600:
454:, and rule by political machines had exacted a costly economic toll on both investors and working people alike. Both the Republican and Democratic parties, were to blame, the Independence Party declared, and it cast itself as the banner-bearer in the effort "to wrest the conduct of public affairs from the hands of selfish interests, political tricksters, and corrupt bosses" and to make government "an agency for the common good."
565:
185:
586:
551:
433:
With the nominations finally complete, convention voting ensued. The first ballot saw a tally of 396 votes for Hisgen, 213 for Graves, 200 for Howard, 71 for Reuben R. Lyon, and 49 for
William Randolph Hearst. A second ballot brought Hisgen to the doorstep of nomination, gathering 590 votes, compared
429:
Only after an extended period of tumult was order restored and
Sheppard ruled out of order on the grounds of having nominated an individual who was not a member of the Independence Party. Sheppard walked from the rostrum under protection of the convention's two sergeants of arms, but was still swung
386:
Although Hisgen was regarded as a favorite to win nomination prior to convocation, the nominating convention's decision was not unanimous nor the nomination process without acrimony, requiring three ballots of the assembled delegates to reach an ultimate decision. The first person nominated was
1178:
410:
into nomination was met with raucous jeering which briefly prevented the speaker from continuing. With order restored, the speaker continued in his effort to formally nominate Bryan, causing an even more fierce explosion of rage and protest, as a report in
772:
421:"A scene of riot immediately followed, several delegates attempting to reach the rostrum for the purpose of offering physical violence to the speaker. 'I intend, if I am allowed to finish, to nominate Mr. William J. Bryan,' said Mr. Sheppard.
430:
at with a cane by a New York delegate as he passed down the aisle, with the New Yorker forcibly restrained. An announcement shortly followed that
Sheppard had been removed as a member of the National Committee of the Independence Party.
425:"The hall broke into a wild uproar, a dozen delegates vainly struggling in the main aisle in an attempt to reach Mr. Sheppard. Canes and fists were shaken at him furiously, while howls of execration went up from all sides of the hall."
765:
758:
378:
Buoyed by the promising results for Thomas Hisgen in
Massachusetts, the Independence League moved to establish a national presence as the Independence Party ahead of the election of 1908 at a convention held in
488:
in content, the platform of the
Independence Party took pains to cast the organization as "a conservative force in American politics, devoted to the preservation of American liberty and independence."
1229:
288:
In the wake of its defeat, the
Municipal Ownership League was replaced by a new political organization with a less socialistically oriented name: the Independence League of New York.
1198:
1244:
188:
Millionaire publisher
William Randolph Hearst was the financial angel of the Independence Party, an organization represented in this contemporary cartoon as his fawning puppet.
434:
to 189 for Graves and 109 for Howard. Only in the early morning hours of
Wednesday, July 29 did Hisgen go over the top, winning the nomination. Graves was chosen as Hisgen's
781:
503:
Hearst ran again for Mayor of New York in 1909, and for lieutenant governor in 1910, but was defeated both times. The New York
Independence League continued to nominate
1239:
1224:
1054:
477:
against striking workers and against the use of prison labor for the production of goods for the marketplace. The organization also favored broad implementation of the
1219:
168:
370:
for second place. Prospects seemed bright for a new national political organization to replace the
Democrats as the chief opposition party in the United States.
1234:
358:
Parallel Independence Leagues were active at the same time in several other states, including California and Massachusetts. In the latter, state party nominee
872:
363:
1097:
1070:
1043:
1016:
1002:
988:
974:
960:
956:
929:
915:
888:
861:
847:
833:
544:
497:
281:
Hearst narrowly missed election, losing to the Democrat by fewer than 3,500 votes out of nearly 600,000 cast between the three candidates, with the
235:
446:
The party platform adopted by the Chicago convention declared that corporate corruption, waste in government spending, the exploitative pricing of
1145:
1081:
790:
This group includes only pre-1996 parties that fielded a candidate that won greater 0.1% of the popular vote in at least one presidential election
1155:
352:
1150:
435:
220:
35:
1193:
1183:
1125:
137:
466:
899:
1249:
1120:
504:
399:
of Massachusetts, who formally placed Hisgen's name into the pool of candidates. This was followed by the nomination of Georgian
367:
300:
395:, placed into consideration by a long-winded speech which drew catcalls. The Howard nomination was followed by a speech by Rev.
1188:
312:
1160:
320:
231:
173:
383:. The gathering was convened on July 27, 1908, in a hall bedecked with patriotic red-white-and-blue bunting and streamers.
163:
31:
344:
292:
124:
234:, and held a national convention to nominate a ticket in 1908. The party garnered only 83,000 votes nationally in the
940:
328:
262:
212:
96:
478:
227:
336:
278:
274:
750:
984:
254:
208:
56:
1135:
921:
636:"William M. Ivins, a Man of Many Facets; A Character Study of the Republican Candidate for the Mayoralty,"
407:
282:
258:
741:
709:
635:
1062:
884:
843:
285:
ultimately deciding the matter in favor of Tammany Hall on June 30 amidst charges of electoral fraud.
605:
296:
710:"Hisgen and Graves New Party Ticket: The Independence Convention Makes Its Choice in Early Morning,"
1140:
392:
1165:
1035:
829:
591:
413:
400:
340:
1066:
388:
216:
117:
1089:
1027:
925:
556:
485:
458:
396:
359:
308:
304:
242:
30:
This article is about a defunct American political party. For the party formed in 2007, see
1012:
998:
980:
907:
857:
853:
839:
817:
465:, against the use of judicial injunctions to settle labor disputes, for the creation of a
348:
324:
204:
184:
129:
1093:
994:
966:
948:
911:
880:
462:
316:
150:
17:
1213:
1039:
1008:
570:
332:
201:
106:
406:
An attempt by a Kansas delegate to put the name of Democratic Party standard bearer
825:
470:
270:
241:
The Independence League of New York continued to nominate candidates for office in
133:
585:
307:. Despite his own loss, other members of the fusion slate were elected, including
295:, Hearst again ran for political office, this time being defeated in the race for
970:
952:
550:
577:
500:, in which Hisgen and Graves won less than one percent of the popular vote.
474:
266:
447:
380:
451:
183:
481:
system and in favor of the power of recall of elected officials.
469:, for improved workplace safety, and for the establishment of a
754:
473:. The organization expressed its disapproval of maintenance of
505:
candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York
782:
Historical left-wing third-party U.S. presidential tickets
238:, however, and immediately dissolved as a national force.
729:
William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years, 1863-1910.
1111:
1080:
1053:
1026:
939:
898:
871:
816:
795:
211:in 1906. The organization was the successor to the
143:
123:
113:
102:
92:
77:
62:
52:
43:
1179:Third-party performances in presidential elections
736:Others: Third Parties During the Populist Period.
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
665:Others: Third Parties During the Populist Period.
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
207:sponsored by newspaper publisher and politician
1230:Defunct political parties in the United States
362:garnered a substantial number of votes in the
766:
742:"Independence Vacancies Filled by Democrats,"
8:
226:After its second-place finish in a race for
27:Defunct political party in the United States
1245:1914 disestablishments in the United States
813:
773:
759:
751:
667:Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2007; pg. 421.
457:The party platform argued against corrupt
40:
34:. For other parties of similar names, see
253:In 1905, millionaire newspaper publisher
230:in 1907, the party set its sights on the
1240:1906 establishments in the United States
1225:Political parties disestablished in 1914
731:New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
514:
628:
496:The national party collapsed after the
215:under whose colors Hearst had run for
1220:Political parties established in 1906
7:
1235:Progressive Era in the United States
403:, the editor of a Hearst newspaper.
1194:Progressivism in the United States
1184:Labor history of the United States
1126:Social Democratic Party of America
507:until the state election of 1914.
269:ticket in opposition to incumbent
245:until the state election of 1914.
25:
738:Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2007.
1121:Socialist Labor Party of America
598:
584:
563:
549:
1189:Liberalism in the United States
438:running mate by the gathering.
366:, topping the candidate of the
1199:Socialism in the United States
1:
164:Politics of the United States
32:Independence Party of America
374:1908 Presidential convention
257:made a high-profile run for
641:October 22, 1905, page SM1.
1266:
530:Vice presidential nominee
364:1907 election for governor
263:Municipal Ownership League
213:Municipal Ownership League
200:, was a short-lived minor
97:Municipal Ownership League
29:
1174:
788:
535:
529:
526:
520:
479:initiative and referendum
228:Governor of Massachusetts
159:
715:July 29, 1908, pp. 1, 3.
279:William Mills Ivins, Sr.
275:George B. McClellan, Jr.
261:under the banner of the
1250:William Randolph Hearst
1146:Socialist Workers Party
255:William Randolph Hearst
209:William Randolph Hearst
57:William Randolph Hearst
18:Independence Party (US)
922:William Jennings Bryan
427:
408:William Jennings Bryan
283:New York Supreme Court
259:Mayor of New York City
189:
1063:Robert M. La Follette
985:George R. Kirkpatrick
885:Charles E. Cunningham
844:Barzillai J. Chambers
521:Presidential nominee
419:
303:–Independence League
196:, established as the
187:
154:(party's medal color)
606:Georgia (U.S. state)
511:Presidential tickets
297:Governor of New York
1141:Communist Party USA
536:Previous positions
527:Previous positions
467:Department of Labor
463:eight-hour work day
393:Fort Payne, Alabama
387:former Congressman
313:lieutenant governor
198:Independence League
1166:New Alliance Party
1136:Farmer–Labor Party
1131:Independence Party
1082:Progressive (1948)
1055:Progressive (1924)
1036:Theodore Roosevelt
734:Darcy Richardson,
663:Darcy Richardson,
414:The New York Times
401:John Temple Graves
341:William S. Jackson
321:Secretary of State
265:. Hearst ran on a
194:Independence Party
190:
46:Independence Party
36:Independence Party
1207:
1206:
1114:left-wing parties
1107:
1106:
1067:Burton K. Wheeler
621:
620:
486:social democratic
436:Vice-Presidential
389:Milford W. Howard
217:Mayor of New York
182:
181:
169:Political parties
118:Hearst Newspapers
16:(Redirected from
1257:
1090:Henry A. Wallace
926:Thomas E. Watson
814:
810:running mate(s))
808:(candidate(s) /
775:
768:
761:
752:
727:Ben H. Procter,
716:
707:
668:
661:
655:
654:vol. 2, pg. 419.
648:
642:
633:
612:
611:Newspaper editor
604:
602:
601:
588:
581:
569:
567:
566:
557:Thomas L. Hisgen
553:
515:
484:Although mildly
459:machine politics
397:Roland D. Sawyer
368:Democratic Party
360:Thomas L. Hisgen
345:Attorney General
309:Lewis S. Chanler
155:
149:
93:Preceded by
88:
86:
73:
71:
41:
21:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1170:
1113:
1103:
1076:
1049:
1022:
1013:James H. Maurer
999:Seymour Stedman
981:Allan L. Benson
935:
908:James B. Weaver
894:
867:
858:Absolom M. West
854:Benjamin Butler
840:James B. Weaver
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
791:
784:
779:
747:Sept. 30, 1906.
745:New York Times,
724:
722:Further reading
719:
713:New York Times,
708:
671:
662:
658:
649:
645:
639:New York Times,
634:
630:
626:
616:
610:
599:
597:
589:
575:
564:
562:
554:
513:
494:
444:
422:
376:
349:Frederick Skene
325:Martin H. Glynn
277:and Republican
251:
205:political party
178:
153:
147:
136:
132:
84:
82:
69:
67:
48:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1263:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1161:Citizens Party
1158:
1156:People's Party
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1094:Glen H. Taylor
1086:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1006:
995:Eugene V. Debs
992:
978:
967:Eugene V. Debs
964:
949:Eugene V. Debs
945:
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
919:
912:James G. Field
904:
902:
896:
895:
893:
892:
881:Alson Streeter
877:
875:
869:
868:
866:
865:
851:
837:
830:Samuel F. Cary
822:
820:
811:
802:one percent of
793:
792:
789:
786:
785:
780:
778:
777:
770:
763:
755:
749:
748:
739:
732:
723:
720:
718:
717:
669:
656:
643:
627:
625:
622:
619:
618:
615:82,574 (0.55%)
613:
608:
595:
592:John T. Graves
582:
573:
560:
547:
541:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
512:
509:
493:
490:
443:
442:Party platform
440:
375:
372:
353:state engineer
317:John S. Whalen
250:
247:
243:New York state
180:
179:
177:
176:
171:
166:
160:
157:
156:
145:
141:
140:
127:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
79:
75:
74:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
45:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1262:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:Liberty Party
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:Other notable
1110:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1040:Hiram Johnson
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:Norman Thomas
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
986:
982:
979:
976:
972:
968:
965:
962:
958:
954:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:
938:
931:
927:
923:
920:
917:
913:
909:
906:
905:
903:
901:
897:
890:
886:
882:
879:
878:
876:
874:
870:
863:
859:
855:
852:
849:
845:
841:
838:
835:
831:
827:
824:
823:
821:
819:
815:
812:
794:
787:
783:
776:
771:
769:
764:
762:
757:
756:
753:
746:
743:
740:
737:
733:
730:
726:
725:
721:
714:
711:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
660:
657:
653:
647:
644:
640:
637:
632:
629:
623:
614:
609:
607:
596:
594:
593:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
571:Massachusetts
561:
559:
558:
552:
548:
546:
543:
542:
538:
532:
523:
517:
516:
510:
508:
506:
501:
499:
498:1908 election
492:Final efforts
491:
489:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
441:
439:
437:
431:
426:
423:
418:
416:
415:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
384:
382:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Julius Hauser
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:fusion ticket
302:
298:
294:
289:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
249:Establishment
248:
246:
244:
239:
237:
236:1908 election
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:
199:
195:
186:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
158:
152:
146:
142:
139:
138:Progressivism
135:
131:
128:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
107:New York City
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
80:
76:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
42:
37:
33:
19:
1130:
826:Peter Cooper
806:popular vote
804:the national
800:won at least
798:tickets that
796:Presidential
744:
735:
728:
712:
664:
659:
651:
650:Richardson,
646:
638:
631:
590:
555:
502:
495:
483:
471:central bank
456:
445:
432:
428:
424:
420:
412:
405:
385:
377:
357:
290:
287:
271:Tammany Hall
252:
240:
225:
197:
193:
191:
134:Merit system
103:Headquarters
971:Emil Seidel
953:Ben Hanford
873:Union Labor
533:Home state
524:Home state
450:, a costly
417:indicates:
329:comptroller
1214:Categories
1028:Bull Moose
475:blacklists
461:, for the
448:monopolies
301:Democratic
232:Presidency
941:Socialist
818:Greenback
624:Footnotes
578:petroleum
576:American
337:treasurer
273:Democrat
174:Elections
130:Reformism
114:Newspaper
78:Dissolved
900:Populist
580:producer
202:American
125:Ideology
53:Chairman
652:Others,
381:Chicago
83: (
68: (
63:Founded
603:
568:
539:Votes
452:tariff
347:, and
267:reform
151:Bronze
148:
144:Colors
617:0 EV
518:Year
299:on a
1098:1948
1071:1924
1044:1912
1017:1932
1003:1920
989:1916
975:1912
961:1908
959:and
957:1904
930:1896
916:1892
889:1888
862:1884
848:1880
834:1876
545:1908
293:1906
221:1905
192:The
109:, NY
85:1914
81:1914
70:1906
66:1906
391:of
351:as
343:as
335:as
327:as
319:as
311:as
291:In
219:in
1216::
672:^
355:.
339:,
331:,
323:,
315:,
223:.
1100:)
1096:(
1092:/
1073:)
1069:(
1065:/
1046:)
1042:(
1038:/
1019:)
1015:(
1011:/
1005:)
1001:(
997:/
991:)
987:(
983:/
977:)
973:(
969:/
963:)
955:(
951:/
932:)
928:(
924:/
918:)
914:(
910:/
891:)
887:(
883:/
864:)
860:(
856:/
850:)
846:(
842:/
836:)
832:(
828:/
774:e
767:t
760:v
87:)
72:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
