100:
92:
594:
27:
293:
SuperMemo 99 made the first step towards efficient reading of electronic articles by introducing reading lists and the first primitive reading tools: extracts and clozes. Reading lists are prioritized lists of articles to read. Extracts make it possible to split larger articles into smaller portions.
232:
This flashcard creation process is semi-automated – the reader chooses which material to learn and edits the precise wording of the questions. In contrast, the software assists in prioritizing articles and making the flashcards and does the scheduling: it calculates the time for the reader to review
129:
out of electronic articles. "Incremental reading" means "reading in portions". Instead of a linear reading of articles one at a time, the method works by keeping a large list of electronic articles or books (often dozens or hundreds) and reading parts of several articles in each session. The user
225:. This means that extracts such as "George Washington was the first U.S. president" must ultimately be converted into questions such as "Who was the first U.S. president?" (Answer: George Washington), or "Who was George Washington?" (Answer: the first U.S. president), etc., or
251:
Without spaced repetition, the reader would quickly get lost in the glut of information when studying dozens of subjects in parallel. However, spaced repetition makes it possible to retain traces of the processed material in memory.
217:
With time and reviews, articles are supposed to be gradually converted into extracts and extracts into flashcards. Hence, incremental reading is a method of breaking down information from electronic articles into sets of flashcards.
194:: incremental image learning, incremental video, incremental audio, incremental mail processing, incremental problem solving, and incremental writing. "Incremental learning" is the term Wozniak uses to refer to those concepts.
130:
prioritizes articles in the reading list. During reading, key points of articles are broken up into flashcards, which are then learned and reviewed over an extended period with the help of a
145:(the finding that long-term memory is increased when some of the learning periods are devoted to retrieving the to-be-remembered information through testing). It targets people trying to
60:
202:
When reading an electronic article, the user extracts the most important parts (similar to underlining or highlighting a paper article) and gradually distills them into
214:
are often used in incremental reading, as they are easy to create from the text. Both extracts and flashcards are scheduled independently from the original article.
525:
99:
173:. Later SuperMemo programmes subsequently enhanced the tools and techniques involved, such as webpage imports, material overload handling, etc.
165:, providing the essential tools of the method: a prioritized reading list and the possibility to extract portions of articles and to create
91:
46:
78:
351:
518:
444:
494:
721:
470:
191:
158:
244:, which depends on the user, their mood, the article, etc. This allows for a substantial gain in attention, according to
56:
788:
511:
245:
42:
37:
783:
374:
187:
add-on for incremental reading was later published in 2011; for Anki 2.0 and 2.1, another add-on is available.
318:
SuperMemo 2000 greatly increased the efficiency of reading by introducing the concept of incremental reading.
422:
593:
294:
Clozes make it possible to convert short sentences into a question-answer format using cloze deletions.
330:
306:
281:
237:
algorithm. This means that all processed pieces of information are presented at increasing intervals.
670:
737:
706:
261:
778:
716:
645:
548:
534:
234:
146:
131:
563:
141:(the phenomenon whereby learning is greater when studying is spread out over time) and the
752:
747:
742:
630:
610:
211:
184:
104:
602:
578:
558:
553:
241:
226:
142:
138:
108:
772:
711:
650:
222:
207:
448:
757:
625:
26:
203:
190:
Incremental reading was the first of a series of related concepts invented by
166:
149:
a large amount of information, particularly if it comes from various sources.
685:
675:
620:
568:
400:
170:
162:
126:
206:. Flashcards are information presented in a question-answer format (making
660:
640:
635:
169:. The term "incremental reading" itself appeared the following year with
118:
229:
such as " was the first U.S. president", "George
Washington was ", etc.
680:
665:
655:
122:
378:
137:
This use of flashcards at later stages of the process is based on the
615:
573:
161:. He implemented the first version of incremental reading in 1999 in
157:
The method itself is often credited to the Polish software developer
503:
690:
177:
98:
90:
507:
107:
add-on: extracting a portion out of an article and creating a
20:
240:
Individual articles are read in portions proportional to the
95:
Introduction to incremental reading by SuperMemo 15 Freeware
497:
Use
Incremental Reading to Memorize Large Batches of Data
176:
Limited incremental reading support for the text editor
52:
352:"Emacs Wiki: recent changes to "Incremental Reading""
730:
699:
601:
541:
221:Contrary to extracts, flashcards are reviewed with
41:, potentially preventing the article from being
471:"Spaced Repetition: Remembering What You Learn"
445:"Advantages of incremental reading: attention"
519:
8:
526:
512:
504:
61:reliable, independent, third-party sources
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
55:by replacing them with more appropriate
273:
233:each chunk according to the rules of a
38:too closely associated with the subject
7:
423:"Components of incremental learning"
16:Software-assisted learning technique
117:is a software-assisted method for
103:Using incremental reading with an
14:
125:, which involves the creation of
592:
331:"History of incremental reading"
307:"History of incremental reading"
282:"History of incremental reading"
36:may rely excessively on sources
25:
478:Kwantlen Polytechnic University
373:Frank Raiser (March 15, 2011).
121:and retaining information from
1:
401:"Incremental Reading v4.9.13"
403:. AnkiWeb. October 13, 2018
805:
375:"Anki Incremental reading"
590:
111:
96:
102:
94:
451:on December 13, 2017
381:on December 31, 2017
584:Incremental reading
480:. February 2, 2023.
354:. February 25, 2007
115:Incremental reading
738:Hermann Ebbinghaus
707:Hermann Ebbinghaus
262:Incremental search
180:appeared in 2007.
112:
97:
789:Reading (process)
766:
765:
717:Sebastian Leitner
646:eSpindle Learning
549:Spaced repetition
535:Spaced repetition
235:spaced repetition
132:spaced repetition
89:
88:
81:
796:
784:Learning methods
596:
564:Forgetting curve
528:
521:
514:
505:
499:(lifehacker.com)
482:
481:
475:
467:
461:
460:
458:
456:
447:. Archived from
440:
434:
433:
431:
429:
419:
413:
412:
410:
408:
397:
391:
390:
388:
386:
377:. Archived from
370:
364:
363:
361:
359:
348:
342:
341:
339:
337:
327:
321:
320:
315:
313:
303:
297:
296:
290:
288:
278:
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
29:
21:
804:
803:
799:
798:
797:
795:
794:
793:
769:
768:
767:
762:
753:Cecil Alec Mace
748:Robert A. Bjork
743:Thomas Landauer
726:
695:
597:
588:
537:
532:
491:
486:
485:
473:
469:
468:
464:
454:
452:
443:Piotr Wozniak.
442:
441:
437:
427:
425:
421:
420:
416:
406:
404:
399:
398:
394:
384:
382:
372:
371:
367:
357:
355:
350:
349:
345:
335:
333:
329:
328:
324:
311:
309:
305:
304:
300:
286:
284:
280:
279:
275:
270:
258:
227:cloze deletions
212:Cloze deletions
200:
167:cloze deletions
155:
85:
74:
68:
65:
50:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
802:
800:
792:
791:
786:
781:
771:
770:
764:
763:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
734:
732:
728:
727:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
703:
701:
697:
696:
694:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
607:
605:
603:Study software
599:
598:
591:
589:
587:
586:
581:
579:Leitner system
576:
571:
566:
561:
559:Testing effect
556:
554:Spacing effect
551:
545:
543:
539:
538:
533:
531:
530:
523:
516:
508:
502:
501:
490:
489:External links
487:
484:
483:
462:
435:
414:
392:
365:
343:
322:
298:
272:
271:
269:
266:
265:
264:
257:
254:
242:attention span
199:
196:
171:SuperMemo 2000
154:
151:
147:learn for life
143:testing effect
139:spacing effect
109:cloze deletion
87:
86:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
801:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
774:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
733:
729:
723:
722:Piotr Woźniak
720:
718:
715:
713:
712:Paul Pimsleur
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
700:Practitioners
698:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Hello English
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
606:
604:
600:
595:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
544:
540:
536:
529:
524:
522:
517:
515:
510:
509:
506:
500:
498:
495:Kevin Purdy,
493:
492:
488:
479:
472:
466:
463:
450:
446:
439:
436:
424:
418:
415:
402:
396:
393:
380:
376:
369:
366:
353:
347:
344:
332:
326:
323:
319:
308:
302:
299:
295:
283:
277:
274:
267:
263:
260:
259:
255:
253:
249:
247:
246:Piotr Wozniak
243:
238:
236:
230:
228:
224:
223:active recall
219:
215:
213:
209:
208:active recall
205:
197:
195:
193:
192:Piotr Woźniak
188:
186:
181:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:Piotr Woźniak
152:
150:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
110:
106:
101:
93:
83:
80:
72:
62:
58:
54:
48:
44:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
583:
496:
477:
465:
455:December 12,
453:. Retrieved
449:the original
438:
426:. Retrieved
417:
405:. Retrieved
395:
385:December 31,
383:. Retrieved
379:the original
368:
358:December 31,
356:. Retrieved
346:
334:. Retrieved
325:
317:
310:. Retrieved
301:
292:
287:December 10,
285:. Retrieved
276:
250:
239:
231:
220:
216:
201:
189:
182:
175:
163:SuperMemo 99
156:
136:
114:
113:
75:
69:January 2019
66:
51:Please help
35:
18:
758:Hal Pashler
731:Researchers
626:Course Hero
210:possible).
134:algorithm.
773:Categories
428:January 3,
336:January 3,
312:January 3,
268:References
204:flashcards
127:flashcards
53:improve it
43:verifiable
686:SuperMemo
676:OpenCards
671:Mnemosyne
621:Cobocards
569:Flashcard
407:March 16,
57:citations
779:Learning
661:Lingopie
641:Duolingo
636:Cram.com
542:Concepts
256:See also
119:learning
681:Quizlet
666:Memrise
656:Kahoot!
153:History
123:reading
47:neutral
616:Cerego
574:Memory
198:Method
691:Synap
474:(PDF)
178:Emacs
631:Cram
611:Anki
457:2017
430:2018
409:2019
387:2017
360:2017
338:2018
314:2018
289:2017
185:Anki
105:Anki
45:and
183:An
59:to
775::
476:.
316:.
291:.
248:.
527:e
520:t
513:v
459:.
432:.
411:.
389:.
362:.
340:.
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
63:.
49:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
