27:
313:(1) Any Indian tribe, band, nation, Alaska Native village, or any organized group or community which is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians; or (2) Any Indian group that has been formally recognized as an Indian tribe by a State legislature or by a State commission or similar organization legislatively vested with State tribal recognition authority.
317:
All products must be marketed truthfully regarding the Indian heritage and tribal affiliation of the producers, so as not to mislead the consumer. It is illegal to market an art or craft item using the name of a tribe if a member, or certified Indian artisan, of that tribe did not actually create the
273:
and crafts organization, resident within the United States. For a first time violation of the Act, an individual can face civil or criminal penalties up to a $ 250,000 fine or a five-year prison term, or both. If a business violates the Act, it can face civil penalties or can be prosecuted and fined
341:
Cultural anthropologist and attorney Gail
Sheffield and others claim that this law has had "the unintended consequence of sanctioning discrimination against Native Americans whose tribal affiliation was not officially recognized". Those who claim to be Native artists but are not enrolled in a tribe
277:
The law covers all Indian and Indian-style traditional and contemporary arts and crafts produced after 1935. The Act broadly applies to the marketing of arts and crafts by any person in the United States. Some traditional items frequently copied by non-Indians include Indian-style jewelry, pottery,
268:
arts and crafts products within the United States. It is illegal to offer or display for sale or sell any art or craft product in a manner that falsely suggests it is Indian produced, an Indian product, or the product of a particular Indian or Indian Tribe or
321:
Section 309.4 of the act also allows for individuals with tribal ancestry who are not eligible for enrollment to be designated as "an Indian artisan by a particular tribe". The certification must be documented in writing by the tribal government.
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305:
explicitly states on its informational website about the Act that, "Under the Act, an Indian is defined as a member of any federally or State recognized Indian Tribe, or an individual certified as an Indian artisan by an Indian Tribe."
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run the risk of fines or imprisonment if they continue to sell their art while claiming Native heritage.
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US Code
Collection: Title 25—Indians, Chapter 7A—Promotion of Social and Economic Welfare.
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An Act to expand the powers of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board, and for other purposes.
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US Department of the
Interior, Indian Arts and Crafts Board. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
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United States
Congressional Joint Special Committee on Conditions of Indian Tribes
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Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the
European Union
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on
October 27, 1990 (Agreed without objection) with further amendment
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189:
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1278:
488:
429:
941:
List of United States
Supreme Court cases involving Indian tribes
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532:"A Cozy Little Restraint Of Trade Rules Indian Arts And Crafts"
520:, ed. by Philip Deloria and Neal Salisbury (Blackwell, 2002).
256:(P.L. 101-644) is a truth-in-advertising law which prohibits
505:
The
Arbitrary Indian: The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990
440:
US Department of the
Interior, Indian Arts and Crafts Board.
1533:
Self-identification as Native
American in the United States
584:(pdf file, section 309.2 contains the specific definitions)
221:
on October 25, 1990 (Passed voice vote) with amendment
822:
County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State
466:"Artist Who Faked Native Identity Gets 18-Month Sentence"
489:"Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 Public Law 101-644."
309:
In Section 309.2, the Act defines an "Indian tribe" as:
1513:
United States federal intellectual property legislation
1083:
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
1047:
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
399:, a similar legal requirement of authenticity in the
894:
City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York
774:
Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida
1453:
Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art
1445:
1424:
1316:
1144:
1104:
1095:
Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art
949:
750:
Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation
629:
357:
Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art
329:as was revealed by the judgement in a case against
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133:
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88:
78:
73:
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1508:United States federal Native American legislation
846:Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield
1172:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
726:United States v. Santa Fe Pacific Railroad Co.
215:on September 27, 1990 (Passed voice vote)
1479:Products with protected designation of origin
1294:
603:
8:
830:South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc.
387:State recognized tribes in the United States
233:on October 28, 1990 (Agreed voice vote)
19:
411:Title 25 of the Code of Federal Regulations
1301:
1287:
1279:
766:McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission
610:
596:
588:
556:Playing Politics with Native American Art
430:"The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990."
120:18 U.S.C.: Crimes and Criminal Procedure
1119:Federal recognition of Native Hawaiians
422:
530:Kilpatrick, James (13 December 1992).
518:A Companion to American Indian History
18:
1053:American Indian Religious Freedom Act
870:Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho
623:Native Americans in the United States
507:. University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.
372:List of Alaska Native tribal entities
352:Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood
7:
734:Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States
1041:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
702:Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy
516:Nancy Perezo, "Indigenous Art." In
377:List of federally recognized tribes
1458:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990
494:21 Oct 1996. Accessed 18 May 2014.
254:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990
200:House Interior and Insular Affairs
20:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990
14:
1211:National Indian Gaming Commission
806:Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe
670:New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble
758:Menominee Tribe v. United States
367:Indigenous intellectual property
231:Senate agreed to House amendment
225:House agreed to Senate amendment
25:
965:(1790,1793,1796,1799,1802,1834)
1195:In the Courts of the Conqueror
798:Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez
578:Cornell University Law School.
1:
1077:Native American Languages Act
397:Protected Geographical Status
303:US Department of the Interior
1528:101st United States Congress
1216:Native American civil rights
1071:Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
910:Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl
464:Velie, Elaine (2023-05-22).
291:Indian Arts and Crafts Board
60:101st United States Congress
1518:United States trademark law
1231:Recognition of sacred sites
1226:Native American Rights Fund
1131:Federally recognized tribes
1011:Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act
1549:
1437:EUR.1 movement certificate
1089:Indian Arts and Crafts Act
646:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
537:South Florida Sun Sentinel
325:The Act does not apply to
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1005:Indian Reorganization Act
932:Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta
790:United States v. Antelope
169:
24:
1157:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1059:Indian Child Welfare Act
862:South Dakota v. Bourland
560:The Southeast Missourian
492:Native American Artists.
1206:Long Walk of the Navajo
1136:State recognized tribes
1035:Indian Civil Rights Act
286:figures, and clothing.
196:Committee consideration
134:U.S.C. sections amended
1221:Native American gaming
1124:Legal status of Hawaii
999:Indian Citizenship Act
878:Idaho v. United States
782:Bryan v. Itasca County
718:Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock
678:Standing Bear v. Crook
442:Retrieved 24 May 2009.
362:Cultural appropriation
315:
1498:False advertising law
1029:Indian Relocation Act
886:United States v. Lara
662:Fellows v. Blacksmith
392:Native American flute
311:
280:carved stone fetishes
208:Senate Indian Affairs
654:Worcester v. Georgia
243:on November 29, 1990
1503:Native American art
1201:Indian reservations
1162:Cherokee Commission
638:Johnson v. McIntosh
582:Page 785 of the Act
318:art or craft item.
274:up to $ 1,000,000.
192:) on April 17, 1989
165:Legislative history
21:
1261:Self-determination
1256:Tribal sovereignty
1182:Eagle-bone whistle
975:Indian Removal Act
963:Nonintercourse Act
957:Blood quantum laws
924:McGirt v. Oklahoma
562:, October 6, 2000.
452:p. 785 of the Act.
435:2006-09-25 at the
125:25 U.S.C.: Indians
1523:Country of origin
1485:
1484:
1310:Country of origin
1276:
1275:
1177:Eagle feather law
1111:State recognition
902:Cobell v. Salazar
814:Solem v. Bartlett
686:Ex parte Crow Dog
258:misrepresentation
250:
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241:George H. W. Bush
219:Passed the Senate
91:Statutes at Large
69:November 29, 1990
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1152:Aboriginal title
969:Civilization Act
905:(D.C. Cir. 2009)
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554:Sam Blackwell, "
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540:. Archived from
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331:James Arthur Ray
260:in marketing of
213:Passed the House
176:in the House as
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1189:Hunting license
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1109:
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1017:Nationality Act
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918:Sharp v. Murphy
838:Hodel v. Irving
742:Williams v. Lee
710:Talton v. Mayes
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1381:New Zealand
1167:Dawes Rolls
950:Legislation
337:Controversy
297:Definitions
271:Indian arts
1492:Categories
1432:Made in EU
1425:For the EU
1331:Bangladesh
1318:By country
1241:Survivance
987:Curtis Act
475:2023-05-23
417:References
382:Pretendian
174:Introduced
79:Public law
34:Long title
16:US statute
1366:Indonesia
1326:Australia
993:Burke Act
981:Dawes Act
278:baskets,
151:25 U.S.C.
141:18 U.S.C.
96:104
74:Citations
66:Effective
630:Case law
433:Archived
346:See also
327:services
43:Acronyms
1371:Ireland
1356:Germany
1346:Croatia
1145:Related
1106:Federal
406:Terroir
284:kachina
182:Jon Kyl
83:101-644
1411:Taiwan
1386:Russia
1351:France
1336:Canada
1097:(2008)
1091:(1990)
1085:(1990)
1079:(1990)
1073:(1988)
1067:(1984)
1061:(1978)
1055:(1978)
1049:(1975)
1043:(1971)
1037:(1968)
1031:(1956)
1025:(1953)
1019:(1940)
1013:(1936)
1007:(1934)
1001:(1924)
995:(1906)
989:(1898)
983:(1887)
977:(1830)
971:(1819)
935:(2022)
927:(2020)
913:(2013)
897:(2005)
889:(2004)
881:(2001)
873:(1997)
865:(1993)
857:(1990)
849:(1989)
841:(1987)
833:(1986)
825:(1985)
817:(1984)
809:(1982)
801:(1978)
793:(1977)
785:(1976)
777:(1974)
769:(1973)
761:(1968)
753:(1960)
745:(1959)
737:(1955)
729:(1941)
721:(1903)
713:(1896)
705:(1896)
697:(1884)
689:(1883)
673:(1858)
665:(1857)
657:(1832)
649:(1831)
641:(1823)
619:Rights
157:§ 305e
155:ch. 7A
147:§ 1159
145:ch. 53
100:
1401:Spain
1376:Italy
1361:India
1341:China
153:
143:
98:Stat.
1446:Laws
301:The
289:The
252:The
102:4662
58:the
50:IACA
1416:USA
1108:and
921:and
621:of
558:."
264:or
198:by
180:by
1494::
534:.
468:.
333:.
206:,
202:,
190:AZ
1302:e
1295:t
1288:v
611:e
604:t
597:v
478:.
188:–
186:R
184:(
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