345:. Each element of the card was designed to measure a specific technical aspect of television broadcast so that an experienced engineer could, at a glance, identify problems. The card contains elements used to measure aspect ratio, perspective, framing, linearity, frequency response, differential gain, contrast, and brightness. The grid and circles were used for perspective, framing and linearity. The tapered lines (marked with 20, 25, 30, and 35) were used for resolution and frequency response. The thin lines marked from 575 to 325 on one side and 300 to 50 on the other side referred to lines of resolution. The gray bands emerging from the center off to the lower right and upper left were for differential gain, contrast, and white level.
398:. When the electron beam strikes the carbon image areas, the carbon resists current flow, and the resulting lower electron current flow is adjusted to appear as video black. When the electron beam strikes the metallic-aluminum image areas, there is less resistance with higher current flow, and the resulting higher electron current flow is adjusted to appear as video white. This image was used to calibrate monitors in the station. Second, stations would use a cardboard-mounted lithograph of the test pattern (typically attached to a rolling easel in each TV studio); videographing the lithograph would create a second image that could be compared against the monoscope-created control image.
608:
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855:) reference point for analog-NTSC TV aural system frequency response measurements, but for simple line-reference 0dB audio level setting, preference for hearing 400 Hz is common knowledge and experience among broadcast and audio technicians. "From the factory the frequency of the reference tone is configured to be 400 Hz. This is a nice alternative to the more typical 1 kHz, a frequency which can soon become very annoying to a listener's ears. In most cases 400 Hz will be perfectly acceptable, and actually preferred." -
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era.According to the customer service department of Archie McPhee company, Seattle, Washington, the set of three, as Item #10480, was sold from 1999-01-11 to 2005-06-17. Their representative said these lamp shades were created by the company, and not obtained from an outside source. (Source accessed
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From the late 1950s the test pattern gradually began to be seen less frequently, after fewer sign-offs, on fewer stations, and for shorter periods in the morning, since new and improved TV broadcast equipment required less adjusting. In later years the test pattern was transmitted for as little as a
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Nevertheless, the Indian-head test pattern persists as a symbol of early television. Many U.S. television stations chose the image of the Indian-head card to be their final image broadcast when their analog signals signed off for the final time between
February 17 and June 12, 2009, as part of the
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company, reminiscent of the times when a fairly common late-night experience was to fall asleep while watching the late movie, only to awaken to the characteristic sine wave tone accompanying the Indian-head test pattern on a black-and-white TV screen. The test card also featured in the opening
661:
in conjunction with the
Marconi Resolution Chart No. 1 from its launch in 1962 until it adopted colour television in the mid-1970s. This version eschewed the Indian head drawing with the TNT-9 station ID on top, similar to the aforementioned KRLD-TV, WBAP-TV and WKY-TV variants.
380:(CRT), but instead of displaying an image, it scans a built-in image, producing a video signal. The tube has a perfectly proportioned copy of the test pattern master art (or a modified variant with the station ID replacing the Indian-head portrait, such as those used by
736:
also needed to be adjusted for vertical and horizontal linearity. An error in vertical linearity (such as the top of the picture stretched with the bottom squashed) might go unnoticed on the SMPTE colour bar pattern, but would instantly turn a circle into an
429:; from that point onward, an alternate test card of SMPTE color bars (and its immediate predecessors), or colorized versions of the NBC/CBS-derived "bullseye" patterns became the test card of choice. Since the 1990s, most television stations in the
437:, networked overnight news shows, syndicated reruns, cartoons, or old movies; thus, the broadcast of test patterns has become mostly obsolete (though they are still used in post-production and broadcast facilities to check color and signal paths).
838:"Every television station, prior to its actual broadcasting period, transmits a test pattern for the purpose of permitting set owners to adjust their receiver controls for optimum reception." The article also states that
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in which the pattern was permanently embedded, which was capable of producing the image with a high degree of consistency due to the device's simplicity. The monoscope tube is constructed similarly to a small
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392:) inside, permanently deposited as a carbon image on an aluminum target plate or slide. The target plate is sequentially scanned with a focused beam of electrons, which were originally called
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capable of producing only the image embedded within it. The pattern was introduced in 1939 and over the following two decades became a fixture of television broadcast across North
America in
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Nearly all of the hard-to-open, steel-shielded monoscope tubes were junked with their Indian-head test pattern target plates still inside, but many of the board-mounted lithographs survive.
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The Indian-head test pattern night light was included in a set of three novelty night lights with test pattern lamp shades: RCA TK-1 Indian head (1950s), SMPTE color bars (1960s), and an
842:(in 1949) was only a few hours each evening. The Indian-head test pattern was built into the RCA "monoscope" tube, a 2F21, which acted as a complete replacement for the TV camera.
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The test pattern was useful for the calibration of home television sets as well as television studio equipment, so the image was routinely broadcast outside hours of
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https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Technology/Technology-All-Eras/Archive-Practical-Television-IDX/70s/Television-Servicing-UK-1974-02-OCR-Page-0033.pdf
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sign-off in the evening, and during its final years in the late-1970s and early-1980s it was shown before sign-on in the morning, after the showing of the
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texture in the black hair) was the entire test pattern, but in 1939 the portrait was incorporated into the current pattern of calibrated lines and shapes.
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The master art for both the portrait and the pattern design was discovered in a dumpster by a wrecking crew worker as the old RCA factory in
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reference discs released for the NTSC market included a variant of the card, but modified with a gray-colored grid and a drawing of a
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Indian Head pattern with its elements labeled, describing the use of each element in aligning a black and white analog TV receiver.
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The pattern began with the Indian-head portrait created in August 1938 by an artist named Brooks using pencil, charcoal, ink and
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in
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surrounded by numerous graphic elements designed to test different aspects of broadcast display. The card was created by
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Television stations would produce the image of the Indian-head test pattern in two ways. First, they would use a
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was being demolished in 1970. The worker kept the art for over 30 years before selling it to a collector.
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replacing the Indian head drawing, from 1954 until 1982 when it was replaced with a heavily modified
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from its launch of television services in 1961 until it adopted colour television in the mid-1970s.
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in Saudi Arabia also formerly used a modified version of the Indian-head test pattern, with the
939:"SCTV - Second City Television - "Lust for Paint" - WMAQ-TV (Complete Broadcast, 8/20/1978) 📺"
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973:"A selection of comments and suggestions received using the Feedback form or direct via email"
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762:"Chuck Pharis Web Page : The Indian Head Test Pattern Story! , Updated April 29, 2017"
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581:) stations also used this test pattern until the late-1960s immediately after playing the
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replacing the Indian-head portrait. It was sold as a night-light from 1997 to 2005 by the
352:. For about a year, the portrait (which contains several identifiable shades of gray from
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999:(EBS) TV-test slide image ("This is a test! This is only a test!") from the middle
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531:(CBC) in Canada in conjunction with its own monochrome test pattern, following the
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in the late-1970s, and another variant appeared on theatrical release posters for
1078:"I går syntes Kalle Anka på TV-skärmen och han hördes också. - PDF Free Download"
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from 1948 until
November 1958 when it was replaced by the Sveriges Radio TV (now
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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The Indian-head test pattern became obsolete in the 1960s with the debut of
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Resolution Chart 1946, until the late-1970s before signing on with the
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4:3 monochrome pattern resembling the RCA Indian-head extracted from a
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have broadcast continuously without regular sign-offs, instead running
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minute after sign-off while the transmitter engineer logged required
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A variant of the card appeared on the
Canadian sketch comedy show
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959:"Laserdisc players - screenshot comparison - Original Trilogy"
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This test pattern was later used by the
Venezuelan TV channel
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The RCA TK-1C monoscope camera that generated the test pattern
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596:(CERTV) in the late-1960s and 1970s (in conjunction with the
592:, the Indian-head pattern was used by its public broadcaster
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resolution and (often in modified form) abroad in 525- and
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Model 742 Audio Mixer User Guide, Issue 2, May 2005 (PDF)
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posing in front of the Indian-head test pattern and the
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for its monochrome test cards, used from 1961 to 1977.
653:
In
Australia, the Indian-head test pattern was used by
836:(1). Ziff-Davis: 38–39, 135–136 – via Wikimedia.
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sequence of the early 1960s science fiction anthology
1857:
Telecommunications-related introductions in the 1930s
546:(RTV) during British colonial times (varying between
301:
resolution until it was made obsolete by the rise of
1113:
from the original on 2021-12-22 – via YouTube.
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from the original on 2021-12-22 – via YouTube.
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from the original on 2021-12-22 – via YouTube.
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159:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1310:"The Indian Head Test Pattern original master art"
443:digital television transition in the United States
269:broadcasting era as an aid in the calibration of
1139:"Svenska: Radiochefen i Göteborg Nils Dahlbeck"
611:Swedish botanist and radio and TV personality
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1312:. Archived from the original on June 15, 2015
8:
337:The Indian-head test pattern was created by
1735:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
1341:RCA TK-1 test pattern generator (monoscope)
1123:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
808:"TV transformative for Tahlequah residents"
422:transmitter readings before cutting power.
265:that gained widespread adoption during the
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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877:"Historic WLWT-TV Turns off Analog Signal"
709:, the pattern was adapted and modified by
694:The Indian head pattern was also used by
626:experimental TV station test card in 1957
602:National Anthem of the Dominican Republic
594:Corporación Estatal de Radio y Televisión
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1862:1938 establishments in the United States
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317:The Indian Head pattern as mentioned in
285:to be the standard image for their TK-1
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1259:Borgiatto, Gian Domenico (2013-06-09),
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1336:– rescued from an RCA dumpster in 1970
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1034:"CBC-TV Test Pattern Explained p12-13"
273:equipment. It features a drawing of a
1348:– Street art work about test patterns
527:The Indian head was also used by the
7:
1014:chicagosundials (19 November 2008).
157:adding citations to reliable sources
1882:Native Americans in popular culture
1092:"TV-sändningar till vattentornet!"
866:; p.10 - Studio Technologies, Inc.
25:
679:The Indian head was also used in
644:Chalmers University of Technology
636:KTH Royal Institute of Technology
624:Chalmers University of Technology
529:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
416:Federal Communications Commission
356:texture in the white feathers to
45:This article has multiple issues.
851:1,000 Hz is the standard 0dB (0
794:"[WBAP-TV Test Pattern]"
253:The RCA Indian-head test pattern
133:
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34:
1836:1951 USAF resolution test chart
1262:MONOSCOPIO RAI CANALE NAZIONALE
325:trade magazine in January 1949.
144:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1216:"saudi tv test pattern (1965)"
1:
1877:Interstitial television shows
823:"The Television Test Pattern"
689:as part of a television ident
687:, both as a test pattern and
600:test card) after playing the
1806:"The North Wind and the Sun"
1187:. September 1977. p. 44
1159:. 2022-05-18. Archived from
666:Saudi Broadcasting Authority
554:) following the playing of "
420:Board of Broadcast Governors
1588:Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
1058:MTLTV (28 September 2012).
830:Radio & Television News
821:Kay, M. S. (January 1949).
323:Radio & Television News
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1786:functions for optimization
1545:Snell & Wilcox SW2/SW4
1107:"Testbilder genom tiderna"
997:Emergency Broadcast System
571:Venezuelan national anthem
565:, in conjunction with the
267:black-and-white television
168:"Indian-head test pattern"
1465:EIA 1956 resolution chart
1387:
1330:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1282:"Monoscopi storici - RAI"
1236:"File:Monoscopio rca.jpg"
898:WMTV 2009 analog sign-off
598:EIA 1956 resolution chart
1598:Just another Perl hacker
1460:Indian-head test pattern
1397:Reference implementation
1242:(in Italian), 2012-08-07
1105:erikbe99 (9 July 2007).
1016:"The Outer Limits Intro"
1004:by phone on 2007-11-07).
533:Canadian national anthem
259:Indian-head test pattern
1887:Television presentation
1872:History of broadcasting
1578:"Hello, World!" program
1417:Artificial intelligence
1157:The Examiner (Tasmania)
583:Mexican national anthem
1892:Television terminology
1816:SMPTE universal leader
1523:Philips circle pattern
1182:"Television Servicing"
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575:Telesistema Mexicano
542:It was also used by
519:of likely European (
498:Harrison, New Jersey
343:Harrison, New Jersey
341:at their factory in
153:improve this article
27:Television test card
1867:American inventions
1407:Standard test image
1382:Standard test items
1094:. 12 February 2014.
927:. 17 November 2022.
648:Sveriges Television
544:Rhodesia Television
454:"Weird Al" Yankovic
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1060:"Tête de l'indien"
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556:God Save the Queen
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810:. 8 October 2016.
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552:Southern Rhodesia
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1425:Chinese room
1402:Sanity check
1346:mire.project
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435:infomercials
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291:video camera
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151:Please help
146:verification
143:
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1711:filler text
1664:Utah teapot
1649:Cornell box
1430:Turing test
676:test card.
616: [
403:programming
289:, a simple
209:August 2017
1897:Test cards
1851:Categories
1707:Typography
1291:2023-03-13
1268:2023-03-13
1246:2023-03-13
1167:2024-04-18
982:2015-06-07
905:2023-06-28
745:References
737:egg-shape.
640:Televerket
563:Venevisión
350:zinc oxide
319:Ziff Davis
277:wearing a
271:television
179:newspapers
99:footnoting
50:improve it
1826:Shakedown
1441:test card
1240:Knowledge
685:Rede Tupi
523:) origin.
517:generator
489:Artifacts
468:LaserDisc
373:monoscope
354:Zone VIII
287:monoscope
279:headdress
263:test card
107:July 2017
56:talk page
1751:3DBenchy
1687:ImageNet
1326:cite web
1209:and the
1191:17 April
1119:cite web
1111:Archived
1064:Archived
1020:Archived
1001:Cold War
860:Archived
659:Tasmania
579:Televisa
548:Northern
466:GGV1069
299:625-line
295:525-line
95:citation
1539:PM 5644
1535:PM 5544
1531:PM 5540
1527:PM 5538
1392:Pangram
1316:May 18,
1221:YouTube
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944:YouTube
924:YouTube
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588:In the
464:Pioneer
462:. Some
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382:KRLD-TV
358:Zone II
193:scholar
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681:Brazil
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1185:(PDF)
717:Notes
707:Italy
655:TNT-9
620:]
577:(now
261:is a
200:JSTOR
186:books
1697:List
1669:List
1560:UEIT
1332:link
1318:2006
1193:2024
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550:and
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388:and
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