36:
778:
772:
607:
135:
216:, proposed founding 14 Independence Courts. Only 7 courts were established, as it was felt that there would not be enough cases to justify fourteen courts. One month after the establishment of the courts, another court in Diyarbakır was established, bringing the total number to eight.
219:
After the end of the war, many felt that the Courts were no longer needed. Although the government hoped to extend the life of the Courts, opposition pressure led to the closure of seven of the
Independence Courts in 1921.
80:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
254:
In
Diyarbakır the Tribunal was reinstated to counter the Sheikh Said rebellion. More than 7000 people were arrested by orders of the Independence tribunals and 660 people were executed In order to suppress the revolt. The
66:
469:
641:
822:
728:
83:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
256:
399:
337:
287:
240:
851:
646:
462:
91:
624:
312:
244:
173:
in order to prosecute those who were against the system of the government. Eight such courts were established. They were located in
748:
519:
239:
allowed that
Independence Tribunals were reinstated in Ankara and Diyarbakır. The re-establishment was opposed by members of the
259:
prosecuted and sentenced the most. 5010 people were prosecuted of which 2779 were found not guilty and 420 sentenced to death.
427:
365:
841:
815:
692:
629:
504:
455:
753:
708:
687:
509:
170:
104:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Turkish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
656:
113:
846:
808:
651:
581:
565:
549:
544:
539:
526:
514:
499:
478:
738:
134:
99:
234:
229:
213:
48:
723:
672:
733:
248:
120:
417:"Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913- 1950"
355:"Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913- 1950"
251:. The Party was closed down on the 5 June 1925, but the politicians were later acquitted and released.
718:
713:
209:
682:
677:
169:) was a court invested with superior authority and the first were established in 1920 during the
634:
139:
243:(TCF), who voiced concerns that they could issue death sentences without the permission of the
17:
788:
395:
333:
308:
283:
95:
158:
143:
743:
247:. The Tribunal in Ankara prosecuted members of the TCF for their alleged links with the
792:
147:
208:
After the law authorizing the
Independence Courts was passed, the former commander of
835:
202:
416:
354:
178:
777:
198:
330:
The emergence of
Kurdish nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880-1925
771:
194:
447:
186:
102:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
174:
190:
182:
77:
451:
138:
Members of the Ankara
Independence Court; from left to right:
29:
280:
Turkey's
Politics: The Transition to a Multi-Party System
796:
205:. All but the Ankara court were terminated in 1921.
73:
69:
a machine-translated version of the
Turkish article.
701:
665:
615:
558:
492:
485:
27:Court established during the War of Independence
282:. Princeton University Press. pp. 47–48.
98:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
816:
463:
8:
823:
809:
489:
470:
456:
448:
394:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 95.
332:. University of Texas Press. p. 124.
305:Political Parties and Democracy in Turkey
133:
303:Heper, Metin; Landau, Jacob M. (1991).
267:
110:{{Translated|tr|İstiklâl Mahkemeleri}}
576:Military High Court of Administration
7:
767:
765:
550:Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
433:from the original on 3 November 2020
371:from the original on 3 November 2020
273:
271:
257:Independence Tribunal in Diyarbakir
224:The Independence Tribunals of 1925
25:
625:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
776:
770:
605:
520:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
34:
390:Howard, Douglas Arthur (2001).
278:Karpat, Kemal H. (2015-12-08).
230:Law on the Maintenance of Order
18:Independence Tribunals (Turkey)
630:Constitutional Court of Turkey
108:You may also add the template
1:
795:. You can help Knowledge by
241:Progressive Republican Party
573:Military Court of Cassation
307:. I.B. Tauris. p. 78.
171:Turkish War of Independence
868:
852:1920 in the Ottoman Empire
764:
72:Machine translation, like
602:
328:Olson, Robert W. (1989).
49:the corresponding article
424:University of Amsterdam
362:University of Amsterdam
245:Grand National Assembly
119:For more guidance, see
791:-related article is a
642:Main Opposition Leader
162:
150:
842:Turkish history stubs
590:Independence Tribunal
586:State Security Courts
540:Administrative courts
479:Judiciaries of Turkey
392:The History of Turkey
167:İstiklâl Mahkemeleri
155:Independence Tribunal
146:, Necip Ali Bey, and
137:
121:Knowledge:Translation
92:copyright attribution
693:Constitutional Court
505:Constitutional Court
210:Turkish Armed Forces
678:Charter of Alliance
228:In March 1925, the
734:Sexual orientation
709:Capital punishment
510:Court of Cassation
249:Sheikh Said revolt
163:İstiklâl Mahkemesi
151:
100:interlanguage link
804:
803:
762:
761:
657:Court of accounts
647:Political parties
600:
599:
545:Court of Accounts
401:978-0-313-30708-9
339:978-0-292-77619-7
289:978-1-4008-7942-7
132:
131:
61:
57:
16:(Redirected from
859:
847:Courts in Turkey
825:
818:
811:
782:
781:
780:
774:
766:
683:Edict of Gülhane
652:Council of State
610:
609:
608:
582:Civilian justice
566:Military justice
515:Council of State
490:
472:
465:
458:
449:
443:
442:
440:
438:
432:
421:
412:
406:
405:
387:
381:
380:
378:
376:
370:
359:
350:
344:
343:
325:
319:
318:
300:
294:
293:
275:
238:
111:
105:
78:Google Translate
59:
56:(September 2015)
55:
38:
37:
30:
21:
867:
866:
862:
861:
860:
858:
857:
856:
832:
831:
830:
829:
789:Turkish history
775:
769:
763:
758:
697:
661:
617:
611:
606:
604:
596:
570:Military courts
554:
534:Criminal courts
527:Judicial courts
481:
476:
446:
436:
434:
430:
426:. p. 242.
419:
414:
413:
409:
402:
389:
388:
384:
374:
372:
368:
364:. p. 236.
357:
352:
351:
347:
340:
327:
326:
322:
315:
302:
301:
297:
290:
277:
276:
269:
265:
232:
226:
148:Reşit Galip Bey
128:
127:
126:
109:
103:
62:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
865:
863:
855:
854:
849:
844:
834:
833:
828:
827:
820:
813:
805:
802:
801:
784:
760:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
739:Child marriage
736:
731:
729:Kurdish rights
726:
721:
716:
711:
705:
703:
699:
698:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
669:
667:
663:
662:
660:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
638:
637:
627:
621:
619:
613:
612:
603:
601:
598:
597:
595:
594:
593:
592:
587:
579:
578:
577:
574:
571:
562:
560:
556:
555:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
536:
535:
532:
524:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
500:Supreme courts
496:
494:
487:
483:
482:
477:
475:
474:
467:
460:
452:
445:
444:
407:
400:
382:
345:
338:
320:
313:
295:
288:
266:
264:
261:
225:
222:
130:
129:
125:
124:
117:
106:
84:
81:
70:
63:
44:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
864:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
837:
826:
821:
819:
814:
812:
807:
806:
800:
798:
794:
790:
785:
779:
773:
768:
755:
754:Knowledge ban
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
704:
700:
694:
691:
689:
688:Edict of 1856
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
668:
664:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
620:
614:
591:
588:
585:
584:
583:
580:
575:
572:
569:
568:
567:
564:
563:
561:
559:Former courts
557:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
533:
530:
529:
528:
525:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
497:
495:
491:
488:
486:Court systems
484:
480:
473:
468:
466:
461:
459:
454:
453:
450:
429:
425:
418:
415:Üngör, Umut.
411:
408:
403:
397:
393:
386:
383:
367:
363:
356:
353:Üngör, Umut.
349:
346:
341:
335:
331:
324:
321:
316:
314:1 85043 300 3
310:
306:
299:
296:
291:
285:
281:
274:
272:
268:
262:
260:
258:
252:
250:
246:
242:
236:
231:
223:
221:
217:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
149:
145:
144:"Kel" Ali Bey
141:
140:Kılıç Ali Bey
136:
122:
118:
115:
107:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
64:
58:
52:
50:
45:You can help
41:
32:
31:
19:
797:expanding it
786:
783:
744:Women rights
724:Human rights
673:Constitution
635:Zühtü Arslan
618:and agencies
616:Institutions
589:
531:Civil courts
435:. Retrieved
423:
410:
391:
385:
373:. Retrieved
361:
348:
329:
323:
304:
298:
279:
253:
227:
218:
207:
166:
154:
152:
96:edit summary
87:
54:
46:
749:Article 301
493:Main courts
233: [
214:İsmet İnönü
836:Categories
719:Secularism
714:Censorship
263:References
212:, General
203:Diyarbakır
51:in Turkish
195:Kastamonu
179:Eskişehir
165:, plural
114:talk page
428:Archived
366:Archived
90:provide
666:Sources
437:9 April
375:9 April
199:Pozantı
187:Isparta
159:Turkish
112:to the
94:in the
53:.
702:Topics
398:
336:
311:
286:
201:, and
175:Ankara
787:This
431:(PDF)
420:(PDF)
369:(PDF)
358:(PDF)
237:]
191:Sivas
183:Konya
74:DeepL
793:stub
439:2020
396:ISBN
377:2020
334:ISBN
309:ISBN
284:ISBN
88:must
86:You
67:View
153:An
76:or
838::
422:.
360:.
270:^
235:tr
197:,
193:,
189:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
161::
142:,
824:e
817:t
810:v
799:.
471:e
464:t
457:v
441:.
404:.
379:.
342:.
317:.
292:.
157:(
123:.
116:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
