154:
582:
598:
475:
1100:
1072:. However, unlike county-equivalents in the other 49 states, the boroughs do not cover the entire land area of the state. The area not territory of any borough is referred to as the Unorganized Borough, although it does not have its own local government. The Census Bureau divides the Unorganized Borough into several census areas which it treats as county equivalents for statistical purposes.
27:
921:), in which the city and county (or, as in Louisiana, a parish; or as in Alaska, a borough) governments have been merged. A consolidated city-county differs from an independent city in that the city and county both nominally exist, although they have a consolidated government, whereas in an independent city, the county does not even nominally exist.
540:. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name.
681:
in their names; politically, however, they are counties. The independent cities were formed to centralize trading and legal matters as the older system of merchant ships cruising from plantation to plantation was inefficient. The colonial capital of
876:
in 1969, and the county was simultaneously dissolved. Debates about consolidating Carson City and Ormsby County began in the 1940s, and it required Nevada voters to approve a state constitutional amendment in 1968 to allow the
503:
626:
of an adjacent county, even though the city by definition is not part of that county. Some other
Virginia municipalities, even though they may be more populous than some existing independent cities, are
268:
622:. Virginia's thirty-eight independent cities are not politically part of a county, even though geographically they may be completely surrounded by one. An independent city in Virginia may serve as the
1041:). Counties in southern New England still have a nominal existence, and so no city or town in those three states is truly separate from a county, although the town and the county of
731:
496:
1538:
614:, all municipalities incorporated as "cities" have been "independent cities", also called "free cities", since 1871, when a revised state constitution took effect following the
161:
631:. These towns always form part of a county. Incorporated towns have limited powers, varying by each charter. They typically share many aspects such as courts and public
489:
44:
1435:
207:
638:
In the
Commonwealth of Virginia, there are two classes of city. The primary difference relates to the court system. A first-class city (e.g., Richmond) has its own
1690:
1582:
1011:
government for the city, although city laws can be overridden by
Congress. In practice, the city operates much like other independent cities in the United States.
322:
1528:
409:
1333:
961:
356:
1543:
1069:
400:
260:
153:
298:
272:
1033:) have almost no governmental institutions or roles associated with them (aside from serving as a basis for court districts, along with demarcating
1004:
572:
215:
91:
1490:
576:
446:
388:
63:
714:, became extinct in 1952 when it was consolidated politically by mutual consent with the small City of Hampton, its county seat, and the
1560:
70:
1589:
1512:
992:
711:
396:
110:
646:. A second-class city (e.g. Norton or Emporia) has its own District Courts, but not its own Circuit Court. As a second-class city,
1017:
traditionally have very strong governments, while counties have correspondingly less importance. Today, most counties in southern
1473:
1468:
1452:
1326:
1289:
417:
264:
194:
190:
77:
1669:
707:
699:
639:
1507:
1113:
1008:
48:
59:
1553:
1502:
1497:
1054:
996:
972:
859:
703:
687:
348:
290:
247:
1171:
1397:
524:
or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the
1664:
1485:
1319:
1141:
1061:
691:
590:
525:
438:
256:
1447:
1172:"Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas; Change Notice No. 7"
984:
940:
925:
889:
855:
815:
762:
227:
223:
37:
1572:
1480:
1420:
1159:
176:
1404:
1387:
1034:
929:
906:
833:
819:
796:
786:
752:
651:
611:
548:
533:
327:
280:
1565:
1000:
980:
967:
Washington, D.C., which has a special status as the U.S. capital. It is not part of any state; instead, the
957:
792:
758:
335:
251:
84:
1610:
1533:
837:
778:
655:
643:
586:
521:
343:
243:
129:
1620:
1594:
933:
873:
683:
430:
392:
1615:
1342:
988:
968:
800:
768:
479:
372:
865:
811:
560:
459:
1646:
1625:
1442:
1430:
1219:
878:
772:
674:
670:
615:
211:
203:
581:
1137:
976:
829:
823:
782:
748:
740:
719:
715:
658:
shares a
Circuit Court with adjacent Arlington County. In Virginia, a District Court is not a
647:
628:
537:
529:
1367:
1267:
1014:
939:
A "federated" city-county multi-tiered type of government such as applies between Miami and
695:
185:
474:
1577:
1357:
1118:
1105:
659:
632:
597:
451:
421:
1155:
686:
was created for this reason, being a port on the James River. Two of these counties are
1377:
1080:
1076:
314:
1293:
979:. The District was originally divided into three independent cities and two counties.
1684:
1425:
1053:
used to provide both the complete governance and the complete revenue of its county,
1046:
1030:
947:
910:
619:
141:
1197:
1651:
1641:
1372:
1038:
1026:
914:
744:
736:
Former independent cities, now extinct, that were long extant in
Virginia include:
1392:
1022:
1018:
952:
663:
623:
26:
593:. All cities in Virginia are independent from the counties that surround them.
1362:
1311:
1175:
1095:
836:
in 1952, was in 1958 consolidated by mutual agreement with the newly expanded
694:, whose names originated with earlier "incorporations" created in 1619 by the
464:
172:
761:, which gave up its city charter in 2001, and is now an incorporated town in
551:
makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside
Virginia are
1042:
885:
851:
556:
552:
995:
to
Virginia in 1846. The three remaining entities (the City of Washington,
669:
Three older
Virginia counties, whose origins go back to the original eight
1245:
544:
563:. Baltimore is the most populous independent city in the United States.
1068:. Alaska is not divided into counties, but has near-equivalents called
1065:
1050:
918:
869:
219:
818:
in 1972, was merged in 1974 with the then-City of
Suffolk and three
1057:, although Suffolk County also includes three much smaller cities.
580:
1382:
1315:
718:. These merged entities became the current independent city of
20:
1290:"2010 FIPS Codes for Counties and County Equivalent Entities"
807:
Two other independent cities existed only for a short time:
1138:
892:
in 1876 after voters approved secession from the county.
781:, which gave up its city charter in 1994, and is now an
1224:
Maryland Manual On-Line: A Guide to Maryland Government
1083:. The Census Bureau classifies these municipalities as
1049:(on the island of that name), are coterminous, and the
822:
within the county's former boundaries, to form today's
771:, which was consolidated by mutual agreement with the
732:
List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia
532:" and may also have similar governmental powers to a
1075:
A city or village in Ohio may be independent of any
960:, each of which is territorially coterminous with a
928:, that is completely metropolitan but only contains
1634:
1603:
1521:
1461:
1413:
1350:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1003:) were merged into a consolidated government by
601:Top 10 most populated cities in Virginia (2010).
975:in accordance with Article 1, Section 8 of the
1079:because it is more or less coextensive with a
520:is a city that is not in the territory of any
1327:
543:Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in
497:
16:Cities not belonging to any particular county
8:
897:Other entities similar to independent cities
1334:
1320:
1312:
956:jurisdiction: the city is made up of five
504:
490:
122:
1198:"Cities and Towns: Geography of Virginia"
722:, one of the largest cities of Virginia.
710:, which was originally part of the older
662:, so all cases are heard by a judge; all
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
901:An independent city is not the same as:
596:
1130:
573:List of cities and counties in Virginia
380:
364:
306:
235:
160:
140:
1691:Local government in the United States
1151:
1149:
934:incorporated cities or municipalities
60:"Independent city" United States
7:
577:Administrative divisions of Virginia
49:adding citations to reliable sources
924:A highly urbanized county, such as
832:, which was formed from the former
14:
971:is under the jurisdiction of the
635:with the county they are within.
1453:Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area
1098:
881:to perform such a consolidation.
473:
152:
25:
1670:Office of Management and Budget
1015:Cities and towns in New England
36:needs additional citations for
1508:New England city and town area
1268:"A Brief History of St. Louis"
1114:Home rule in the United States
987:) and the independent city of
666:are heard in a Circuit Court.
1:
1503:Micropolitan statistical area
1498:Metropolitan statistical area
1007:. Congress has established a
973:Congress of the United States
860:Maryland Constitution of 1851
1398:United States Virgin Islands
1156:Cities 101 -- Consolidations
650:shares a Circuit Court with
1486:Core-based statistical area
1142:United States Census Bureau
591:James City County, Virginia
585:Sign marking the limits of
526:United States Census Bureau
323:Cities, towns, and villages
216:Alaska Native tribal entity
1707:
1590:State legislative district
1448:Off-reservation trust land
1220:"Baltimore City, Maryland"
1005:an act of Congress in 1871
941:Miami-Dade County, Florida
930:unincorporated communities
926:Arlington County, Virginia
890:St. Louis County, Missouri
858:since the adoption of the
856:Baltimore County, Maryland
814:, created from the former
729:
570:
228:Tribal Jurisdictional Area
224:Off-reservation trust land
1660:
1573:Public use microdata area
1481:Combined statistical area
1421:Alaska Native corporation
1226:. Maryland State Archives
1160:National League of Cities
516:In the United States, an
1469:Primary statistical area
1405:ZIP Code Tabulation Area
1388:Northern Mariana Islands
1060:Cities and towns in the
1035:National Weather Service
962:county of New York State
907:consolidated city-county
612:Commonwealth of Virginia
534:consolidated city-county
328:Coterminous municipality
281:Consolidated city-county
128:This article is part of
1270:. The City of St. Louis
854:has been separate from
747:in 2013, and is now an
677:, have or had the word
357:State-recognized tribes
336:Census-designated place
1611:Census county division
1529:Congressional district
1174:. 2001. Archived from
673:formed in 1634 in the
602:
594:
587:Williamsburg, Virginia
410:Congressional district
143:Political divisions of
1621:Traffic analysis zone
1178:on September 29, 2013
708:Elizabeth City County
600:
584:
431:Homeowner association
393:Conservation district
1616:Minor civil division
1343:United States census
1200:. Virginiaplaces.org
969:District of Columbia
872:, consolidated with
838:City of Newport News
820:unincorporated towns
799:in 1963 to form the
795:, which merged with
743:, which gave up its
618:and the creation of
480:United States portal
45:improve this article
1246:"About Carson City"
1062:Unorganized Borough
888:was separated from
688:Charles City County
561:Carson City, Nevada
557:St. Louis, Missouri
553:Baltimore, Maryland
460:Unincorporated area
257:Unorganized Borough
1544:Alaska census area
1443:Hawaiian home land
1431:Indian reservation
1085:independent places
879:Nevada Legislature
801:City of Chesapeake
675:Colony of Virginia
671:shires of Virginia
629:incorporated towns
616:American Civil War
603:
595:
549:state constitution
530:county equivalents
212:Hawaiian home land
204:Indian reservation
1678:
1677:
1595:Urban growth area
1566:Census-designated
1296:on March 12, 2016
1001:Washington County
983:(which now forms
981:Alexandria County
977:U.S. Constitution
886:City of St. Louis
868:, the capital of
852:City of Baltimore
783:incorporated town
749:incorporated town
720:Hampton, Virginia
692:James City County
642:and also its own
538:unitary authority
514:
513:
397:National monument
299:Unorganized atoll
291:Municipality (PR)
145:the United States
121:
120:
113:
95:
1698:
1549:Independent city
1368:Federal District
1336:
1329:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1292:. Archived from
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1101:
985:Arlington County
948:City of New York
816:Nansemond County
773:City of Richmond
763:Alleghany County
712:Elizabeth Cittie
706:. Additionally,
696:Virginia Company
633:school divisions
518:independent city
506:
499:
492:
477:
439:Associated state
418:Special district
286:Independent city
186:Federal district
164:
156:
146:
135:
132:
123:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1656:
1630:
1626:Voting district
1599:
1578:School district
1517:
1457:
1409:
1346:
1340:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1154:
1147:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1119:Urban secession
1106:Maryland portal
1104:
1099:
1097:
1094:
899:
847:
824:City of Suffolk
734:
728:
716:Town of Phoebus
660:court of record
648:City of Fairfax
608:
579:
571:Main articles:
569:
510:
478:
456:
452:Federal enclave
443:
435:
427:
422:school district
414:
406:
389:Protected areas
353:
340:
332:
319:
295:
277:
269:District (USVI)
200:
182:
162:
144:
142:
130:
127:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:American Samoa
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1281:
1259:
1237:
1211:
1189:
1163:
1145:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1081:paper township
1073:
1058:
1055:Suffolk County
1051:City of Boston
1012:
965:
944:
937:
922:
898:
895:
894:
893:
882:
863:
846:
843:
842:
841:
834:Warwick County
827:
805:
804:
797:Norfolk County
790:
787:Halifax County
776:
766:
756:
753:Bedford County
727:
724:
700:Charles Cittie
652:Fairfax County
640:District Court
607:
604:
568:
565:
512:
511:
509:
508:
501:
494:
486:
483:
482:
470:
469:
468:
467:
462:
455:
454:
449:
442:
441:
434:
433:
426:
425:
413:
412:
405:
404:
383:
382:
378:
377:
376:
375:
367:
366:
362:
361:
360:
359:
352:
351:
346:
339:
338:
331:
330:
325:
318:
317:
309:
308:
304:
303:
302:
301:
294:
293:
288:
283:
276:
275:
254:
238:
237:
233:
232:
231:
230:
199:
198:
188:
181:
180:
167:
166:
158:
157:
149:
148:
138:
137:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1703:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:Census Bureau
1663:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Indian colony
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1248:. Carson City
1247:
1241:
1238:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:Massachusetts
1044:
1040:
1039:media markets
1037:warnings and
1036:
1032:
1031:Massachusetts
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
955:
954:
950:, which is a
949:
945:
942:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
920:
916:
912:
911:San Francisco
908:
904:
903:
902:
896:
891:
887:
883:
880:
875:
874:Ormsby County
871:
867:
864:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:
844:
839:
835:
831:
828:
825:
821:
817:
813:
810:
809:
808:
802:
798:
794:
793:South Norfolk
791:
788:
784:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:Clifton Forge
757:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
738:
737:
733:
726:Former cities
725:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:Circuit Court
641:
636:
634:
630:
625:
621:
620:West Virginia
617:
613:
605:
599:
592:
588:
583:
578:
574:
566:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
507:
502:
500:
495:
493:
488:
487:
485:
484:
481:
476:
472:
471:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
453:
450:
448:
447:Military base
445:
444:
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
428:
423:
419:
416:
415:
411:
408:
407:
402:
401:National park
398:
394:
390:
387:
386:
385:
384:
379:
374:
371:
370:
369:
368:
363:
358:
355:
354:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
337:
334:
333:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
316:
313:
312:
311:
310:
305:
300:
297:
296:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
274:
273:District (AS)
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
253:
249:
245:
242:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
201:
196:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
168:
165:
159:
155:
151:
150:
147:
139:
136:
133:
125:
124:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1604:County-level
1548:
1462:Metropolitan
1414:Native areas
1373:Insular area
1298:. Retrieved
1294:the original
1284:
1274:November 11,
1272:. Retrieved
1262:
1252:November 11,
1250:. Retrieved
1240:
1230:November 11,
1228:. Retrieved
1223:
1214:
1204:December 18,
1202:. Retrieved
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1166:
1133:
1084:
1027:Rhode Island
951:
915:Philadelphia
900:
845:Other states
806:
779:South Boston
745:city charter
735:
704:James Cittie
684:Williamsburg
678:
668:
656:Falls Church
637:
609:
542:
517:
515:
365:Fourth level
285:
236:Second level
195:Commonwealth
177:Commonwealth
126:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1647:Block group
1522:State-level
1393:Puerto Rico
1140:, from the
1023:Connecticut
1019:New England
953:sui generis
866:Carson City
664:jury trials
624:county seat
381:Other areas
307:Third level
261:Census area
163:First level
1513:Urban area
1125:References
997:Georgetown
989:Alexandria
769:Manchester
730:See also:
465:Ghost town
101:April 2013
71:newspapers
1554:Municipio
1043:Nantucket
1009:home rule
909:(such as
812:Nansemond
191:Territory
1685:Category
1358:Division
1300:July 29,
1092:See also
1077:township
1070:boroughs
993:returned
958:boroughs
775:in 1910.
654:, while
567:Virginia
547:, whose
545:Virginia
315:Township
265:Villages
131:a series
1351:Regions
1182:May 27,
1158:, from
830:Warwick
741:Bedford
610:In the
606:History
349:Chapter
252:Borough
85:scholar
1534:County
1345:topics
1066:Alaska
1029:, and
999:, and
919:Denver
870:Nevada
559:; and
522:county
344:Barrio
248:Parish
244:County
220:Pueblo
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1652:Tract
1642:Block
1635:Local
1583:lists
1561:Place
1363:State
991:were
932:, no
917:, or
536:or a
173:State
92:JSTOR
78:books
1539:list
1491:list
1474:list
1436:list
1383:Guam
1302:2016
1276:2020
1254:2020
1232:2020
1206:2014
1184:2006
946:The
884:The
850:The
702:and
690:and
679:city
589:and
575:and
528:as "
373:Ward
210:) /
208:list
64:news
1064:of
785:in
751:in
698:as
47:by
1687::
1222:.
1148:^
1045:,
1025:,
913:,
905:A
555:;
399:,
395:,
271:/
267:/
263:/
259:/
250:/
246:/
226:/
222:/
218:/
214:/
134:on
1335:e
1328:t
1321:v
1304:.
1278:.
1256:.
1234:.
1208:.
1186:.
1087:.
1021:(
964:.
943:.
936:.
862:.
840:.
826:.
803:.
789:.
765:.
755:.
505:e
498:t
491:v
424:)
420:(
403:)
391:(
206:(
197:)
193:(
179:)
175:(
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
