82:, but was slightly modified in terms of its application to Indian law. According to this Act, the period of copyright for photographs was 50 years from the time it was created (Act language is: "the term for which copyright shall subsist in photographs shall be fifty years from the making of the original negative from which the photograph was directly or indirectly derived, and the person who was owner of such negative at the time when such negative was made shall be deemed to be the author of the work, and, where such owner is a body corporate, the body corporate shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to reside within the parts of His Majesty's dominions to which this Act extends if it has established a place of business within such parts.") For photographs published, before 21 January 1958 in India, the period of copyright is thus 50 years, as for them the old Act is applicable.
391:, which sold photocopies of chapters from academic textbooks was not infringing on their publisher's copyright, arguing that the use of copyright to "stimulate activity and progress in the arts for the intellectual enrichment of the public" outweighed its use by the publishers to maintain commercial control of their property. However, in December 2016, the ruling was reversed and taken back to court, citing that there were "triable issues" in the case.
1633:
189:(1958) concerned the Daily Calendar Supplying Bureau's commercial distributions of slightly modified reproductions of an oil painting of Lord Subramania by the firm United Concern. The firm acquired artistic property rights over the painting from its artist T. M. Subramaniam, soon after the artistic work was created in 1947. The user was ordered to pay 1,000 rupees worth of copyright damage to the firm. The
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139:
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copyright infringement and claimed their use is covered by freedom of panorama as the work is "permanently situated in a public place to which the public has access." The court, having said in a
November 10 order that the billboard was "clearly an advertisement", will hear the case in February 2024, while ordering the firm to delete all online posts with the presence of the artwork.
130:
1848:
429:– If cause of action has arisen wholly or in part in place where plaintiff resides or is doing business suit has to be filed at such place – Plaintiff cannot drag defendant to far off place under guise that he carries business there also. --- Interpretation of statutes – Mischief Rule – Construction that suppresses even counter mischief has to be adopted.
287:
The author of a work is generally considered as the first owner of the copyright under the
Copyright Act 1957. However, for works made in the course of an author's employment under a "contract of service" or apprenticeship, the employer is considered as the first owner of copyright, in the absence of
181:
Freedom of panorama is dealt with in sections 52, s–u(i) of the copyright law of India. Both (s) and (t) of section 52 applies to depictions of architecture, sculptures, and works of artistic craftsmanship through drawing, painting, engraving, and photography, while (u)(i) applies to inclusion of all
193:
rejected the argument of the Daily
Calendar Supplying in their 1964 appeal, that their act falls under Section 52(t), since the original painting was still under the artist's private custody even if free copies were already being distributed to several temples in the south. This distribution is "not
306:
Section 19 of the
Copyright Act 1957 lays down the modes of assignment of copyright in India. Assignment can only be in writing and must specify the work, the period of assignment and the territory for which assignment is made. If the period of assignment is not specified in the agreement, it shall
399:
The
Copyright Act 1957 provides three kinds of remedies - administrative remedies, civil remedies and criminal remedies. The administrative remedies provided under the statute include detention of the infringing goods by the customs authorities. The civil remedies are provided under Chapter XII of
90:
Copyright is a bundle of rights given by the law to the creators of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works and the producers of cinematograph films and sound recordings. The rights provided under
Copyright law include the rights of reproduction of the work, communication of the work to the
98:
states that copyright is "not an inevitable, divine, or natural right that confers on authors the absolute ownership of their creations. It is designed rather to stimulate activity and progress in the arts for the intellectual enrichment of the public. Copyright is intended to increase and not to
50:
208:
mural painted on a Mumbai building, in their advertising campaign, that prompted St+Art India
Foundation and the mural author Paola Delfin Gaytan to send a legal notice urging the firm to take down both the billboard material and the social media posts of their campaign. Acko, in turn, denied
182:
types of artistic works in films. These provisions are applicable if the work is "permanently situate in a public place or any premises to which the public has access." (u)(ii) is for the incidental cinematographic inclusion of works not located in public spaces.
278:
Copyrights of works of the countries mentioned in the
International Copyright Order are protected in India, as if such works are Indian works. The term of copyright in a work shall not exceed that which is enjoyed by it in its country of origin.
2135:
1722:
2305:
1818:
38:. The Copyright Act 1957 was the first post-independence copyright legislation in India and the law has been amended six times since 1957. The most recent amendment was in the year 2012, through the Copyright (Amendment) Act 2012.
73:
Prior to 21 January 1958, the Indian
Copyright Act, 1914, was applicable in India and still applicable for works created prior to 21 January 1958, when the new Act came into force. The Indian Copyright Act, 1914 was based on the
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443:
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2007:
2216:
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confirmed this position and held that in cases wherein the duration of assignment is not specified, the duration shall be deemed to be five years and the copyright shall revert to the author after five years.
54:
42:
412:. The criminal remedies are provided under Chapter XIII of the statute and the remedies provided against copyright infringement include imprisonment (up to 3 years) along with a fine (up to 200,000 Rupees).
2228:
625:
58:
376:' has been discussed in different judgments, including the decision of the Supreme Court of India in Academy of General Education v. B. Malini Mallya (2009) and the decision of the
1717:
307:
be deemed to be five years and if the territorial extent of assignment is not specified, it shall be presumed to be limited to the territories of India. In a recent judgement (
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91:
public, adaptation of the work and translation of the work. The scope and duration of protection provided under copyright law varies with the nature of the protected work.
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a work produced by the collaboration of two or more authors in which the contribution of one author is not distinct from the contribution of the other author or authors"
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418:- in 2015 the jurisdiction law regarding copyright violation underwent significant change through the judgement of the Supreme Court in the 2015 case
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impede the harvest of knowledge. It is intended to motivate the creative activity of authors and inventors in order to benefit the public."
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107:
The Indian copyright law protects literary works, dramatic works, musical works, artistic works, cinematograph films and sound recordings.
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34:. The Act is applicable from 21 January 1958. The history of copyright law in India can be traced back to its colonial era under the
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to denote copyright exceptions in India, it is a factually wrong usage. While the US and certain other countries follow the broad
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1962:
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exception, India follows a different approach towards copyright exceptions. India follows a hybrid approach that allows :
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lifetime of the author + sixty years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies.
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The
Copyright Act 1957 exempts certain acts from the ambit of copyright infringement. While many people tend to use the term
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until sixty years from the beginning of the calendar years next following the year in which the work is first published
41:
India is a member of most of the important international conventions governing the area of copyright law, including the
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1972:
1967:
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626:"Indian Court Says 'Copyright Is Not An Inevitable, Divine, Or Natural Right' And Photocopying Textbooks Is Fair Use"
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reporting of current events and current affairs, including the reporting of a lecture delivered in public.
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James, T C (September 2002). "Indian Copyright Law and Digital Technologies".
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is a work of joint authorship. This concept has been elucidated in cases like
138:
55:
the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
1124:
983:
171:, the world's tallest statue, was completed in 2018 and authored by sculptor
713:"Delhi High Court to examine if street art is covered under copyright rules"
687:"The Daily Calendar Supplying ... vs The United Concern on 16 January, 1964"
1657:
972:"DU photocopy case: court restores copyright suit by publishers for trial"
30:
The Copyright Act 1957 as amended governs the subject of copyright law in
573:
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has not been defined anywhere in the Copyright Act 1957, the concept of '
347:
339:
with any copyrighted work for certain specifically mentioned purposes and
329:
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1132:
1108:
686:
129:
405:
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approach followed in India is clearly limited towards the purposes of
1174:"Why India needs to modernise its copyright laws for the digital era"
512:
Piracy in the Indian Film Industry: Copyright and Cultural Consonance
350:
approach followed in the US can be applied for any kind of uses, the
444:
National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy – Government of India
387:
In September 2016, the Delhi High Court ruled in Delhi University's
194:
tantamount to his installing his original work in a public place."
31:
549:"India. The Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act No. 27 of 2012)"
200:
is expected to hear a recent case from February 2023, concerning
1661:
1256:
295:
is recognised in Section. 2(z) of the Act which provides that "
1227:
749:
Entrepreneurship Development and IPR unit. BITS-Pilani. 2007.
214:
Duration of copyright protection under the Copyright Act 1957
903:"Publishers lose copyright case against DU's photocopy shop"
462:
309:
Pine Labs Private Limited vs Gemalto Terminals India Limited
187:
The Daily Calendar Supplying v. The United Concern
358:
private or personal use, including research, and education,
395:
Remedies available against copyright infringement in India
400:
the Copyright Act 1957 and the remedies provided include
1193:"'Originality' concept under India's copyright regime"
420:
Indian Performing Rights Society Ltd. Vs. Sanjay Dalia
342:
certain specific activities enumerated in the statute.
592:– via World Intellectual Property Organization.
535:
735:
733:
65:(WPPT) but subsequently entered the treaty in 2013.
2389:
2276:
2153:
2146:
1955:
1855:
1738:
1586:
1546:
1288:
283:
Ownership of copyright under the Copyright Act 1957
774:– via Copyright Office, Government of India.
619:
617:
854:"Fair Use: Comparing US and Indian Copyright Law"
555:of the World Intellectual Property Organization.
1172:Ramdas, Varun; Venkatesan, Shweta (2020-11-25).
896:
894:
879:Secs.52(1)(aa)to(zc) of the Copyright Act 1957
515:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–53.
1673:
1268:
945:Gopalakrishnan, N. S.; Agitha, T. G. (2014).
320:Exceptions to copyright infringement in India
301:Najma Heptulla v. Orient Longman Ltd. and Ors
8:
1191:Datta, Ameet; Mandal, Suvarna (2015-07-20).
935:Sec. 52(1)(a)(iii) of the Copyright Act 1957
926:Sec. 52(1)(a)(ii) of the Copyright Act 1957
57:. Initially, India was not a member of the
2150:
1680:
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1658:
1275:
1261:
1253:
1228:Official website of Registrar of Copyright
1029:Secs. 63 and 63A of the Copyright Act 1957
949:. Eastern Book Company. pp. 369–393.
888:Sec. 52(1)(a)(i) of the Copyright Act 1957
576:, World Intellectual Property Organization
901:Singh, Rocky Soibam (16 September 2016).
802:Sec 19(5) and 19(6) of Copyright Act 1957
711:Singh, Soibam Rocky (November 26, 2023).
465:. Copyright Office, Government of India.
217:
1142:Journal of Intellectual Property Rights
870:Sec. 52(1)(a) of the Copyright Act 1957
740:Intellectual Property Rights. A Manual.
454:
416:Jurisdiction Under Copyright Act, 1957
63:WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
608:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
389:Rameshwari Photocopy Service shop case
47:Universal Copyright Convention of 1951
1233:Indian Copyright Act, 1957: Full text
852:Rathod, Sandeep Kanak (28 May 2012).
772:"International Copyright Order, 1999"
757:
755:
7:
1109:"Copyright Law and Justice in India"
856:. Jurist. University of Pittsburgh.
784:Section 17 of the Copyright Act 1957
761:Sec. 22-29 of the Copyright Act 1957
482:
480:
478:
476:
69:Applicable Copyright Act before 1958
45:(as modified at Paris in 1971), the
1113:Journal of the Indian Law Institute
1073:"Calculation in the pirate bazaars"
947:Principles of Intellectual Property
793:Sec.19(2) of the Copyright Act 1957
624:Masnick, Mike (19 September 2016).
27:Laws relating to copyright in India
509:Scaria, Arul George (2014-05-15).
25:
2415:Category:Copyright law by country
1011:Sec. 53 of the Copyright Act 1957
842:Sec. 52 of the Copyright Act 1957
94:In a 2016 copyright lawsuit, the
2446:Indian intellectual property law
1846:
1713:International copyright treaties
1641:
1632:
1631:
860:from the original on 2022-01-29.
813:"Pine Labs vs Gemalto Terminals"
649:Sec. 2(y) of Copyright Act 1957.
587:"The Indian Copyright Act, 1914"
559:from the original on 2019-07-25.
469:from the original on 2006-06-13.
244:Anonymous and pseudonymous works
137:
128:
116:This section is an excerpt from
80:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1243:Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2012
439:Registrar of Copyrights (India)
288:any agreement to the contrary.
1599:British Indian Ocean Territory
1154:"Copyright law in digital era"
76:Imperial Copyright Act of 1911
1:
1703:Copyright case law by country
1092:10.1080/17530350.2017.1352009
1020:Sec. 55 of Copyright Act 1957
970:Jain, Akanksha (2016-12-09).
659:Intellectual Property India.
382:Civic Chandran v. Ammini Amma
1708:Copyright lengths by country
1199:. India Business Law Journal
1042:Das, Jatindra Kumar (2021).
536:Das, Law of Copyright (2021)
1238:A Handbook of Copyright Law
1080:Journal of Cultural Economy
311:), a division bench of the
154:in Chandigarh, authored by
118:Freedom of panorama § India
2462:
1224: (archived 2020-10-14)
160:UNESCO World Heritage Site
115:
2410:
1844:
1698:Copyright acts by country
1693:
1627:
1046:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
2436:Copyright law by country
1730:Rule of the shorter term
1688:Copyright law by country
1348:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1071:Deka, Maitrayee (2017).
488:"The Copyright Act 1957"
103:Types of works protected
43:Berne Convention of 1886
1609:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1158:The Hindu Business Line
1060:The Copyright Act, 1957
86:Definition of copyright
51:Rome Convention of 1961
1283:Copyright law of Asia
1248:Copyright law in India
1107:Baxi, Upendra (1986).
259:International Agencies
202:Acko General Insurance
1218:Copyright Rules, 2013
59:WIPO Copyright Treaty
2119:United Arab Emirates
1523:United Arab Emirates
604:"Copyright Act 1911"
492:IndianTelevision.com
378:High Court of Kerala
361:criticism or review,
18:Indian Copyright Act
1550:limited recognition
256:Public undertakings
247:Cinematograph films
204:'s exploitation of
111:Freedom of panorama
2350:Russian Federation
1893:Dominican Republic
1002:Copyright Act 1957
745:2023-03-26 at the
498:on 22 August 2015.
425:2022-04-08 at the
410:account of profits
152:Palace of Assembly
2423:
2422:
2385:
2384:
1655:
1654:
1592:other territories
1053:978-81-948002-1-7
956:978-81-7012-157-2
685:Ramakrishnan, J.
522:978-1-107-06543-7
271:
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16:(Redirected from
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158:. It has been a
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2441:Law of India
2094:Saudi Arabia
1987:
1838:South Africa
1588:Dependencies
1518:Turkmenistan
1483:Saudi Arabia
1362:
1201:. Retrieved
1196:
1181:. Retrieved
1177:
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910:. Retrieved
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827:. Retrieved
820:the original
807:
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722:November 29,
720:. Retrieved
716:
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696:December 27,
694:. Retrieved
690:
680:
668:. Retrieved
664:
661:"CHAPTER XI"
654:
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635:19 September
633:. Retrieved
629:
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496:the original
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374:fair dealing
370:fair dealing
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173:Ram V. Sutar
166:
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162:since 2016.
156:Le Corbusier
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72:
40:
29:
2402:New Zealand
2362:Switzerland
2326: [
2304: [
2292: [
2248:Netherlands
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2215: [
2178: [
2166: [
2134: [
2122: [
2089:Philippines
2060: [
2043: [
2035:South Korea
2030:North Korea
2006: [
1963:Afghanistan
1938: [
1910:El Salvador
1901: [
1829: [
1817: [
1805: [
1793: [
1781: [
1778:Ivory Coast
1749: [
1647:Asia portal
1548:States with
1468:Philippines
1408:South Korea
1403:North Korea
1298:Afghanistan
402:injunctions
262:photographs
229:musical and
2430:Categories
2323:Kyrgyzstan
2318:Kazakhstan
2236:Luxembourg
2131:Uzbekistan
2109:Tajikistan
2025:Kazakhstan
1973:Bangladesh
1968:Azerbaijan
1814:Mozambique
1790:Madagascar
1718:by country
1528:Uzbekistan
1503:Tajikistan
1418:Kyrgyzstan
1398:Kazakhstan
1318:Bangladesh
1308:Azerbaijan
1203:2022-01-20
1183:2022-01-20
1164:2022-01-20
1148:: 423–435.
989:2022-01-29
829:2011-10-29
450:References
346:While the
2397:Australia
2224:Lithuania
2099:Sri Lanka
1993:Indonesia
1983:Hong Kong
1947:Venezuela
1863:Argentina
1614:Hong Kong
1568:Palestine
1493:Sri Lanka
1488:Singapore
1368:Indonesia
1125:0019-5731
984:0971-751X
976:The Hindu
717:The Hindu
226:dramatic,
185:The case
2114:Thailand
2084:Pakistan
2057:Mongolia
2052:Malaysia
1915:Honduras
1856:Americas
1763:Cameroon
1637:Category
1558:Abkhazia
1508:Thailand
1463:Pakistan
1443:Mongolia
1438:Maldives
1433:Malaysia
1333:Cambodia
1197:Law.asia
1178:ThePrint
1133:43951048
1100:56318191
858:Archived
743:Archived
630:Techdirt
574:WIPO Lex
557:Archived
553:WIPO Lex
467:Archived
433:See also
423:Archived
348:fair use
330:fair use
326:fair use
223:Literary
206:Humanity
2390:Oceania
2372:Ukraine
2335:Moldova
2313:Georgia
2301:Belarus
2289:Armenia
2284:Albania
2258:Romania
2202:Ireland
2192:Germany
2175:Belgium
2163:Austria
2069:Myanmar
2040:Lebanon
1935:Uruguay
1898:Ecuador
1873:Bolivia
1868:Bermuda
1826:Senegal
1802:Morocco
1758:Burundi
1533:Vietnam
1448:Myanmar
1428:Lebanon
1358:Georgia
1313:Bahrain
1303:Armenia
1220:at the
406:damages
2367:Turkey
2357:Serbia
2340:Russia
2268:Sweden
2253:Poland
2212:Latvia
2197:Greece
2187:France
2147:Europe
2020:Jordan
2003:Israel
1920:Panama
1883:Canada
1878:Brazil
1739:Africa
1578:Taiwan
1513:Turkey
1478:Russia
1413:Kuwait
1393:Jordan
1383:Israel
1343:Cyprus
1328:Brunei
1323:Bhutan
1131:
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1098:
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982:
953:
519:
164:Right:
49:, the
2330:]
2308:]
2296:]
2263:Spain
2243:]
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2219:]
2207:Italy
2182:]
2170:]
2138:]
2126:]
2104:Syria
2074:Nepal
2064:]
2047:]
2015:Japan
2010:]
1988:India
1978:China
1942:]
1905:]
1888:Chile
1833:]
1821:]
1809:]
1797:]
1785:]
1773:Egypt
1768:Ghana
1753:]
1746:Benin
1619:Macau
1538:Yemen
1498:Syria
1473:Qatar
1453:Nepal
1388:Japan
1363:India
1353:Egypt
1338:China
1129:JSTOR
1096:S2CID
1076:(PDF)
823:(PDF)
816:(PDF)
590:(PDF)
570:India
148:Left:
32:India
2345:USSR
2079:Oman
1998:Iran
1956:Asia
1925:Peru
1458:Oman
1423:Laos
1378:Iraq
1373:Iran
1121:ISSN
1048:ISBN
980:ISSN
951:ISBN
914:2016
724:2023
698:2021
672:2024
637:2016
517:ISBN
408:and
196:The
150:The
53:and
1590:and
1088:doi
380:in
2432::
2328:ru
2306:ru
2294:ru
2241:de
2229:ru
2217:ru
2180:fr
2168:de
2136:ru
2124:de
2062:ru
2045:ru
2008:ru
1940:es
1903:es
1831:fr
1819:ru
1807:fr
1795:fr
1783:fr
1751:fr
1195:.
1176:.
1156:.
1144:.
1127:.
1117:28
1115:.
1111:.
1094:.
1084:10
1082:.
1078:.
978:.
974:.
905:.
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1090::
1056:.
992:.
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832:.
726:.
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674:.
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525:.
175:.
120:.
20:)
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