eastern blood-vein
981:Chiasmia defixaria
923:Middle lace border
914:Common pink-barred
899:Lythria cruentaria
816:Single-dotted wave
356:"the earth"), and
3816:
3815:
3755:Open Tree of Life
3483:Taxon identifiers
3474:
3473:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3401:
3388:
3352:
3344:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3289:
3268:
3260:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3181:
3160:
3139:
3131:
3110:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3031:
3010:
2989:
2968:
2967:(fruitworm moths)
2960:
2903:
2882:
2874:
2853:
2832:
2811:
2790:
2769:
2768:(metalmark moths)
2748:
2747:(clearwing moths)
2740:
2732:
2711:
2703:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2643:
2620:
2576:
2568:
2555:
2554:(concealer moths)
2547:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2456:
2433:
2430:Glyphipterigidae
2420:
2399:Roeslerstammiidae
2389:
2381:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2331:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2240:
2219:
2211:
2190:
2169:
2146:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2016:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1946:
1945:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1885:
1884:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1816:Heterobathmioidea
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1545:Walter de Gruyter
1406:Zoologica Scripta
1196:
1176:
1165:
1147:holotype forewing
1101:Eogeometer vadens
1044:
1032:
1028:Archiearis infans
999:Timandra griseata
959:Lesser cream wave
845:Idaea fuscovenosa
784:Cyclophora porata
490:
452:Eogeometer vadens
326:belonging to the
316:
315:
295:
273:
260:
243:
27:Family of insects
16:(Redirected from
3856:
3809:
3808:
3796:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3763:
3762:
3750:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3727:
3726:
3724:NBNSYS0000160054
3714:
3713:
3701:
3700:
3688:
3687:
3675:
3674:
3662:
3661:
3649:
3648:
3636:
3635:
3623:
3622:
3610:
3609:
3597:
3596:
3584:
3583:
3571:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3478:
3400:(geometer moths)
3399:
3386:
3380:Pseudobistonidae
3350:
3342:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3287:
3266:
3258:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3179:
3158:
3137:
3129:
3108:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3030:
3023:
3008:
2987:
2966:
2958:
2901:
2880:
2872:
2851:
2830:
2809:
2788:
2767:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2709:
2701:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2641:
2618:
2574:
2566:
2553:
2545:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2502:Cosmopterigidae
2495:
2454:
2431:
2418:
2387:
2379:
2378:Bucculatricidae
2358:
2350:
2342:
2329:
2298:
2294:
2259:
2238:
2217:
2209:
2188:
2167:
2144:
2131:
2104:
2059:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2014:
1996:
1975:
1957:
1930:
1909:
1896:
1865:
1856:
1852:
1838:
1822:Heterobathmiidae
1812:
1798:
1780:
1769:
1755:
1737:
1736:Micropterigidae
1730:Micropterigoidea
1726:
1712:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1628:
1593:, cypress looper
1570:
1558:CSIRO Publishing
1548:
1535:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1453:
1444:
1431:
1430:
1400:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1368:
1334:
1323:
1322:
1305:(4): 1135–1145.
1299:Urban Ecosystems
1290:
1284:
1283:
1280:CSIRO Publishing
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1248:. Archived from
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1216:
1194:
1174:
1163:
1042:
1031:(Möschler, 1862)
1030:
963:Scopula immutata
954:Scopula immorata
945:Scopula imitaria
941:Small blood-vein
927:Scopula decorata
886:Small dusty wave
841:Dwarf cream wave
829:Idaea emarginata
674:
652:
637:
617:
561:
549:
537:Synchlora aerata
532:
520:
511:as a broken twig
504:
492:
491:
406:
405:
399:
375:Biston betularia
364:
363:
355:
354:
349:
348:
289:
271:
258:
238:
166:
165:
139:
129:
66:
52:Temporal range:
46:
21:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3804:
3799:
3791:
3789:
3781:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3753:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3730:
3722:
3717:
3709:
3704:
3696:
3691:
3683:
3678:
3670:
3665:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3639:
3631:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3587:
3579:
3574:
3566:
3564:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3466:Lists by region
3444:
3443:is not a clade.
3439:Note: division
3421:
3405:
3361:
3327:
3272:
3233:(Dryandra moth)
3225:(Brahmin moths)
3185:
3164:
3143:
3114:
3093:
3024:
3022:
3014:
2993:
2972:
2957:Copromorphidae
2949:Copromorphoidea
2943:
2925:
2907:
2886:
2857:
2836:
2815:
2794:
2789:(tortrix moths)
2773:
2752:
2715:
2686:
2642:(flannel moths)
2625:Himantopteridae
2598:
2580:
2526:Lecithoceridae
2520:(twirler moths)
2465:
2403:
2388:(Douglas moths)
2370:Gracillarioidea
2364:
2351:(bagworm moths)
2336:Arrhenophanidae
2314:
2302:Simaethistoidea
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2265:
2244:
2223:
2194:
2173:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2058:Mnesarchaeidae
2050:Mnesarchaeoidea
2044:
2037:Prototheoridae
1981:
1969:Aenigmatineidae
1942:
1934:Lophocoronoidea
1915:
1881:
1846:
1824:
1806:
1804:Heterobathmiina
1784:
1779:Agathiphagidae
1773:Agathiphagoidea
1763:
1741:
1720:
1706:
1662:
1655:
1617:Wayback Machine
1577:
1568:
1551:
1538:
1529:
1526:
1524:Further reading
1521:
1520:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1434:
1402:
1401:
1392:
1336:
1335:
1326:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1203:
1175:Cockerell, 1922
1083:Fall cankerworm
881:Idaea rusticata
854:Idaea inquinata
820:Idaea dimidiata
696:
690:
683:
675:
666:
653:
644:
638:
629:
618:
606:tympanal organs
596:fall cankerworm
572:
565:
562:
553:
550:
541:
533:
524:
521:
512:
505:
496:
493:
480:
391:
237:
160:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
61:
60:
50:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3862:
3860:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3839:Eocene insects
3836:
3831:
3821:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3797:
3787:
3777:
3764:
3751:
3741:
3728:
3715:
3702:
3689:
3676:
3663:
3650:
3641:Fauna Europaea
3637:
3624:
3611:
3598:
3585:
3572:
3562:
3552:
3539:
3526:
3511:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3390:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3346:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3282:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:Lasiocampidae
3174:
3172:
3170:Lasiocampoidea
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3124:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3034:
3032:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2913:Whalleyanoidea
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:Pterophoridae
2896:
2894:
2892:Pterophoroidea
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:Megalopygidae
2637:
2635:Somabrachyidae
2632:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2575:(timber moths)
2570:
2567:(flower moths)
2562:
2560:Pterolonchidae
2557:
2549:
2546:(mompha moths)
2541:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2504:(cosmet moths)
2499:
2494:Coleophoridae
2491:
2486:
2484:Batrachedridae
2481:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2455:(ermine moths)
2453:Yponomeutidae
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2413:
2411:
2409:Yponomeutoidea
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2394:Gracillariidae
2391:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2359:(fungus moths)
2354:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2310:Simaethistidae
2306:
2304:
2291:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:Palaephatidae
2233:
2231:
2229:Palaephatoidea
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2128:
2101:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2029:Palaeosetidae
2026:
2018:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:Neopseustidae
1971:
1965:
1963:
1961:Neopseustoidea
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:Lophocoronidae
1938:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1869:Eriocranioidea
1862:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1775:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1607:
1587:
1576:
1575:External links
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1549:
1536:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1499:
1475:
1432:
1413:(4): 405–413.
1390:
1324:
1285:
1262:
1237:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1186:
1166:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1109:incertae sedis
1104:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1053:wastebin taxon
1046:
1045:
1043:(Walker, 1857)
1033:
1007:– pantropical
1005:Desmobathrinae
1002:
1001:
992:
990:Timandra comae
983:
974:
965:
956:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
902:
892:
883:
874:
865:
863:Idaea muricata
856:
847:
838:
835:Idaea filicata
831:
822:
813:
811:Idaea biselata
804:
802:Idaea aversata
795:
789:Maiden's blush
786:
777:
724:plesiomorphies
692:Main article:
689:
686:
685:
684:
676:
669:
667:
654:
647:
645:
639:
632:
630:
619:
612:
571:
568:
567:
566:
563:
556:
554:
551:
544:
542:
534:
527:
525:
522:
515:
513:
506:
499:
497:
494:
478:
426:soybean looper
422:cabbage looper
390:
387:
333:of the insect
320:geometer moths
314:
313:
312:
311:
306:
301:
296:
284:
279:
274:
269:Desmobathrinae
266:
261:
250:
249:
245:
244:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
154:
153:
141:
140:
132:
131:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
67:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3861:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3442:
3436:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3385:Epicopeiidae
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3323:Oenosandridae
3321:
3319:
3315:Notodontidae
3313:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:Apatelodidae
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3157:Mimallonidae
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3149:Mimallonoidea
3146:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3130:(snout moths)
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:Papilionidae
3036:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3020:Papilionoidea
3017:
3011:
3007:Callidulidae
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2999:Calliduloidea
2996:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2965:Carposinidae
2963:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2921:Whalleyanidae
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2902:(plume moths)
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2850:Epermeniidae
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2842:Epermenioidea
2839:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2708:Dudgeoneidae
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2663:Epipyropidae
2661:
2659:
2658:Cyclotornidae
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2612:Heterogynidae
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2586:Galacticoidea
2583:
2577:
2573:Xyloryctidae
2571:
2569:
2565:Scythrididae
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2552:Oecophoridae
2550:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2539:Metachandidae
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:Elachistidae
2508:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2489:Blastobasidae
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Autostichidae
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2432:(sedge moths)
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2417:Acrolepiidae
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2386:Douglasiidae
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2341:Eriocottidae
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2328:Acrolophidae
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2272:
2262:
2258:Tischeriidae
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2250:Tischerioidea
2247:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:Nepticulidae
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2200:Nepticuloidea
2197:
2191:
2187:Andesianidae
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2179:Andesianoidea
2176:
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2168:(yucca moths)
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2161:Incurvariidae
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1891:Acanthoctesia
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1781:(kauri moths)
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1069:
1068:
1064:
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1049:Oenochrominae
1041:
1037:
1036:Scarce infant
1034:
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890:Idaea seriata
887:
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872:Idaea ochrata
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825:Small scallop
823:
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625:species from
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371:peppered moth
368:
359:
343:
339:
336:
332:
329:
325:
321:
310:
307:
305:
304:Orthostixinae
302:
300:
299:Oenochrominae
297:
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257:
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221:Superfamily:
220:
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149:species from
148:
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121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
65:
59:
55:
49:Geometer moth
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3490:
3417:Millieriidae
3398:Geometridae
3397:
3367:Geometroidea
3351:(gold moths)
3309:(tuft moths)
3259:(saturniids)
3257:Saturniidae
3247:Eupterotidae
3231:Carthaeidae
3223:Brahmaeidae
3217:(silk moths)
3138:(grass moth)
3109:(teak moths)
3086:Nymphalidae
3072:(metalmarks)
3054:Hesperiidae
2787:Tortricidae
2779:Tortricoidea
2766:Choreutidae
2758:Choreutoidea
2729:Brachodidae
2679:Limacodidae
2653:Anomoeotidae
2594:Galacticidae
2518:Gelechiidae
2471:Gelechioidea
2461:Ypsolophidae
2438:Heliodinidae
2216:Opostegidae
2156:Heliozelidae
2008:Anomosetidae
1952:Neopseustina
1702:Holometabola
1700:Superorder:
1694:Infraclass:
1603:
1590:
1584:
1553:
1540:
1531:
1512:
1502:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1461:
1455:
1410:
1404:
1348:
1342:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1271:
1265:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:the original
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:
1189:
1169:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1130:
1125:Homoeoctenia
1123:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1091:
1086:
1077:
1065:
1059:Alsophilinae
1057:
1047:
1039:
1027:
1017:Archiearinae
1015:
1009:
1003:
998:
989:
980:
977:Zachera moth
971:
968:Mullein wave
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
917:
908:
898:
889:
880:
877:Least carpet
871:
862:
853:
844:
833:
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
783:
774:
762:
756:
744:Geometroidea
728:DNA sequence
712:caterpillars
708:Archiearinae
700:phylogenetic
697:
677:
655:
640:
620:
599:
573:
535:
469:
463:
450:
447:Baltic amber
441:
434:
413:caterpillars
394:
392:
389:Caterpillars
374:
366:
357:
341:
330:
319:
317:
264:Archiearinae
256:Alsophilinae
248:Subfamilies
234:
225:Geometroidea
144:
43:
3829:Geometridae
3783:geometridae
3680:iNaturalist
3558:Geometridae
3548:Geometridae
3535:Geometridae
3521:Geometridae
3515:Wikispecies
3491:Geometridae
3375:Sematuridae
3349:Cimeliidae
3343:(hook-tips)
3341:Drepanidae
3333:Drepanoidea
3265:Sphingidae
3252:Phiditiidae
3239:Endromidae
3215:Bombycidae
3199:Anthelidae
3191:Bombycoidea
3107:Hyblaeidae
3099:Hyblaeoidea
3078:Lycaenidae
3070:Riodinidae
3027:butterflies
2986:Thyrididae
2978:Thyridoidea
2879:Tineodidae
2871:Alucitidae
2863:Alucitoidea
2737:Castniidae
2671:Dalceridae
2617:Zygaenidae
2604:Zygaenoidea
2448:Plutellidae
2443:Lyonetiidae
2425:Bedelliidae
2166:Prodoxidae
2151:Cecidosidae
2013:Hepialidae
2000:Hepialoidea
1718:Zeugloptera
1659:Lepidoptera
1585:Insecta.pro
1185:, Colorado)
1118:Dichromodes
1011:Geometrinae
868:Bright wave
798:Riband wave
780:False mocha
771:Birch mocha
758:Larentiinae
720:Larentiinae
688:Systematics
592:winter moth
509:camouflaged
401:from Greek
338:Lepidoptera
331:Geometridae
287:Larentiinae
282:Geometrinae
235:Geometridae
215:Lepidoptera
39:Geomitridae
3823:Categories
3441:Monotrysia
3299:Noctuidae
3294:Euteliidae
3278:Noctuoidea
3136:Crambidae
3128:Pyralidae
3120:Pyraloidea
3056:(skippers)
3046:Hedylidae
2630:Lacturidae
2544:Momphidae
2349:Psychidae
1860:Dacnonypha
1688:Subclass:
1678:Arthropoda
1515:(34): 1–2.
1493:2024-02-04
1256:2017-07-11
1201:References
1179:Priabonian
1160:Eogeometer
1074:March moth
986:Blood-vein
950:Lewes wave
932:Cream wave
850:Rusty wave
764:Sterrhinae
736:Sterrhinae
436:Eupithecia
431:gregarious
309:Sterrhinae
272:(disputed)
259:(disputed)
195:Arthropoda
62:35–0
54:Priabonian
3393:Uraniidae
3286:Erebidae
3062:Pieridae
2808:Urodidae
2800:Urodoidea
2745:Sesiidae
2721:Sesioidea
2700:Cossidae
2692:Cossoidea
2534:Lypusidae
2357:Tineidae
2320:Tineoidea
2143:Adelidae
2135:Adeloidea
1842:Suborder
1802:Suborder
1761:Aglossata
1759:Suborder
1716:Suborder
1690:Pterygota
1670:Kingdom:
1464:: 1–141.
1319:1573-1642
1276:Stenstrup
1112:include:
1093:Ennominae
1067:Boarmiini
627:Ennominae
601:Dysphania
580:butterfly
471:Boarmiini
465:Ennominae
404:γεωμέτρης
367:inchworms
290:(but see
277:Ennominae
181:Kingdom:
175:Eukaryota
151:Ennominae
3589:BugGuide
3565:BioLib:
3555:BAMONA:
3500:Wikidata
3307:Nolidae
2931:Immoidea
1991:Exoporia
1844:Glossata
1696:Neoptera
1676:Phylum:
1672:Animalia
1661:families
1613:Archived
1427:85800529
1385:31748672
1230:April 2,
1225:BugGuide
660:US state
588:antennae
584:frenulum
576:abdomens
397:geometra
231:Family:
191:Phylum:
185:Animalia
171:Domain:
146:Chiasmia
18:Inchworm
2939:Immidae
2648:Aididae
1684:Insecta
1682:Class:
1657:Extant
1606:website
1595:on the
1457:Zootaxa
1376:6868187
1353:Bibcode
1132:Nearcha
752:atavism
748:evolved
716:prolegs
658:in the
643:species
641:Scopula
443:In 2019
417:prolegs
211:Order:
205:Insecta
201:Class:
3806:989029
3793:414772
3790:uBio:
3773:136330
3760:968124
3744:NZOR:
3711:117556
3698:100263
3633:1GEOMF
3506:Q45559
3357:Doidae
1564:
1425:
1383:
1373:
1317:
1024:Infant
905:Vestal
750:as an
740:family
570:Adults
457:Eocene
409:larvae
362:μέτρον
358:metron
328:family
242:, 1815
58:Recent
3801:WoRMS
3780:PPE:
3737:82593
3693:IRMNG
3685:49530
3607:6247J
3568:17266
1452:(PDF)
1423:S2CID
1063:tribe
732:basal
704:basal
460:epoch
383:pests
335:order
324:moths
240:Leach
3732:NCBI
3706:ITIS
3672:6950
3667:GBIF
3646:7520
3628:EPPO
3576:BOLD
1562:ISBN
1462:1736
1381:PMID
1315:ISSN
1232:2011
726:and
664:Ohio
594:and
424:and
353:γαῖα
322:are
318:The
292:text
70:PreꞒ
3719:NBN
3620:827
3615:EoL
3602:CoL
3594:188
3581:525
3543:AFD
3530:ADW
1583:at
1466:doi
1415:doi
1371:PMC
1361:doi
1307:doi
742:of
662:of
411:or
350:or
342:geo
56:to
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3803::
3770::
3757::
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3695::
3682::
3669::
3656::
3643::
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3604::
3591::
3578::
3545::
3532::
3517::
3502::
1599:/
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1556:,
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1486:.
1460:.
1454:.
1435:^
1421:.
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347:γῆ
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1188:†
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1168:†
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125:N
115:K
110:J
105:T
100:P
95:C
90:D
85:S
80:O
75:Ꞓ
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
