2791:. The Dayak arose from middle-earth out of a cosmic battle at the beginning of time between a primal couple, a male and female bird/dragon (serpent). Representations of this primal couple are among the most pervasive motifs of Dayak art. The primal mythic conflict ended in a mutual, procreative murder. The body parts became the present universe stage by stage. This primal sacrificial creation of the universe is re-experienced and ultimately harmoniously brought together in the seasons of the year, the interdependence of river (up-stream and down-stream) and land, the tilling of the earth and fall of the rain, the union of male and female, the distinctions between and cooperation of social classes, the wars and trade with foreigners, indeed in all aspects of life, even including tattoos on the body, the lay-out of dwellings and the annual cycle of renewal ceremonies, funeral rites, etc. The practice of Kaharingan differs from group to group, but shamans, specialists in ecstatic flight, are central to Dayak religion. They bring together the various realms of Heaven (Upper-world), earth and Under-world, for example healing the sick by retrieving their souls while they journey to the Upper-world land of the dead, accompanying and protecting the soul of the dead, presiding over annual renewal and agricultural regeneration festivals, etc. Death rituals are most elaborate when a noble (
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132:
3232:) origin, explaining his name. One day he told his two servants Dora and Sembodo that he was going to Java. He told them that while he was away, both of them were to guard his heirloom (Pusoko). After arriving in Java, Aji Saka moved inland to the kingdom of Medang Kamulan. In a battle, Aji Saka pushed Dewata Cengkar into the South Sea. Dewata Cengkar did not die, instead becoming a Bajul Putih (White Crocodile). Aji Saka became a ruler of Medang Kamulan.
4258:
3005:, is divided into the upper world (heaven), the world of man (earth), and the underworld. At first, heaven and earth were married, then there was a darkness, a separation, and finally the light. Animals live in the underworld, which is represented by rectangular space enclosed by pillars, the earth is for mankind, and the heaven world is located above, covered with a saddle-shaped roof. Other Toraja gods include
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himself was allowed to take the pusoko. Dora and
Sembodo distrusted each other, and suspected that the other tried to steal the pusoko. They fought to death. Aji Saka became curious why it was taking so long, came home himself only to discover the bodies of his two faithful servants and the terrible misunderstanding between them. Aji Saka composed a poem to them that later become the origin of hanacaraka
1207:
35:
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Meanwhile, a woman of the village of
Dadapan, found an egg. She put the egg in her Lumbung (Rice Barn). After a certain period the egg vanished, replaced by a snake. The villagers wanted to kill the snake, but the snake said, "I'm the son of Aji Saka, bring me to him". Aji Saka told the snake that he
3105:. Sang Hyang Kersa also created seven bataras (lesser demigods) in Sasaka Pusaka Buana (The Sacred Place on Earth). The oldest of these is Batara Cikal who is considered the ancestor of the Kanekes people. Other bataras ruled various locations in Sunda lands and became the ancestors of human beings.
3243:
One day, a group of nine village boys were playing around in that Jungle. Suddenly it was raining heavily. They found shelter in a cave. Only eight boys went inside, while the ninth, suffering from skin disease had to stay out. All of a sudden, the cave fell apart, and the eight boys vanished. Only
3247:
After ruling the Medang
Kamulan kingdom, Aji Saka sent a messenger to inform his faithful servants to bring the pusoko to him. Dora came to Sembodo and told him that Aji Saka ask them to bring the pusoko to Java. Sembodo refused, since he clearly remembered Aji Saka's order: no one except Aji Saka
3239:
As had been promised the snake was recognized as Aji Saka's son and he was given a name Jaka
Linglung (a stupid boy). In the palace Jaka Linglung greedily ate the domestic pets of the palace. He was punished by the King, expelling him to live in the Jungle of Pesanga. He was tightly roped until he
3047:. The myth explains that Fumeripits was the first man in Asmat lands. Fumeripits' canoe sank in the sea and his body was stranded on Asmat coast. He was revived by magical bird. Feeling lonely he carved numerous wooden figures, and when he created
2679:
mythology was almost entirely supplanted by
Islamic mythology. However, belief in local spirits such as the forest guardian, the ghost of water or haunted places still exists, often associated with a jinn or the tormented soul of a deceased human.
2481:
Some native
Indonesian ethnic groups that were isolated from the rest of the world until recent centuries have their own native myths and gods. These native mythologies are relatively free from foreign influences, such as
3221:(giant demon) that repressed all creatures and ate humans. The first kingdom in Java was Medang Kamulan, and the king was the Giant King Dewata Cengkar, the cruel King of the country who ate the flesh of his own people.
2460:
in their belief systems. The tendency to syncretize by overlying older traditions with newer foreign ideas has occurred. For example, the older ancestral mythology might be merged with foreign mythology, such as
2949:
marries him. She becomes the mother of twins of opposite sexes. When the two have grown up their divine parents return to the upper world, leaving the couple behind on the Earth. Mankind is the result of their
2993:, or "the way" (sometimes translated as "the law"). In the Toraja myth, the ancestors of Torajan people came down from heaven using stairs, which were then used by the Torajans as a communication medium with
2922:, the dragon of the underworld who lived in the water. He groaned under the weight and attempted to get rid of it by rolling around. The Earth was softened by water and was almost destroyed. With the help of
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to fill Java island with human beings. However at that time Java island was floating freely on the ocean. To make the island stay still, the gods decided to nail it on the earth by moving part of
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would be recognized as his son, if he could kill the Bajul Putih in the South Sea. After a long, stormy battle in which both sides demonstrated strength and skill, the snake killed Bajul Putih.
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2795:) dies. On particular religious occasions, the spirit is believed to descend to partake in celebration, a mark of honour and respect to past ancestors and blessings for a prosperous future.
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and mountainous regions spanned from west to east. The main part of the Meru mountain attached to the eastern part of Java. Later the gods cut off a small tip to make Mount
Pawitra (
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are either given identified as their Hindu counterpart or incorporated into a Java-Bali Hindu pantheon unknown in India. For example, native rice goddess Dewi Sri is identified with
2918:
was ordered to spread out this earth and thus the Earth became broad and long. But the goddess was not able to enjoy her rest for long. The Earth had been spread out on the head of
2910:, and lets herself down on a spun thread from the sky to the middle world, which at that time was a watery waste. She refuses to go back, but feels very unhappy. Out of compassion
3190:
serpent and wrapped his body around the mountain and giant turtle's back, so the Meru mountain could be transported safely. The mountain fragments scattered upon Java created the
2695:. Most native Indonesian ethnic groups, especially those not influenced by other traditions, explain the origin of the universe, gods and deities, as well as their ancestors.
2819:
creation myth has many versions. Large collections of Batak tales were recorded by
European scholars in their own languages (mostly Dutch) beginning in the mid-19th century.
4246:
1247:
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3352:(Sulalatus Salatin) describe some of these myths and often mention Islamic and Middle East references. According to Malay legends the ancestor of Malay king was
3224:
One day a young wise man by the name of Aji Saka come to fight Dewata
Cengkar. Aji Saka came from Bumi Majeti. Some sources hold that his origin was Jambudwipa (
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At the beginning of time there was only the sky with a great sea beneath it. In the sky lived the gods and the sea was the home of a mighty underworld
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begets three daughters whom he gives as wives for his three sons. Mankind is the result of the union of the three couples. Besides the three sons of
52:
4224:
3217:. Soon after the gods created and nailed the island of Java, the island became habitable. However the first race to rule the island were the
2833:. His origin remains uncertain. A rough translation of the name is the "beginning of becoming". Everything that exists can be traced to him.
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Many Hindu-Buddhist mythical beings have a role in
Sundanese, Javanese, and Balinese mythology, including of Hindu gods and heroes,
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tells the story about the coming of civilization to Java, brought by the legendary first king of Java Aji Saka, and the story of
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All these six gods play a minor role in ritual. They do not receive sacrificial offerings from the faithful and no places of
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Soemarmo, Marmo. "Javanese Script." Ohio Working Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching 14.Winter (1995): 69-103.
2829:. The earth did not yet exist and human beings, too, were as yet unknown. At the beginning of creation stands the god
2452:, each with their own myths and legends that explain the origin of their people, the tales of their ancestors and the
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a demigod descendant of Iskandar Dzulkarnain, a Middle Eastern legendary-historical figure usually associated with
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3097:(gods) were happy and smiling. To fill the land Sang Hyang Kersa created animals and demons, while the myth of
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as the king of gods, while the Sang Hyang Kersa remains unseen. According to Sundanese legends, the land of
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This Toraja myth was directly translated from the history of Toraja at the official Tana Toraja website
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explains the relationship between Sundanese and Javanese people as the tale of two contesting brothers.
2906:, who is the actual creator of the Earth. She flees from her intended husband, the lizard-shaped son of
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explain the creation of the universe and the world and its lands. They often explain the story of their
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Der Totenkult der Ngadju Dajak in Süd-Borneo. Mythen zum Totenkult und die Texte zum Tantolak Matei
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drum and played it, these wooden figures magically became alive as the ancestors of Asmat people.
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3552:. Some of these demons are derived from older traditions, while other might derived from recent
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2019:
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The myth connected to the story of god and goddesses and mythical or legendary creatures
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could not move his head. He was instructed only to eat things which fall into his mouth.
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4299:
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the one who stayed outside was safe. The cave was actually the mouth of Jaka Linglung.
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2014:
1999:
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after the adoption of Hinduism). Many other gods were adopted from Hindu gods such as
2961:, and found the village of Si Anjur Mulamula. The mythological ancestor of the Batak,
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lives in the upper world, which is usually divided into seven levels. His three sons,
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2196:
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999:
812:
728:
653:
603:
543:
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262:
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The most detailed study of the shamanistic ritual at funerals is by Waldemar Stöhr,
17:
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sends his granddaughter a handful of earth so that she can find somewhere to live.
2780:
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232:
2945:, the husband the gods intended for her, had taken another name and another form,
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are built for them. They are merely called on in prayers for help and assistance.
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4214:
2624:(female goddess). These names are similar to the native Philippines mythology of
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3401:
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The origin of the Earth and of mankind is connected mainly with the daughter of
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34:
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518:
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420:
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340:
242:
237:
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3686:
3521:
3441:
3365:
2958:
2892:
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2719:
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1021:
989:
916:
911:
896:
708:
683:
668:
593:
538:
533:
508:
400:
390:
360:
330:
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The ruler of the underworld, i. e. the primeval sea, is the serpent-dragon
4588:
4565:
4539:
4325:
3436:
3431:
3391:
3299:
Minangkabau culture is heavily influenced by Islamic faith. As a result,
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3210:
3109:
3098:
2753:
happened when the boar felt itchy and rubbed its back against a gigantic
2746:
2738:
2715:
2692:
2561:
2527:
2399:
2367:
1824:
800:
760:
663:
628:
528:
523:
463:
385:
345:
295:
252:
3973:
The best study of a traditional Dayak religion is that of Hans Scharer,
2857:
in his act of creation. Their functions vary in the different versions.
4593:
4471:
4453:
4350:
4017:
Stohr, W. & Zoeta Jadider, P. (1965) "Die Religionen Indonesiens."
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have their own legend about the origin of their tribe's name. The name
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2727:
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2589:
2569:
2553:
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1080:
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878:
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718:
633:
568:
453:
365:
350:
285:
4069:
2880:. He too existed before the beginning and seems to be the opponent of
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3183:
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3086:
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was able to overcome the dragon. She thrust a sword into the body of
2823:
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2758:
2613:
2549:
2541:
2453:
2394:
873:
840:
835:
830:
807:
785:
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738:
648:
643:
588:
488:
468:
430:
355:
320:
257:
247:
136:
2957:
The couple settle on Pusuk Buhit, a volcano on the western shore of
3977:; translated by Rodney Needham (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1963).
3112:
also explains the origin of certain things and places. The myth of
2869:, has only unclear place and function. There is some evidence that
2765:
of Vishnu as a gigantic boar that carried the world upon his back.
4514:
4428:
4418:
4375:
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4335:
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2557:
2545:
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926:
863:
858:
775:
733:
713:
693:
598:
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415:
375:
370:
3975:
Ngaju Religion: The Conception of God among a South Borneo People
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2703:
2699:
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1621:
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573:
458:
290:
187:
4228:
3323:("buffalo"). Minangkabau royalties can be traced to Matriarch
28:
2888:
also has an important function in the creation of the earth.
2873:
can be seen as the balance and unity of the trinity of gods.
3252:. The Javanese alphabet itself forms a poem, and a perfect
3101:
explains the origin of rice and plants on earth as told in
4137:. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient
2722:. The reverence for this spiritual entity can be found in
4160:. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Kanisius. p. 119.
3368:
and became the predecessor of Malay kings in the region.
3344:
also heavily influenced by Islamic culture. As a result,
3120:
volcano, and the collective memory of an ancient lake in
4131:
Edi Suhardi Ekajati; Undang A. Darsa; Oman Fathurahman.
3360:. It was said that Sang Sapurba descended on the top of
3256:, of which the line-by-line translation is as follows.:
2647:
especially those dealing with spiritual beings, such as
2934:
up to the hilt and laid him in an iron block. Whenever
2757:. This myth has its counterpart, in the Hindu myth of
4088:
cf. Kis-Jovak et al. (1988), Ch. 2, Hetty Nooy-Palm,
4044:
Sibeth, Achim; Kozok, Uli; Ginting, Juara R. (1991).
4034:
Doctoral dissertation in Theology. Groningen, p. 177.
2537:
were adopted and adapted into a uniquely local form.
4602:
4574:
4556:
4538:
4505:
4452:
4394:
4306:
2616:), and in native traditions usually referred to as
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4032:Het beeld van de ziel bij drie Sumatraanse volken.
3182:and carried the Meru upon his back, while the god
2572:the shakti of Vishnu, and Semar and his sons the
2853:. Two swallows act as messengers and helpers to
2849:were born from eggs laid by a hen fertilized by
2706:believed in an unseen spiritual entity that has
3198:,) while the main part of Meru mountain became
3085:and Vishnu. Batara Guru rules the kahyangan or
2737:According to the myth of some ethnic groups in
2581:
4240:
3999:Nancy Dowling, "Javanization of Indian Art",
3303:can be found in Minangkabau culture. However
2421:
1599:
1165:
8:
3021:(goddess of medicine); there are many more.
2938:twists in its fetters an earthquake occurs.
2556:, etc., while native gods of nature such as
4046:The Batak: Peoples of the Island of Sumatra
4247:
4233:
4225:
2428:
2414:
1617:
1606:
1592:
1205:
1183:
1172:
1158:
149:
3969:
3967:
3093:highlands was magically created when the
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
4158:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2
4109:. St. Martin College, UK. Archived from
3348:shaped the myth among Malay people. The
3277:(They were) equally powerful (in fight)
130:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3963:
3295:Adat and religion of Minangkabau people
3270:(They) had animosity (among each other)
3031:Culture and subsistence of Asmat people
3013:(a goddess who can cause earthquakes),
2592:. Several names refer to gods, such as
1620:
1512:
1469:
1462:
1369:
1358:
1319:
1312:
1195:
157:
153:This article is a part of the series on
7:
443:Mythological and folkloric creatures
57:adding citations to reliable sources
3990:(Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966).
4182:"Javanese Characters and Aji Saka"
2576:are incorporated into the epic of
1258:French and British era (1806–1816)
25:
3548:Demons are malevolent beings and
3043:people, on the Southern coast of
2663:entered Indonesian mythology. In
4256:
4134:Jawa Barat, koleksi lima lembaga
2975:Religious affiliation of Torajan
2552:(known as hapsari or bidadari),
2521:as early as the 1st century CE.
1573:
1141:
1130:
171:
33:
3077:and Batara Guru (identified as
2965:is one of their grandchildren.
2941:After the lizard-shaped son of
2588:, as the clown servants of the
1278:Liberal democracy era (1950–59)
146:battle in Indonesian mythology.
44:needs additional citations for
4215:Tulisan dari ‘Maluku’ Kategori
4019:Die Religionen der Menschheit,
3174:) and attaching it upon Java.
2745:sat upon the back of gigantic
1:
4220:Folk Orientation in Halmahera
2884:. As ruler of the underworld
1344:National costume of Indonesia
1288:Transitional period (1965–66)
1273:National Revolution (1945–49)
1268:Japanese occupation (1942–45)
1263:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942)
1119:List of sacred places in Java
891:Mythical and sacred locations
2982:indigenous belief system is
2714:. This spirit can be either
2525:, legends and epics such as
2471:Christian biblical mythology
140:glass painting depiction of
4072:, retrieved on 2007-05-18.
4048:. W.W. Norton. p. 65.
3263:There (were) two messengers
3202:volcano, the abode of Lord
3001:. The cosmos, according to
970:Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain
4665:
4107:Overview of World Religion
3334:
3292:
3135:
3058:
3028:
2972:
2811:Traditional Batak religion
2808:
2802:
2772:
2498:and Papuans. By contrast,
2448:consisting of hundreds of
1283:Guided Democracy (1959–65)
1248:Portuguese era (1512–1605)
1114:List of Indonesian deities
227:Traditional folk religions
4269:
3186:transformed into a giant
3178:transformed into a giant
2582:
1453:Architecture of Indonesia
1104:Indonesian folk religions
2775:Religion of Dayak people
68:"Mythology of Indonesia"
4288:Ghosts in Malay culture
3150:explains the origin of
3116:explains the origin of
2926:and by her own cunning
975:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai
208:Ghosts in Malay culture
4030:Leertouwer, L. (1977)
3039:explain the origin of
2641:Indonesian archipelago
2442:mythology of Indonesia
2390:Religion and mythology
1339:Etiquette in Indonesia
1109:Javanese sacred places
853:Rituals and traditions
147:
4644:Religion in Indonesia
4156:Soekmono, R. (1973).
4076:May 20, 2007, at the
3293:Further information:
3284:Here are the corpses.
3059:Further information:
3029:Further information:
3007:Pong Banggai di Rante
2973:Further information:
2809:Further information:
2783:indigenous religion,
2773:Further information:
2710:powers identified as
2444:is very diverse, the
2353:Comparative mythology
1653:Aboriginal Australian
1238:Hinduism-Buddhism era
1005:Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
965:Hikayat Bayan Budiman
134:
4649:Indonesian mythology
4639:Culture of Indonesia
4263:Indonesian mythology
4021:vol. 5:1, Stuttgart.
3697:Hantu Kepala Buntung
3017:(god of death), and
2635:After the coming of
2358:Comparative religion
2320:Legendary progenitor
1798:Continental Germanic
1580:Indonesia portal
1530:World Heritage Sites
1198:Culture of Indonesia
1148:Mythology portal
1137:Indonesia portal
674:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
396:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
182:Cultural mythologies
53:improve this article
18:Indonesian mythology
4612:Manseren Manggoendi
4090:The World of Toraja
4003:, volume 54 (1992).
3487:Manseren Manggoendi
3358:Alexander the Great
3319:("victorious") and
3311:is thought to be a
3158:) ordered the gods
3124:. The epic tale of
3061:Sundanese mythology
2510:were influenced by
2107:Proto-Indo-European
1293:New Order (1966–98)
1253:VOC era (1603–1800)
955:Hikayat Amir Hamzah
4280:Balinese mythology
4276:Aliran Kepercayaan
3305:Minangkabau people
3196:Mount Penanggungan
3019:Indo' Belo Tumbang
2831:Mula Jadi Na Bolon
2698:Ancient people in
2477:Foreign influences
2308:Legendary creature
2024:Pacific Northwest
1349:Dance in Indonesia
1010:Kakawin Hariwangsa
193:Balinese mythology
148:
4620:
4619:
4103:"Toraja Religion"
3692:Hantu Jeruk Purut
3592:Banaspati (ghost)
3346:Islamic mythology
3301:Islamic mythology
3103:Wawacan Sulanjana
3075:Batari Sunan Ambu
3035:The mythology of
3011:Indo' Ongon-Ongon
2732:Balinese Hinduism
2645:Islamic mythology
2446:Indonesian people
2438:
2437:
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1047:Wawacan Sulanjana
825:Wayang characters
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3777:Kongkong Pancing
3672:Glundung Pringis
3138:Javanese beliefs
3118:Tangkuban Perahu
3009:(god of Earth),
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2519:Indian mythology
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2385:Pseudo-mythology
2297:Related concepts
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499:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
326:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
215:Molucca Folklore
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3215:Javanese script
3170:in Jambudvipa (
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2566:Nyai Roro Kidul
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2380:Lower mythology
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3335:Main article:
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3325:Bundo Kanduang
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4169:
4167:979-413-290-X
4163:
4159:
4152:
4149:
4136:
4135:
4127:
4124:
4113:on 2006-10-06
4112:
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4055:9780500973929
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3993:
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3964:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Takau (ghost)
3930:
3928:
3927:Suster Ngesot
3925:
3923:
3922:Sundel Bolong
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
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3903:
3900:
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3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:Potok (ghost)
3840:
3838:
3837:Poppo (ghost)
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
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3808:
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3743:
3742:Kanun (ghost)
3740:
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3735:
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3728:
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3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:Bombo (ghost)
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Bajag angkrik
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3554:urban legends
3551:
3543:
3538:
3537:Warak ngendog
3535:
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3467:Kuda Sembrani
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3306:
3302:
3296:
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3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:maga bathanga
3278:
3275:
3274:padha jayanya
3271:
3268:
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3261:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
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3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
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3076:
3072:
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3067:Sunda Wiwitan
3065:According to
3062:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3012:
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3004:
3000:
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2963:Si Raja Batak
2960:
2955:
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2944:
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2937:
2933:
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2894:
2889:
2887:
2883:
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2874:
2872:
2868:
2865:another god,
2864:
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2756:
2752:
2748:
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2740:
2735:
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2729:
2725:
2724:Sunda Wiwitan
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:Creation myth
2683:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
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2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
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2493:
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2450:ethnic groups
2447:
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2198:
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2172:
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2167:
2165:
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2160:
2157:
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2149:
2148:
2145:
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2140:
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2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
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2110:
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2100:
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2029:
2028:Kwakwakaʼwakw
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
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1435:
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1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:Protestantism
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
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1365:
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1357:
1350:
1347:
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1332:
1326:
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1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
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1300:
1296:
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1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
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1259:
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1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:Bharatayuddha
998:
997:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
943:
942:
936:
935:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
888:
887:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
850:
849:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
822:
821:
814:
813:Warak ngendog
811:
809:
806:
802:
799:
798:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
753:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
729:Sundel Bolong
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:Putri Tangguk
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:Malin Kundang
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
544:Hantu Bongkok
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
446:
440:
439:
432:
429:
427:
426:Warak ngendog
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
277:
276:
269:
266:
264:
263:Sunda Wiwitan
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
224:
223:
216:
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
179:
178:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
156:
152:
151:
145:
144:
143:Bhāratayuddha
139:
138:
133:
123:
120:
112:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4548:Sureq Galigo
4467:Orang bunian
4414:Bulan Pejeng
4262:
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4184:. Joglosemar
4176:
4157:
4151:
4139:. Retrieved
4133:
4126:
4115:. Retrieved
4111:the original
4106:
4097:
4092:, pp. 12–18.
4089:
4084:
4070:toraja.go.id
4064:
4045:
4039:
4031:
4026:
4018:
4000:
3995:
3987:
3982:
3974:
3817:Orang Bunian
3747:Karo Kamilis
3632:Dadung Dawus
3617:Bute (ghost)
3597:Begu Ganjang
3550:evil spirits
3547:
3512:Orang Pendek
3507:Orang Gadang
3497:Nyai Blorong
3482:Naga Besukih
3412:Batara Sambu
3375:
3354:Sang Sapurba
3350:Malay Annals
3340:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3298:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3223:
3218:
3209:The myth of
3208:
3141:
3126:Ciung Wanara
3107:
3064:
3034:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2984:polytheistic
2978:
2962:
2956:
2946:
2943:Mangalabulan
2942:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2908:Mangalabulan
2907:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2843:Mangalabulan
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2814:
2792:
2778:
2761:, the third
2736:
2708:supernatural
2697:
2687:
2634:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2584:wayang kulit
2580:in Javanese
2539:
2532:
2526:
2480:
2441:
2439:
2330:Culture hero
2174:West African
2112:Proto-Uralic
1954:Californian
1910:Mesopotamian
1844:
1555:Coat of arms
1421:Confucianism
1394:Christianity
1359:
1301:(since 1998)
1298:
950:Arjunawiwaha
922:Tua Pek Kong
841:Wayang menak
836:Wayang panji
831:Wayang purwa
624:Orang Pendek
619:Orang bunian
484:Batara Sambu
316:Batara Sambu
158:
141:
135:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
4409:Batara Kala
4386:Wewe Gombel
4346:Jailangkung
4321:Batara Kala
4316:Babi ngepet
3952:Wewe Gombel
3867:Sawan Sarap
3712:Jailangkung
3582:Babi Ngepet
3577:Asu Panting
3427:Dewi Lanjar
3407:Batara Kala
3402:Batara Guru
3313:portmanteau
3309:Minangkabau
3289:Minangkabau
3267:data sawala
3260:Hana caraka
3152:Java island
3146:beliefs of
3114:Sangkuriang
3091:Parahyangan
2999:the Creator
2995:Puang Matua
2936:Naga Padoha
2932:Naga Padoha
2920:Naga Padoha
2900:Batara Guru
2886:Naga Padoha
2878:Naga Padoha
2839:Batara Guru
2827:Naga Padoha
2677:Minangkabau
2578:Mahabharata
2534:Mahabharata
1929:Algonquian
1915:Micronesian
1808:Anglo-Saxon
1631:Mythologies
1399:Catholicism
1233:Prehistoric
1037:Smaradahana
995:Mahabharata
869:Jailangkung
766:Babi ngepet
744:Wewe Gombel
679:Sangkuriang
659:Raden Panji
639:Penanggalan
609:Na Tuk Kong
564:Jailangkung
514:Dewi Lanjar
494:Calon Arang
479:Batara Kala
474:Batara Guru
336:Dewi Lanjar
311:Batara Kala
306:Batara Guru
268:Sapta Darma
4633:Categories
4525:Lembuswana
4507:Kalimantan
4439:Setesuyara
4341:Keong Emas
4117:2006-09-06
3959:References
3892:Sigulambak
3872:Setan Alas
3782:Kuntilanak
3727:Jerangkong
3502:Orang Bati
3472:Lembuswana
3108:Sundanese
3087:svargaloka
3037:Fumeripits
2952:incestuous
2785:Kaharingan
2751:earthquake
2574:Punakawans
2523:Hindu gods
2363:Euhemerism
2169:Vietnamese
2102:Polynesian
2097:Philippine
2075:Talamancan
1905:Melanesian
1875:Lusitanian
1845:Indonesian
1706:Cantabrian
1671:Lithuanian
1498:Television
1464:Literature
1331:Traditions
724:Sunan Ambu
699:Setesuyara
584:Kuntilanak
579:Keong Emas
519:Dewi Ratih
504:Damarwulan
421:Sunan Ambu
411:Setesuyara
341:Dewi Ratih
238:Kaharingan
159:Indonesian
109:April 2012
79:newspapers
4584:Hainuwele
4530:Pontianak
4331:Genderuwa
4001:Indonesia
3937:Tallu Ana
3862:Sandekala
3757:Kandoleng
3687:Hantu Air
3677:Hanga Igi
3667:Genderuwo
3602:Begu Ture
3567:Anak Sima
3562:Anja Anja
3522:Ratu Adil
3442:Hainuwele
3366:Palembang
3192:volcanoes
3071:Sundanese
2989:, called
2959:Lake Toba
2924:Mula Jadi
2912:Mula Jadi
2893:sacrifice
2882:Mula Jadi
2863:Mula Jadi
2859:Mula Jadi
2855:Mula Jadi
2851:Mula Jadi
2835:Mula Jadi
2755:palm tree
2720:ancestral
2693:ancestors
2508:Sundanese
2395:Symbolism
2335:Folk hero
2235:Creatures
2230:Creations
2054:Puebloan
1938:Blackfoot
1840:Hungarian
1691:Brazilian
1622:Mythology
1523:Monuments
1360:Mythology
1321:Languages
1299:Reformasi
1022:Pararaton
990:La Galigo
917:Ratu Boko
912:Prambanan
907:Mt. Tidar
897:Borobudur
709:Si Pitung
684:Saraswati
669:Ratu Adil
539:Hantu Air
534:Hainuwele
509:Dewi Danu
401:Saraswati
391:Ratu Adil
361:Hainuwele
331:Dewi Danu
161:mythology
4589:O Tokata
4566:Ebu gogo
4540:Sulawesi
4424:Kala Rau
4326:Dewi Sri
4188:29 March
4141:29 March
4074:Archived
3887:Si Belis
3882:Si Baung
3827:Patitong
3822:Parakang
3812:Matianak
3807:Mariaban
3767:Kemamang
3737:Kalimpau
3657:Drubiksa
3637:Den Bisu
3437:Ebu Gogo
3432:Dewi Sri
3392:Antaboga
3230:Scythian
3211:Aji Saka
3168:Mahameru
3144:Javanese
3132:Javanese
3110:folklore
3099:Dewi Sri
2980:Torajans
2847:Soripada
2747:babirusa
2739:Sulawesi
2590:Pandawas
2562:Dewi Sri
2554:kinnaras
2528:Ramayana
2516:Buddhist
2504:Balinese
2500:Javanese
2484:Torajans
2400:Theology
2368:Folklore
2347:See also
2207:National
2197:Creation
2122:Romanian
2082:Ossetian
2070:Selk'nam
2038:Ho-Chunk
2010:Iroquois
1885:Malagasy
1855:Japanese
1793:Frankish
1788:Germanic
1783:Georgian
1768:Etruscan
1763:Estonian
1753:Egyptian
1731:Scottish
1696:Buddhist
1675:Prussian
1648:Armenian
1638:Albanian
1416:Buddhism
1411:Hinduism
1381:Religion
1364:folklore
1228:Timeline
1189:a series
1187:Part of
1093:See also
1075:Funerals
761:Antaboga
629:O Tokata
594:Langsuir
529:Ebu Gogo
524:Dewi Sri
469:Bidadari
464:Aji Saka
346:Dewi Sri
296:Antaboga
253:Parmalim
165:folklore
4594:Suanggi
4492:Cindaku
4472:Pelesit
4454:Sumatra
4351:Jenglot
4296:Kejawèn
3907:Suanggi
3902:Si Sato
3897:Siluman
3772:Kiciwis
3722:Jenglot
3642:Dhengen
3627:Cinunuk
3572:Aru-Aru
3462:Kinnara
3422:Cindaku
3372:Deities
3254:pangram
3122:Bandung
2987:animism
2954:union.
2789:animism
2728:Kejawen
2665:Sumatra
2639:to the
2626:Bathala
2614:devatas
2570:Lakshmi
2550:apsaras
2542:devatas
2458:deities
2285:Sources
2270:Objects
2258:Culture
2254:Heroes
2240:Deities
2159:Tibetan
2092:Persian
1990:Guarani
1980:Choctaw
1975:Chilote
1933:Abenaki
1870:Lugbara
1850:Italian
1835:Hittite
1825:Guanche
1773:Finnish
1758:English
1743:Chinese
1721:Cornish
1701:Catalan
1667:Latvian
1643:Arabian
1543:Symbols
1426:Judaism
1371:Cuisine
1218:History
1081:Tau tau
1069:Rencong
1027:Pustaha
801:Taksaka
791:Hanoman
755:Animals
719:Suanggi
664:Raksasa
634:Pelesit
569:Jenglot
454:Acintya
386:Raksasa
366:Hanoman
286:Acintya
280:Deities
243:Kejawèn
93:scholar
4576:Maluku
4520:Kuyang
4444:Twalen
4434:Rangda
4404:Barong
4361:Pocong
4164:
4052:
3942:Tetelo
3917:Suluah
3877:Siampa
3857:Rangda
3852:Rabing
3832:Pocong
3802:Longga
3792:Lampor
3787:Kuyang
3762:Keblek
3707:Inyiak
3702:Homang
3662:Gebluk
3622:Cibbiu
3544:Demons
3457:Garuda
3397:Barong
3317:minang
3219:denawa
3200:Semeru
3184:Brahma
3180:turtle
3176:Vishnu
3164:Vishnu
3160:Brahma
3095:hyangs
2969:Toraja
2871:Asiasi
2867:Asiasi
2824:dragon
2793:kamang
2763:avatar
2759:Varaha
2741:, the
2730:, and
2716:divine
2712:Hyangs
2661:angels
2653:demons
2649:devils
2630:Diwata
2622:Batari
2618:Batara
2610:dewata
2564:, and
2546:asuras
2496:Dayaks
2492:Bataks
2454:demons
2280:Places
2250:Floods
2212:Origin
2179:Yoruba
2164:Turkic
2142:Talysh
2137:Somali
2132:Slavic
2087:Papuan
2048:Pawnee
2043:Lakota
2020:Muisca
1963:Ohlone
1943:Lenape
1920:Mongol
1900:Meitei
1880:Maasai
1865:Korean
1813:Gothic
1778:French
1716:Breton
1711:Celtic
1681:Basque
1663:Baltic
1658:Berber
1503:Cinema
1314:People
1191:on the
1064:Kujang
902:Kraton
879:Ziarah
874:Pawang
808:Rangda
786:Garuda
781:Ganesa
771:Barong
739:Twalen
649:Pocong
644:Petruk
589:Kuyang
489:Brahma
448:Beings
356:Garuda
351:Ganesa
321:Brahma
301:Barong
258:Pemena
248:Marapu
137:Wayang
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
4604:Papua
4515:Hudoq
4497:Cigau
4429:Leyak
4419:Hyang
4376:Tuyul
4366:Semar
4336:Hyang
4292:Hantu
3947:Tuyul
3912:Suluh
3752:Kambe
3682:Hantu
3652:Dompe
3477:Nabau
3452:Hyang
3447:Hudoq
3417:Cigau
3387:Ahool
3382:Allah
3342:Malay
3331:Malay
3321:kabau
3226:India
3204:Shiva
3172:India
3156:Shiva
3083:Indra
3079:Shiva
3055:Sunda
3045:Papua
3041:Asmat
3025:Asmat
2817:Batak
2799:Batak
2781:Dayak
2769:Dayak
2749:. An
2743:earth
2669:Malay
2657:jinns
2637:Islam
2598:devas
2558:Semar
2512:Hindu
2469:, or
2467:Islam
2463:Hindu
2373:Epics
2325:Twins
2303:Deity
2275:Pairs
2224:Lists
2202:Flood
2191:Types
2117:Roman
2005:Inuit
1995:Haida
1985:Creek
1970:Chaná
1958:Miwok
1950:Aztec
1895:Mbuti
1890:Māori
1860:Kongo
1830:Hindu
1820:Greek
1803:Norse
1736:Welsh
1726:Irish
1686:Bantu
1514:Sport
1493:Radio
1485:Media
1471:Music
1389:Islam
1099:Hantu
927:Turgo
864:Dukun
859:Bomoh
776:Burak
749:Wisnu
734:Tuyul
694:Semar
559:Ifrit
554:Hudoq
549:Hyang
431:Wisnu
376:Hyang
371:Hudoq
100:JSTOR
86:books
4396:Bali
4308:Java
4272:Adat
4190:2012
4162:ISBN
4143:2012
4050:ISBN
3797:Leak
3188:naga
3162:and
3142:The
3049:tifa
3003:aluk
2991:aluk
2845:and
2815:The
2779:The
2704:Bali
2702:and
2700:Java
2675:and
2673:Aceh
2659:and
2628:and
2606:devi
2602:dewi
2594:dewa
2531:and
2506:and
2488:Nias
2440:The
2313:Type
2263:Folk
2152:Thai
2127:Sámi
2063:Zuni
2058:Hopi
2015:Maya
2000:Inca
1748:Efik
1550:Flag
1473:and
1362:and
1059:Kris
796:Naga
714:Siwa
599:Leak
459:Agni
416:Siwa
291:Agni
233:Iban
188:Adat
163:and
72:news
3732:Jin
3364:in
3315:of
2718:or
2608:),
2600:),
2456:or
2147:Tai
1440:Art
574:Jin
55:by
4635::
4298:•
4294:•
4290:•
4286:•
4282:•
4278:•
4274:•
4105:.
4008:^
3966:^
3556:.
3327:.
3206:.
2997:,
2902:,
2841:,
2734:.
2726:,
2671:,
2667:,
2655:,
2651:,
2643:,
2632:.
2560:,
2548:,
2544:,
2502:,
2494:,
2490:,
2486:,
2473:.
2465:,
1673:-
1669:-
4248:e
4241:t
4234:v
4192:.
4170:.
4145:.
4120:.
4058:.
2612:(
2604:(
2596:(
2514:-
2429:e
2422:t
2415:v
1677:)
1665:(
1607:e
1600:t
1593:v
1173:e
1166:t
1159:v
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
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