39:
688:, cult centers of Inanna of Zabalam (referred to as Supālītum) are listed in a separate short section. They include the Etemennigurru (location unknown; entry 319), the Esusuĝarra ("house where meals are set out"), likely in Uruk (entry 320), the E.AN-kum in an unknown location (entry 321), and the Egigunna in Muru (entry 322). In a lamentation, the Esiguz, "house of goat hair," located in Guabba, is associated with her.
217:, also known as Sugal in Akkadian (modern Tell Ibzeikh in Iraq). It is agreed that while to a degree the local manifestations of Inanna shared a "common essence," they also could have distinct, unique traits, and interpretations presenting them as facets of one goddess or as distinct figures could coexist. For example, in the
240:." While it is presumed that many cities adopted the cult of Inanna from Uruk in the Uruk period already, in Zabalam the introduction of the Urukean goddess might have resulted in such a situation due to the geographic proximity of both cities. Westenholz suggests her original name might have been Nin-UM, attested in the
351:
in modern literature aimed at general audiences, was specifically regarded as the son of the goddess of
Zabalam. The translation of the only passage mentioning his father is uncertain. Julia M. Asher-Greve suggests this tradition was a secondary development, and Shara was only assigned to Inanna as a
542:
was known for her devotion to Inanna of
Zabalam, despite not originating in this city. However, she did own a house there, and it is possible that an estate of the royal family was located nearby. Texts from Umma from the same period indicate that Inanna of Zabalam ("Nin-Zabalam") was also worshiped
668:
built a temple named
Ezikalamma ("house - the life of the land"), as indicated by inscribed bricks found during excavations. References to the goddess of Zabalam also occur in sources from the capital of his kingdom. A priest of Sugallîtum is attested in a text from this city from the late Old
256:
maintain more caution, and refer to Nin-UM neutrally as a deity, rather than specifically a goddess, though they accept the name might refer to a hypostasis of Inanna in all contexts it is attested in. The meaning of the name Nin-UM is unknown, and a connection with the month name
356:, mother, though she also notes it was seemingly not related to motherhood, but rather to senior position in the pantheon and authority over specific cities. Manuel Molina instead assumes that it reflected the close relation between their respective cult centers.
602:), in a wisdom text mentioning offerings made to her, and in theophoric names such as Ubar-Šugallītu, Warad-Šugallītu, Šugallītu-gamil (in all cases the spellings used are logographic) and Kuk-Šugallītum (the theonym is spelled syllabically; the first element is
517:. However, only remnants of a later Old Babylonian structure have been found during excavations, last of which took part in 2001–2002 on behalf of State Board of Antiquities and Heritage of Iraq, but further research on the site is not possible due to extensive
525:
rendering it "almost completely destroyed and virtually irrecoverable to archaeology." The temple was seemingly the center of economic activity of the city. Most of the documents which presumably originated in
Zabalam come from the temple's archive, though
168:
mentions the construction of a temple dedicated to her, the
Ekalamtanigurru, possibly identical with the older sanctuary. She is also attested in various religious texts and in theophoric names from Larsa. Further cities where she was worshiped in the
585:
possibly to be identified with the earlier structure in
Zabalam rebuilt by Shar-Kali-Shari. In the city of Larsa, she and a local manifestation of Inanna, "Queen-of-Larsa," were worshiped separately from each other. Her cult involved
598:, and more commonly occur in texts from the west. Apparently both men and women could fulfill this function. Under the name Šugallītu, Inanna of Zabalam also appears in a greeting formula in a letter from this city (alongside
312:. The latter name could be written logographically as ZU.GAL or SU.GAL. A further possible name, ZA-BA-AD, perhaps to be read as DIĜIR Zabalam, "the goddess of Zabalam," has been identified on an exercise tablet from
132:
at some point in the prehistory of
Mesopotamia and lost her unknown original character in the process, though in certain contexts she nonetheless could still be treated as distinct. She was regarded as the mother of
537:
the temple was nominally maintained by the governor of Umma, though the city of
Zabalam was effectively under direct control of the royal family due to its religious and economic significance for the state. Queen
252:
148:, which makes her one of the oldest tutelary goddesses of specific cities known from Mesopotamian sources. Her temple was known under the ceremonial name Gigunna. It is attested in sources from
645:. It comes from the early Old Babylonian period, though its point of origin is difficult to ascertain, and various features of the text might point at the influence of traditions of
213:
Inanna of
Zabalam is among the oldest attested examples of distinct manifestations of deities tied to specific geographical locations. She was the tutelary goddess of the city of
232:, the original character of the tutelary goddess of Zabalam was lost prior to the beginning of recorded history in a process in which "her selfhood was swallowed up by that of
621:. There are also references to the worship of "Inanna-Zabalam of Uruk" in Larsa. She additionally seemingly came to be viewed as one of the tutelary deities of the city
298:(tablet IV, line 134). A second similar name was Sugallītu (Šugallītu; "she of Zabalam"), whose spelling might have been influenced by the term Esugal, referring to a
225:, alongside other local manifestations, which might indicate in this context she was not strictly viewed as a hypostasis, but rather as a separate local goddess.
669:
Babylonian period, in which he acts as a witness. It has been suggested that his presence in
Babylon was the result of the arrival of refugees from Larsa.
565:
Inanna of Zabalam retained her religious importance after the fall of the Third Dynasty of Ur, during the successive periods of the reigns of dynasties of
193:. It is presumed that her main cult center, Zabalam, was eventually abandoned, though she is still mentioned in documents from the reign of the
1917:
The Image of Mesopotamian Divine Healers. Healing Goddesses and the Legitimization of Professional Asûs in the Mesopotamian Medical Marketplace
1860:
2007:
1924:
1624:
1559:
1472:
581:
of Larsa mentions the construction of a temple dedicated to her, the Ekalamtanigurru, "house which inspires dread in the land," according to
268:
Inanna of Zabalam could be referred to with the name Supālītum (Supallītu), derived from the Akkadian spelling of the toponym, and through a
110:
676:
still contain references to offerings made to NANA NIN-SU.GAL, "Inanna-lady-of-Zabalam." According to Manfred Krebernik, a reference to
444:. The only other female tutelary deities of specific cities known from comparably early sources as Inanna of Zabalam are Inanna of Uruk,
473:
247:
149:
1897:
1643:
1526:
1505:
1942:
Tyborowski, Witold (2013). "New Tablets from Kisurra and the Chronology of Central Babylonia in the Early Old Babylonian Period".
1459:
38:
2035:
363:. The circle of deities associated with her also included Apiriĝmaḫ, as well as two goddesses attested in an analogous role in
518:
417:.UNUG, following a typical early pattern in which the combination of the name of a local deity, in this case, Inanna (MUŠ
680:
also occurs in an incantation postdating the Old Babylonian period in an enumeration of various names of Ishtar. In the
530:
is often difficult to establish due to the entire area surrounding ancient Umma and Zabalam being affected by looting.
440:.UNUG. Later on the sign ZA was added as a phonetic indicator, though the writing continued to be variable until the
1461:
Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
469:
574:
229:
2000:
Cuneiform inscriptions in the collection of the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem: the old Babylonian inscriptions
653:
area. According to Witold Tyborowski, it might have been a variant name of a month in the local calendar of
409:
The oldest evidence for the existence of Zabalam and for the worship of its tutelary goddess comes from the
328:
Nin-Zabalam, "lady of Zabalam," especially when referring to the worship of this goddess in the settlement
434:
388:. She is also equated with Inanna-kur, an early hypostasis of Inanna already attested in sources from the
673:
441:
194:
170:
114:
1488:
Barberon, Lucile (2014). "To Dedicate or Marry a Nadîtu-Woman of Marduk in Old Babylonian Society".
657:. The theophoric element Sugallitum can be found in a single name from this city, Amat-Sugallitum.
1967:
1903:
1831:
1774:
1766:
510:
384:, Nin-UM, a deity possibly identical with Inanna of Zabalam, appears in association with the god
325:
539:
413:(c. 3100 – 2900 BCE). The name of the city was written in cuneiform logographically as MUŠ
392:. However, the latter also maintained an independent identity and could be instead linked with
160:
periods, and from various literary texts. Later on, she came to be associated with the city of
2013:
2003:
1959:
1930:
1920:
1893:
1856:
1823:
1758:
1649:
1639:
1620:
1555:
1522:
1501:
1468:
577:. She came to be strongly associated with the second of these three cities. A year formula of
124:. It has been proposed that she was initially a separate deity, perhaps known under the name
1951:
1885:
1750:
1612:
1547:
1493:
672:
After the Old Babylonian period, Zabalam was likely abandoned. However, the archives of the
603:
582:
514:
218:
2040:
566:
506:
482:, and one of the strophes directly identifies her with Nin-UM, her possible earlier name.
410:
153:
685:
269:
202:
2029:
1971:
1907:
1778:
534:
494:
321:
285:
421:) and the sign "sanctuary" (UNUG) was used to render the name of city. Analogously,
650:
303:
242:
1980:
1793:
1719:
1700:
1681:
1662:
464:
Inanna of Zabalam belonged to the local pantheon of the state (later province) of
1850:
1589:
1570:
1516:
144:
The worship of Inanna of Zabalam is already attested in the early texts from the
646:
626:
472:
likely had "supraregional" significance already in the late Uruk period. In the
389:
344:
145:
134:
86:
1934:
1889:
1497:
527:
478:
385:
380:
290:
2017:
1963:
1827:
1762:
1653:
661:
595:
591:
578:
368:
165:
44:
1616:
1551:
1518:
Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary
1955:
522:
359:
An inscription of Warad-Sin refers to Inanna of Zabalam as a daughter of
299:
250:. Antoine Cavigneaux and Manfred Krebernik in the corresponding entry in
1835:
1490:
La famille dans le Proche-Orient ancien: réalités, symbolismes et images
1811:
1770:
665:
654:
599:
281:
214:
190:
186:
121:
67:
43:
A foundation figurine dedicated to Inanna of Zabalam from the reign of
1738:
1611:. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. University of Toronto Press.
1067:
1065:
1052:
1050:
844:
842:
840:
838:
772:
770:
768:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
630:
610:
453:
445:
372:
348:
308:
233:
222:
174:
157:
117:
22:
1877:
1754:
570:
449:
422:
161:
71:
48:
622:
618:
614:
465:
364:
360:
317:
313:
237:
197:
and references to various temples dedicated to her occur in the
182:
178:
138:
129:
1878:"Local and Imported Religion at Ur Late in the Reign of Shulgi"
960:
958:
426:
253:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
221:, Inanna of Zabalam occurs separately from Inanna herself and
1944:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
1109:
1107:
909:
907:
905:
707:
705:
703:
701:
430:
262:
1157:
1155:
722:
720:
352:
son to make it possible to refer to her with the epithet
1232:
1230:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1082:
1080:
1013:
1011:
1009:
633:. A loan document mentions a month named after her, ITI
789:
787:
785:
1749:(2). American Schools of Oriental Research: 167–171.
1344:
1248:
1098:
1071:
1056:
1000:
976:
848:
829:
817:
805:
776:
759:
594:"ecstatics"), who are otherwise sparsely attested in
1998:
Westenholz, Joan Goodnick; Westenholz, Aage (2006).
1221:
1209:
1197:
747:
1636:
House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia
1458:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
860:
82:
77:
63:
55:
21:
1884:. Penn State University Press. pp. 429–440.
1588:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998a),
1492:. Penn State University Press. pp. 267–274.
1272:
1260:
988:
1812:"Evidence for Local Cults at Presargonic Zabala"
1569:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998),
1822:. GBPress - Gregorian Biblical Press: 100–104.
1544:The First Dynasty of the Sealand in Mesopotamia
964:
8:
128:, who came to be absorbed by the goddess of
1296:
1284:
896:
302:dedicated to Ishtar located in the city of
1380:
1320:
1308:
937:
711:
396:, a deity presumed to be a deified crown.
347:, commonly referred to simply as a son of
37:
16:Mesopotamian goddess, hypostasis of Inanna
1113:
1041:
925:
913:
884:
726:
1356:
1161:
1146:
609:Inanna of Zabalam was also worshiped in
468:, though as noted by Manuel Molina, her
1739:"An Early Old Babylonian Loan Document"
697:
1950:(2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 245–269.
1609:Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.)
1515:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992).
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1368:
1332:
1236:
1185:
1173:
1134:
1086:
1029:
1017:
872:
793:
557:priest and a herdsman in her service.
284:." It was commonly used in Babylonian
18:
949:
625:. Earlier this role belonged only to
7:
533:According to textual sources in the
1855:. New York and London: Routledge.
14:
1915:Sibbing-Plantholt, Irene (2022).
1882:Ur in the Twenty-First Century CE
1345:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1249:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1099:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1072:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1057:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1001:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
977:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
849:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
830:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
818:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
806:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
777:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
760:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
497:in Zabalam was known as Gigunna (
59:Supālītum, Sugallītu, Nin-Zabalam
1661:Huber Vulliet, Fabienne (2011),
1222:Westenholz & Westenholz 2006
1210:Westenholz & Westenholz 2006
1198:Westenholz & Westenholz 2006
748:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998a
861:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
339:Associations with other deities
306:, or alternatively by the word
261:-UM from the local calendar of
141:, a city located near Zabalam.
684:, most likely composed in the
1:
1985:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1798:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1743:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
1724:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1705:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1699:Krebernik, Manfred (2013a),
1686:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1667:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1638:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
1594:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1575:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1521:. The British Museum Press.
288:. It occurs in the god list
120:associated with the city of
1979:Waetzoldt, Hartmut (2014),
1737:Michalowski, Piotr (1986).
1718:Krebernik, Manfred (2016),
1680:Krebernik, Manfred (2013),
1467:. Academic Press Fribourg.
31:Tutelary goddess of Zabalam
2057:
1810:Powell, Marvin A. (1976).
1634:George, Andrew R. (1993).
1890:10.1515/9781646021512-031
1849:Pryke, Louise M. (2017).
1498:10.1515/9781575068886-019
164:. An inscription of king
36:
29:
1876:Sharlach, Tonia (2021).
1607:Frayne, Douglas (1990).
521:in the aftermath of the
272:connected with the word
230:Joan Goodnick Westenholz
1792:Molina, Manuel (2016),
1542:Boivin, Odette (2018).
493:indicate that Inanna's
485:Literary texts such as
2036:Mesopotamian goddesses
1981:"Umma A. Philologisch"
1701:"Supālītum, Supallītu"
1273:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1261:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
989:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
938:Black & Green 1992
641:, a type of festival)
1617:10.3138/9781442678033
1552:10.1515/9781501507823
682:Canonical Temple List
674:First Sealand dynasty
561:Second millennium BCE
474:Early Dynastic period
442:Old Babylonian period
248:Early Dynastic period
199:Canonical Temple List
195:First Sealand dynasty
171:Old Babylonian period
1956:10.1515/za-2012-0014
596:southern Mesopotamia
509:, it was rebuilt by
460:Third millennium BCE
265:has been ruled out.
201:from the subsequent
115:Mesopotamian goddess
1383:, pp. 316–317.
1359:, pp. 271–272.
899:, pp. 169–170.
887:, pp. 256–257.
660:In Zabalam itself,
476:she appears in the
1862:978-1-138--86073-5
965:Huber Vulliet 2011
543:in the settlement
294:as explanation of
2009:978-90-474-0838-3
2002:. Leiden: Brill.
1926:978-90-04-51241-2
1919:. Boston: Brill.
1626:978-1-4426-7803-3
1561:978-1-5015-0782-3
1474:978-3-7278-1738-0
1263:, pp. 30–31.
820:, pp. 79–80.
643:ša su-ga-li-ti-im
95:Inanna of Zabalam
92:
91:
64:Major cult center
2048:
2021:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1975:
1938:
1911:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1682:"S/Šugallītu(m)"
1676:
1675:
1674:
1657:
1630:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1565:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1511:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1466:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1297:Michalowski 1986
1294:
1288:
1285:Michalowski 1986
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1117:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
900:
897:Michalowski 1986
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
780:
774:
763:
757:
751:
745:
730:
724:
715:
709:
583:Andrew R. George
550:, and mention a
515:Shar-Kali-Sharri
487:Inanna's Descent
425:was rendered as
219:Weidner god list
209:Origin and names
41:
19:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2010:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1978:
1941:
1927:
1914:
1900:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1840:
1838:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1783:
1781:
1755:10.2307/1359798
1736:
1729:
1727:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1660:
1646:
1633:
1627:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1562:
1541:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1514:
1508:
1487:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1381:Krebernik 2013a
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1321:Tyborowski 2013
1319:
1315:
1309:Tyborowski 2013
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1120:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:
971:
963:
956:
948:
944:
936:
932:
924:
920:
912:
903:
895:
891:
883:
879:
871:
867:
859:
855:
847:
836:
828:
824:
816:
812:
804:
800:
792:
783:
775:
766:
758:
754:
746:
733:
725:
718:
712:Krebernik 2013a
710:
699:
694:
563:
555:
548:
507:Sargonic period
502:
462:
439:
420:
416:
411:Uruk III period
407:
402:
341:
333:
246:hymns from the
211:
51:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2008:
1995:
1976:
1939:
1925:
1912:
1898:
1873:
1861:
1846:
1807:
1789:
1734:
1715:
1696:
1677:
1658:
1644:
1631:
1625:
1604:
1585:
1566:
1560:
1546:. De Gruyter.
1539:
1527:
1512:
1506:
1485:
1473:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:, p. 141.
1433:
1421:
1409:
1407:, p. 142.
1397:
1395:, p. 149.
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1347:, p. 255.
1337:
1335:, p. 352.
1325:
1323:, p. 246.
1313:
1311:, p. 247.
1301:
1299:, p. 171.
1289:
1287:, p. 169.
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1239:, p. 208.
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1188:, p. 107.
1178:
1176:, p. 217.
1166:
1164:, p. 271.
1151:
1149:, p. 436.
1139:
1137:, p. 173.
1118:
1116:, p. 321.
1114:Waetzoldt 2014
1103:
1091:
1089:, p. 170.
1076:
1061:
1046:
1044:, p. 322.
1042:Waetzoldt 2014
1034:
1032:, p. 218.
1022:
1020:, p. 172.
1005:
1003:, p. 140.
993:
981:
979:, p. 202.
969:
954:
952:, p. 104.
942:
940:, p. 173.
930:
928:, p. 164.
926:Krebernik 2016
918:
916:, p. 257.
914:Krebernik 2013
901:
889:
885:Krebernik 2013
877:
875:, p. 101.
865:
863:, p. 510.
853:
834:
822:
810:
808:, p. 109.
798:
796:, p. 171.
781:
764:
752:
750:, p. 531.
731:
729:, p. 256.
727:Krebernik 2013
716:
714:, p. 316.
696:
695:
693:
690:
686:Kassite period
562:
559:
553:
546:
500:
461:
458:
437:
418:
414:
406:
403:
401:
398:
340:
337:
331:
296:Inanna-su-bala
270:folk etymology
210:
207:
203:Kassite period
150:Early Dynastic
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
42:
34:
33:
30:
27:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2053:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1899:9781646021512
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1799:
1795:
1794:"Zabala/u(m)"
1790:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1645:0-931464-80-3
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1595:
1591:
1590:"Nin-Zabalam"
1586:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1528:0-7141-1705-6
1524:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1507:9781575068886
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1431:, p. 92.
1430:
1425:
1422:
1419:, p. 67.
1418:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:Barberon 2014
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1275:, p. 30.
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1251:, p. 77.
1250:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1224:, p. 73.
1223:
1218:
1215:
1212:, p. 33.
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:, p. 13.
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:Barberon 2014
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:Sharlach 2021
1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:, p. 40.
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1074:, p. 44.
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:, p. 58.
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
994:
991:, p. 31.
990:
985:
982:
978:
973:
970:
967:, p. 32.
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
943:
939:
934:
931:
927:
922:
919:
915:
910:
908:
906:
902:
898:
893:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
869:
866:
862:
857:
854:
851:, p. 50.
850:
845:
843:
841:
839:
835:
832:, p. 43.
831:
826:
823:
819:
814:
811:
807:
802:
799:
795:
790:
788:
786:
782:
779:, p. 42.
778:
773:
771:
769:
765:
762:, p. 59.
761:
756:
753:
749:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
704:
702:
698:
691:
689:
687:
683:
679:
678:Šu-gal-li-tum
675:
670:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
560:
558:
556:
549:
541:
536:
535:Ur III period
531:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
496:
492:
489:and the hymn
488:
483:
481:
480:
475:
471:
467:
459:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
436:
432:
428:
424:
412:
405:Early history
404:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
327:
324:also use the
323:
322:Ur III period
319:
316:. Texts from
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:
287:
286:lexical texts
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
231:
228:According to
226:
224:
220:
216:
208:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
140:
137:, the god of
136:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
88:
85:
81:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
28:
24:
20:
1999:
1989:, retrieved
1984:
1947:
1943:
1916:
1881:
1866:. Retrieved
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1819:
1815:
1801:, retrieved
1797:
1782:. Retrieved
1746:
1742:
1728:, retrieved
1723:
1709:, retrieved
1704:
1690:, retrieved
1685:
1671:, retrieved
1666:
1635:
1608:
1598:, retrieved
1593:
1579:, retrieved
1574:
1543:
1532:. Retrieved
1517:
1489:
1478:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:Bibliography
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1371:, p. 6.
1364:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1142:
1094:
1037:
1025:
996:
984:
972:
945:
933:
921:
892:
880:
868:
856:
825:
813:
801:
755:
681:
677:
671:
659:
642:
638:
634:
608:
587:
564:
551:
544:
532:
498:
490:
486:
484:
477:
463:
408:
393:
379:
377:
358:
353:
342:
329:
307:
295:
289:
277:
273:
267:
258:
251:
241:
227:
212:
198:
143:
125:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:
1987:(in German)
1726:(in German)
1707:(in German)
1688:(in German)
1669:(in French)
1596:(in German)
1577:(in German)
1441:George 1993
1429:George 1993
1417:George 1993
1405:George 1993
1393:George 1993
1369:George 1993
1333:Frayne 1990
1237:Boivin 2018
1186:George 1993
1174:Frayne 1990
1135:Molina 2016
1087:Molina 2016
1030:Frayne 1990
1018:Molina 2016
873:Powell 1976
794:Molina 2016
429:. UNUG and
390:Uruk period
146:Uruk period
107:Nin-Zabalam
56:Other names
2030:Categories
1991:2022-10-21
1935:1312171937
1868:2022-10-24
1841:2022-10-21
1816:Orientalia
1803:2022-10-21
1784:2022-10-21
1730:2022-10-21
1720:"ZA-BA-AD"
1711:2022-10-21
1692:2022-10-21
1673:2022-10-21
1600:2022-10-21
1581:2022-10-21
1534:2022-10-24
1480:2022-10-24
950:Pryke 2017
692:References
635:na-ab-ri-ì
528:provenance
505:). In the
479:Zame Hymns
381:Zame Hymns
111:hypostasis
25:of Zabalam
2018:320326253
1972:163905316
1964:1613-1150
1908:236767398
1828:0030-5367
1779:163380578
1763:0022-0256
662:Hammurabi
592:prophetic
579:Warad-Sin
540:Abi-simti
511:Naram-Sin
369:Ninshubur
320:from the
291:An = Anum
166:Warad-Sin
103:Sugallītu
99:Supālītum
78:Genealogy
45:Warad-Sin
1836:43074689
1654:27813103
1571:"Nin-UM"
545:A-ka-sal
523:Iraq War
491:Inanna F
343:The god
330:A-ka-sal
309:sukkallu
300:ziggurat
173:include
154:Sargonic
109:) was a
83:Children
1771:1359798
666:Babylon
655:Kisurra
649:or the
639:nabrium
604:Elamite
600:Shamash
575:Babylon
519:looting
400:Worship
386:Ištaran
378:In the
326:epithet
282:juniper
215:Zabalam
191:Babylon
187:Kisurra
122:Zabalam
113:of the
68:Zabalam
2041:Inanna
2016:
2006:
1970:
1962:
1933:
1923:
1906:
1896:
1859:
1852:Ishtar
1834:
1826:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1663:"Šara"
1652:
1642:
1623:
1558:
1525:
1504:
1471:
651:Diyala
637:(from
631:Ninura
611:Nippur
588:maḫḫûm
499:Gi-gun
495:temple
454:Nisaba
446:Nanshe
373:Nanaya
349:Inanna
278:sāpalu
274:supālu
223:Dumuzi
175:Nippur
158:Ur III
126:Nin-UM
118:Inanna
97:(also
23:Inanna
1968:S2CID
1904:S2CID
1832:JSTOR
1775:S2CID
1767:JSTOR
1465:(PDF)
627:Shara
571:Larsa
450:Ezina
435:NANNA
423:Larsa
345:Shara
304:Akkad
234:Inana
162:Larsa
135:Shara
87:Shara
72:Larsa
49:Larsa
2014:OCLC
2004:ISBN
1960:ISSN
1931:OCLC
1921:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1824:ISSN
1759:ISSN
1650:OCLC
1640:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1469:ISBN
647:Mari
629:and
623:Umma
619:Uruk
617:and
615:Isin
573:and
567:Isin
552:gudu
470:cult
466:Umma
452:and
371:and
365:Uruk
361:Suen
318:Umma
314:Susa
280:), "
243:zame
238:Uruk
189:and
183:Isin
179:Uruk
156:and
139:Umma
130:Uruk
1952:doi
1948:102
1886:doi
1751:doi
1613:doi
1548:doi
1494:doi
664:of
606:).
513:or
503:-na
427:UTU
394:Men
354:ama
236:of
47:of
2032::
2012:.
1983:,
1966:.
1958:.
1946:.
1929:.
1902:.
1892:.
1880:.
1830:.
1820:45
1818:.
1814:.
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1773:.
1765:.
1757:.
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1741:.
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1648:.
1619:.
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1554:.
1500:.
1229:^
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1008:^
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700:^
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431:Ur
375:.
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259:ne
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2020:.
1974:.
1954::
1937:.
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1888::
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1615::
1564:.
1550::
1537:.
1510:.
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590:(
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276:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
