607:
143:
470:
122:
612:
611:
608:
613:
610:
609:
917:
1716:
960:
457:
The tooth was found to belong to a young individual, which might possibly be a male, and is the largest tooth known from the species. This might be due to
1780:
1703:
1800:
1795:
1770:
1790:
953:
1785:
946:
503:
of some species. These species are usually established based on poor remains, where the presence of sexual dimorphism,
928:
Abella J, Valenciano A, Pérez-Ramos A, Montoya P, Morales J (2013) On the Socio-Sexual
Behaviour of the Extinct Ursid
1655:
142:
1358:
442:
932:: An Approach Based on Its Baculum Size and Morphology. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73711. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073711
833:
491:, however, most of them are known from fragmentary remains which leaves us with insufficient knowledge of the
1485:
1604:
555:
1805:
1775:
1671:
634:
508:
446:
1742:
1495:
1436:
478:
1584:
1634:
641:
1146:
1034:
894:
1614:
1046:
787:
1348:
1100:
1076:
871:
511:
is not taken into account, resulting in a number of species whose taxonomic validity is doubted.
496:
137:
1066:
1747:
1729:
1721:
1338:
722:
579:
469:
458:
1734:
1564:
1534:
1250:
745:
862:
MacDonald, J. R. (1959). "The Middle
Pliocene Mammalian Fauna from Smiths Valley, Nevada".
1554:
1524:
504:
938:
1624:
1594:
1544:
1507:
751:
571:
1764:
1574:
1313:
1228:
1219:
659:
438:
381:
217:
79:
1403:
1377:
1281:
1240:
1022:
895:"Late Miocene Indarctos (Carnivora: Ursidae) from Kalmakpai Locality in Kazakhstan"
795:
778:
768:
740:
709:
587:
543:
500:
488:
243:
17:
1465:
1413:
1303:
1158:
1086:
1056:
799:
791:
772:
420:
121:
54:
1694:
487:
is known from several species spread widely across
Eurasia, North America, and
1475:
1425:
1325:
1293:
1168:
1132:
1009:
969:
783:
731:
726:
713:
697:
595:
575:
547:
415:
99:
64:
1186:
1003:
762:
755:
736:
521:
194:
154:
104:
48:
402:
1688:
1393:
1198:
1122:
1112:
997:
991:
567:
559:
174:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
582:
adaptations. Evolutionary features such as this led to the migration of
1708:
1449:
1270:
1208:
973:
875:
803:
648:
618:
492:
411:
393:
109:
84:
41:
985:
812:
718:
673:
669:
385:
184:
164:
1665:
684:
605:
551:
468:
397:
377:
705:
539:
534:: This species is the geologically youngest and last species of
389:
204:
1669:
942:
546:, across Eurasia. It is known from the Karabulak formation of
704:
is known from the
Karabulak formation which dates to 6.3–6.5
811:
lived in was mild and arid. It was a habitat of wide, open
839:[A New Species of *Indarctos* from Baode, China]
461:
since extant male bears are larger than the females.
418:. In North America this animal was contemporary with
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1432:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1204:
1194:
1183:
1164:
1154:
1143:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1097:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1042:
1031:
1019:
570:
and bigger in size. Based on the resemblance of its
1678:
1505:
1448:
1423:
1376:
1323:
1280:
1227:
1218:
1182:
1142:
1096:
1030:
1018:
586:-like bears into North America. At the end of the
414:(~11.1—7.7 Ma) and youngest is (~9.0—5.3 Ma) from
514:The following are some species of this genus:
954:
453:. In 2017 it was re examined and assigned to
8:
647:Withlacoochee River Site 4A, Marion County,
1666:
1513:
1454:
1382:
1320:
1224:
1027:
961:
947:
939:
120:
31:
832:Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; Tedford, R. H. (2003).
524:diet, and it was ancestral to the later
834:"Shānxī bǎo dé yìndù xióngyīxīn zhǒng"
824:
538:. It had a wide distribution 6.3–6.5
7:
889:
887:
885:
449:in 1988 was tentatively assigned to
396:. It was present from ~11.1 to 5.3
741:Hyaenictitherium hyaenoides orlovi
598:as the last species of its genus.
566:, but unlike its ancestor, it was
25:
796:Paleotragus (Yuorlovia) asiaticus
1781:Miocene mammals of North America
562:. It descended from the earlier
477:(left) and other animals of the
445:1839/km-83) discovered from the
299:(Villalta & Crusafont, 1943)
141:
428:Discovery, history and taxonomy
629:Some sites and specimen ages:
1:
1801:Prehistoric carnivoran genera
1796:Prehistoric mammals of Europe
1771:Fossil taxa described in 1913
602:Distribution and paleoecology
400:, existing for approximately
683:Batallones-3, Madrid Basin,
712:). It coexisted with three
1822:
1656:Category:Prehistoric bears
792:Samotherium cf. irtyshense
727:Plesiogulo crassa Teilhard
578:, it possibly had similar
410:The oldest member is from
1791:Miocene mammals of Africa
1652:
1516:
1457:
1385:
980:
283:(Qiu & Tedford, 2003)
268:
263:
249:
242:
138:Scientific classification
136:
128:
119:
34:
835:
747:Amphimachairodus kurteni
1786:Miocene mammals of Asia
1486:Helarctos sinomalayanus
864:Journal of Paleontology
773:Sinotherium zaisanensis
574:to those of the modern
972:members of the family
845:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
788:Procapreolus latifrons
784:Cervavitus novorossiae
635:Lipscomb County, Texas
626:
592:Indarctos punjabiensis
481:
355:(Merriam et al., 1916)
27:Extinct genus of bears
1743:Paleobiology Database
809:Indarctos punjabensis
757:Hipparion hippidiodus
616:
556:Dhon Pathan formation
520:: This species had a
479:Rattlesnake Formation
472:
253:Indarctos salmontanus
807:). The climate that
691:) ~11.6—5.3 Ma.
655:) ~10.3—4.9 Ma.
642:Grant County, Oregon
509:individual variation
380:of bear, endemic to
1605:U. sackdillingensis
930:Indarctos arctoides
804:Gazella dorcadoides
680:) ~9.7—8.7 Ma.
447:Karabulak formation
18:Indarctos arctoides
1496:Melursus theobaldi
1359:A. wulingshanensis
644:~10.3—4.9 Ma.
640:Rattlesnake site,
627:
482:
1758:
1757:
1730:Open Tree of Life
1672:Taxon identifiers
1663:
1662:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1444:
1443:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1178:
1177:
918:Batallones-3 site
637:~9.3—9.2 Ma.
614:
505:paleogeographical
459:sexual dimorphism
369:
368:
364:
363:(Macdonald, 1959)
356:
348:
340:
332:
331:(Weithofer, 1888)
324:
316:
315:(Weithofer, 1888)
308:
300:
292:
284:
276:
238:
16:(Redirected from
1813:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1737:
1725:
1724:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1667:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1514:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1455:
1434:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1383:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1225:
1206:
1196:
1185:
1166:
1156:
1145:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1099:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1033:
1028:
1021:
963:
956:
949:
940:
933:
926:
920:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
891:
880:
879:
859:
853:
852:
842:
829:
769:Chilotherium sp.
737:Adcrocuta eximia
615:
424:(~10.3—3.3 Ma).
406:
362:
354:
346:
339:(Kovachev, 1988)
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
275:(Lydekker, 1884)
274:
236:
229:
216:
146:
145:
124:
114:
51:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1640:
1501:
1440:
1419:
1364:
1319:
1276:
1214:
1174:
1138:
1092:
1014:
976:
967:
937:
936:
927:
923:
916:
912:
903:
901:
893:
892:
883:
861:
860:
856:
840:
837:
831:
830:
826:
821:
800:Tragoportax sp.
702:I. punjabiensis
695:
665:~9—5.3 Ma.
606:
604:
532:I. punjabiensis
473:Restoration of
467:
455:I. punjabensis.
441:(designated to
435:
430:
401:
357:
349:
347:(Zdansky, 1924)
341:
333:
325:
323:(Pilgrim, 1913)
317:
309:
307:(Deperet, 1895)
301:
293:
291:(Zdansky, 1924)
285:
277:
272:I. punjabiensis
259:
256:
235:
227:
214:
140:
115:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
46:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1739:
1726:
1713:
1700:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1342:
1331:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1233:
1231:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1147:Phoberocyonini
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1039:
1037:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
981:
978:
977:
968:
966:
965:
958:
951:
943:
935:
934:
921:
910:
881:
870:(5): 872–887.
854:
823:
822:
820:
817:
752:perissodactyls
700:, the species
693:
692:
681:
668:Yulafli (CY),
666:
656:
645:
638:
603:
600:
526:I. punjabensis
507:variation and
475:I. oregonensis
466:
463:
434:
431:
429:
426:
376:is an extinct
367:
366:
352:I. oregonensis
320:I. salmontanus
312:I. anthracitis
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
247:
246:
240:
239:
225:
221:
220:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
134:
133:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
52:
47:11.1–5.3
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1818:
1807:
1806:Ailuropodinae
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:Miocene bears
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1585:U. pyrenaicus
1579:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1565:U. kudarensis
1559:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1535:U. dolinensis
1529:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1437:T. floridanus
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1314:Kretzoiarctos
1308:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1229:Agriotheriini
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:Ailuropodinae
1217:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1035:Cephalogalini
1029:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
999:
995:
993:
989:
987:
983:
982:
979:
975:
971:
964:
959:
957:
952:
950:
945:
944:
941:
931:
925:
922:
919:
914:
911:
900:
896:
890:
888:
886:
882:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
855:
851:(4): 278–288.
850:
846:
838:
828:
825:
818:
816:
814:
810:
806:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
774:
770:
765:
764:
759:
758:
753:
749:
748:
744:
742:
738:
733:
729:
728:
724:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
690:
686:
682:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:
661:
660:Yunnan, China
657:
654:
653:Indarctos sp.
650:
646:
643:
639:
636:
632:
631:
630:
624:
620:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
495:, lifestyle,
494:
490:
486:
480:
476:
471:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
432:
427:
425:
423:
422:
417:
413:
408:
405:million years
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:North America
379:
375:
374:
365:
361:
360:I. nevadensis
353:
345:
337:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
281:
273:
267:
262:
258:Pilgrim, 1913
255:
254:
248:
245:
241:
237:Pilgrim, 1913
234:
233:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:Agriotheriini
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
50:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1679:
1654:
1635:U. vitabilis
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1555:U. ingressus
1553:
1543:
1533:
1525:U. deningeri
1523:
1506:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1435:
1424:
1412:
1404:Arctotherium
1402:
1392:
1378:Tremarctinae
1357:
1347:
1337:
1324:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:Ailuropodini
1269:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1241:Agriotherium
1239:
1207:
1197:
1167:
1157:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1047:Adelpharctos
1045:
1023:Hemicyoninae
929:
924:
913:
902:. Retrieved
898:
867:
863:
857:
848:
844:
827:
808:
782:
779:artiodactyls
767:
761:
756:
746:
735:
723:Promeles sp.
717:
710:Late Miocene
701:
694:
689:I. arctoides
688:
678:I. arctoides
677:
663:(I. atticus)
662:
652:
633:Box T Site,
628:
623:I. arctoides
622:
591:
588:Late Miocene
583:
564:I. arctoides
563:
544:Late Miocene
535:
531:
530:
525:
518:I. arctoides
517:
516:
513:
501:paleoecology
489:North Africa
484:
483:
474:
454:
451:Indarctos sp
450:
436:
419:
409:
372:
371:
370:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
304:I. arctoides
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
269:
252:
251:
244:Type species
231:
230:
129:
35:
29:
1625:U. spelaeus
1595:U. rossicus
1545:U. etruscus
1466:Aurorarctos
1414:Plionarctos
1304:Ailurarctos
1159:Phoberocyon
1101:Hemicyonini
1087:Phoberogale
1077:Filholictis
1057:Cephalogale
542:during the
522:herbivorous
433:Discoveries
421:Plionarctos
392:during the
344:I. lagrelli
336:I. bakalovi
288:I. sinensis
280:I. zdanskyi
1765:Categories
1575:U. minimus
1476:Protarctos
1426:Tremarctos
1349:A. microta
1326:Ailuropoda
1294:Agriarctos
1169:Plithocyon
1133:Zaragocyon
1067:Cyonarctos
1010:Caniformia
1008:Suborder:
904:2020-12-22
899:www.zin.ru
836:山西保德印度熊一新种
819:References
777:, and six
763:H. elegans
698:Kazakhstan
576:brown bear
568:omnivorous
548:Kazakhstan
416:Kazakhstan
328:I. atticus
130:I. atticus
1680:Indarctos
1615:U. savini
1339:A. baconi
1261:Indarctos
1187:Ursavinae
1004:Carnivora
984:Kingdom:
732:feliforms
730:), three
719:Martes sp
714:mustelids
584:Indarctos
580:locomotor
572:forelimbs
536:Indarctos
485:Indarctos
373:Indarctos
296:I. vireti
232:Indarctos
195:Carnivora
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
36:Indarctos
1695:Q2892917
1689:Wikidata
1394:Arctodus
1199:Ballusia
1123:Hemicyon
1113:Dinocyon
998:Mammalia
992:Chordata
990:Phylum:
986:Animalia
750:), four
658:Lufeng,
560:Pakistan
558:of Indo-
554:and the
497:taxonomy
264:Species
201:Family:
185:Mammalia
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
1735:3612656
1722:1035200
1709:4833633
1450:Ursinae
1271:Miomaci
1251:Huracan
1209:Ursavus
1002:Order:
996:Class:
974:Ursidae
970:Extinct
876:1300922
813:steppes
649:Florida
619:baculum
596:extinct
493:anatomy
465:Species
412:Arizona
394:Miocene
224:Genus:
211:Tribe:
205:Ursidae
191:Order:
181:Class:
42:Miocene
874:
674:Turkey
670:Thrace
386:Europe
132:skull
1748:41315
1717:IRMNG
1508:Ursus
872:JSTOR
841:(PDF)
685:Spain
621:from
594:went
552:China
550:, to
439:molar
378:genus
1704:GBIF
499:and
390:Asia
388:and
55:PreꞒ
721:.,
696:In
443:MNA
403:6.2
1767::
1745::
1732::
1719::
1706::
1691::
897:.
884:^
868:33
866:.
849:41
847:.
843:.
815:.
802:,
798:,
794:,
790:,
786:,
771:,
766:,
760:,
739:,
725:,
706:Ma
672:,
617:A
590:,
540:Ma
528:.
437:A
407:.
398:Ma
384:,
105:Pg
49:Ma
44:,
1631:†
1621:†
1611:†
1601:†
1591:†
1581:†
1571:†
1561:†
1551:†
1541:†
1531:†
1521:†
1492:†
1482:†
1472:†
1462:†
1433:†
1410:†
1400:†
1390:†
1355:†
1345:†
1335:†
1310:†
1300:†
1290:†
1267:†
1257:†
1247:†
1237:†
1205:†
1195:†
1184:†
1165:†
1155:†
1144:†
1129:†
1119:†
1109:†
1098:†
1083:†
1073:†
1063:†
1053:†
1043:†
1032:†
1020:†
962:e
955:t
948:v
907:.
878:.
781:(
775:)
754:(
743:,
734:(
716:(
708:(
687:(
676:(
651:(
625:.
358:†
350:†
342:†
334:†
326:†
318:†
310:†
302:†
294:†
286:†
278:†
270:†
250:†
228:†
215:†
110:N
100:K
95:J
90:T
85:P
80:C
75:D
70:S
65:O
60:Ꞓ
20:)
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